Traditional Folktales Research Articles

The Translation Process of Machine Translation for Cultural Terms on Balinese Folktales

The goal of this study is to determine the capability of Google Translate in term of translating cultural terms. This study is conducted to analyze the translation performed by one of the well-known machine translation, Google Translate. The data is collected from the translation of seven traditional Balinese folktales chosen in random via online, namely Manik Angkeran, Kebo Iwa, Lubdaka, Tampaksiring, Origin of Bali, Origin of Singaraja, and Pan Balang Tamak. The data of the study is the translation on cultural terms translated by Google Translate. The cultural terms are classified with Cultural Term Classification Theory by Newmark. The analysis is conducted by comparing the translatied text and the original text to identify the translation method utilized by Google Translate in translating cultural term into English. The Translation Method Theory and Classification by Newmark is used to identify the method of translation utilized by Google Translate. The methods then is used in order to determine the tendency of Google Translate in the translation toward cultural terms.

ESSENCE OF OBJECTS IN LYMAN FRANK BAUM’S TALES

The article deals with the research on the essence of objects in children’s literature (on the book "American Tales" by L.F. Baum). The daily routine is skillfully combined with fairy-tale mood, it becomes possible due to the characters and the objects in these tales. The article describes the possible functions of objects in fiction, in particular, in a literary tale. The main attention is paid to the definition of functions performed by objects in the given fairy tales and the role of magic and magical objects in these works because the presence of magic objects in the text is one of the markers of fairy tales as a genre. Objects are defined as one of the important components of fairy tales. In addition to magical objects, fairy tales contain ordinary household items that perform the functions of various markers: create a background, describe the scene, characterize the characters of the epoch or place of action. An important role is played by the revival of objects, as well as the transformation of objects from ordinary to magical (a chest, book, pump, glass dog, and mannequin). Putting spells on objects is an important part of Baum's fairy tales. Revival is Baum’s favorite fairy-tale technique. In his works time, toys, mannequins, and stuffed birds come to life. This is done with the help of spells performed by wizards or gnomes. Objects in these tales serve as markers of his epoch. The author writes how and what the children played, focuses on the elements of interior design, the activities of the characters, as well as the fashion of that time. In most cases, such objects belong to the era of the author, without duplicating the folk tale tradition of magical objects. We conclude that the essence of objects in analyzed works is represented as follows: everyday objects that characterize the epoch, place of residence of the characters, daily habits; magical objects, the origin of which is not always known, and their magical power is often discovered by chance; objects that turn from ordinary to magical under the influence of magic. Thanks to the objects, a reader gets the opportunity to get additional characteristics of the characters, the idea of ​​the world where the characters exist, and the characters’ (in) ability to use certain things influence the plot of fairy tales.

현대 패션 트렌드를 반영한 한국 복식 디자인

This study aims to design traditional Korean clothing that reflects modern fashion trends. To get closer to the needs of the public, we investigated the fashion trends for 2021 using YouTube, the current representative information sharing platform. As a result of analyzing the top 20 videos by listing the collected data in the order of inquiry, several keywords were derived, including Printing, Crop-Top, Quilting, Oversize, Faux fur, See-through, knit, and netting. Therefore, based on the derived trend keywords, we would like to suggest a design for Korean clothing. First, it is padding applied with a long coat, which has an oversized silhouette similar to traditional attires. The splendor was emphasized by printing colorful floral patterns that applied traditional folk tales to the entire costume on a contrasting blue background. Then, the glamorous feeling of the pattern is added by putting cotton inside through the quilting technique. Second, it is a modern everyday wear design that applies the basics of Korean clothing: jeogori, trousers, and baeja. A crop-style turtleneck inspired by a jeogori jacket, high-waisted pants reminiscent of hanbok pants, and a vest applied with was matched over the top. The cute flower embroidery in black and white color tone is the point. The third one is an off-shoulder dress in a hanbok skirt with a vest waist attached. A comfortable and abstract image was printed on the silhouette closest to Korean clothing and partially decorated with gold leaf. The matching cardigan made of netting material applied Queza(快子) of the Korean clothing to eliminate the collar, hem, and sleeves and gave a side slit. Lastly, the coat made of artificial fur applies the durumagi of Korean clothing. In order to add a feeling of Korean clothing, we gave a line that falls almost in a straight line. The splendor of the entire costume was maximized with artificial fur with leopard pattern, and a leather belt with gold decorations on the waist added urban sophistication. Based on the keywords that have recently emerged as a trend in modern fashion, new Korean articles of clothing are designed and presented in this study. The most attention was paid to was to design hanbok as a modern fashion. The focus was on whether it could be matched with a regular cotton T-shirt, cotton pants, or jeans, but at the same time, there was a limitation in the ambiguous standard between tradition and modernity. This study will be a simple design and valuable primary data for finding the sustainable development potential of Korean clothing and establishing a position as a particular fashion rather than a passing trend.

Understanding Theme and Rheme of Babu Solong (A Traditional Folktale fromMamasa, West Sulawesi)

Language was not fully transferred directly. Sometimes people used media to deliver their messages. One of the media that was widely used was stories. Traditional stories used theme and rheme in delivering the message and with their unique ways prompt a language that occasionally turns into values that can change children’s behavior. And it is assumed that stories are still an effective media both in teaching or in administering good values in our community folktale is one of cultural heritage that should be preserved. It has been told passed down verbally fromgeneration to generation. This study focused on the aspect of discourse used in a traditional folktale. The aspects that will be given underlined are theme and rheme. By analyzing the transcript of Babu Solong story a traditional folktale from Mamasa, West Sulawesi, there is some evidence that will give new information. The research used a qualitative descriptive study. The result of the study shows that this folktale used four kinds of theme and rheme patterns. They are: zig-zag pattern, reiteration pattern, combine theme pattern, and hierarchical pattern. Fromthe four patterns, the story mostly used hierarchical patterns. It is because each theme and rheme introduce several different pieces of information, then each is taken and the next clause is made. Another result fromthis study is the cultural aspects that immerse in the story. From this cultural aspect, readers will find some evidence that proved the folktale will absorb the culture of how the story told by the storyteller.

Quilting Voices

Quilting Voices

Empowering children to speak up and act on social justice issues: The use of folktales and collaborative storytelling as tools of social imagination

Over the last decade, various organisations, scholars and educators across the globe have been arguing for the need to foster dialogue between and with children regarding the world they want to have, in terms of both justice and sustainability. Research has shown that stories and storytelling have a world‐making and world‐changing character that may trigger children’s social imagination on social justice issues and help them play a participatory role in society. In this context, the study presented here aimed to empower children to speak up for their beliefs and to become active agents of change in relation to social justice issues. To meet our research goals, we developed workshops around traditional folktales, which we implemented in four schools in Cyprus. During these workshops, we promoted critical dialogue for social justice issues through pertinent collaborative storytelling activities. Collaborative storytelling is a method that can involve participants in critical dialogue, enabling them to produce innovative and creative counter‐stories. This can potentially deepen their perceptions about social justice, while also allowing them to communicate the knowledge they have built in engaging and accessible ways. Data collection included observations during workshops, as well as post‐implementation interviews with a purposive sample of child participants. Our findings suggest that the children deployed either a ‘we are all different’ or a ‘we are all the same’ discourse to define social justice. Nonetheless, as the project progressed, they seemed to gradually turn to a ‘we need to see injustice to be able to act against it’ discourse. This project aims to contribute to academic discussions on promoting dialogue with children on social justice issues, and cultivating children’s metacognitive skills about societal injustices.

일제강점기 ‘二重言語’로 서술된 ‘童話’ 변용 고찰 -1910년~1920년대 조선총독부 편찬 <조선어>와 <일본어> 敎科書를 중심으로-

The Japanese language was the first language for Korean Children children during Japanese colonial occupation. Hangul was a second language because of the “bilingual” textbook.BR In the 1910s, the Korean Language Textbook was created to teach Korean and Chinese languages to Korean children at a time when the Japanese language was commercialized as an official Korean language. The textbook contains a version of the hung bu legend and The Old Man with the wen.BR In the 1920s, the Korean Language Textbook featured traditional fairy tales, Aesop’s fables, and the Simcheong legend.BR A large part of the Japanese language textbook had popular Japanese traditional folktales, such as Momotaro and Flower Grandfather.BR According to the classification of the fairy tales described in the Korean, the 1910s genre took the following format: characters, general fairy tales, Aesop’s fables, traditional tales, and myths, in that order. However, in the 1920s, the genre followed this orde: Aesop’s fables, general fairy tales, and characters.BR According to the classification of fairy tales described in Korean, the 1910s tales were characterized by the following in the order: general fairy tales, characters, folktales, and Aesop

A Study on the Storytelling of Traditional Folktales in Fantasy Drama

A Study on the Storytelling of Traditional Folktales in Fantasy Drama

Indonesian Folktales in English: Media to Integrate Local Wisdom in EFL Classroom

Indonesia has a lot of folktales as one of the precious cultural heritages that must be preserved. A folktale provides cultural knowledge and moral lessons as one type of literary text. Using Indonesian folktales in English as teaching materials in the classroom of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) will contribute a great deal to the growth of the linguistic and cognitive skills, cultural understanding and moral values of students. This paper focuses on some of the benefits and considerations of using Indonesian traditional folktales from in English as a teaching aid in the EFL classroom.

Grounding and knowledge elaboration across cultural and geographical contexts: An exploratory case study

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the processes by which groups of primary and secondary school students from two Francophone contexts (Guadeloupe and Quebec) try to establish what has been mutually understood (grounding processes) with respect to shared tasks in geography and in literature. We identify the dynamic interplay of meaning-making in dialogue, the knowledge-building processes, and the types of contributions that are made. Analysed data include two videoconference interaction sequences (4 and 13 min) concerning Geothermal Energy and Traditional Folktales, with students at different educational levels. Findings show that interactive confrontation of alternative contexts, that differ in terms of geology (the way that geothermal energy is made) and the status of folktales (oral and written traditions) can lead to misunderstandings due to the overgeneralization of one context to another. Overcoming misunderstandings by grounding leads to the co-elaboration of knowledge on the object of study, the students own context, and the context that they are confronted with. The study emphasizes the importance of interaction strategies that support or inhibit further discussion to deepen reasoning, resolve potential conflict, and reach common knowledge. We discuss implications for the design of productive intercultural collaborative learning situations.

Awareness Level of Visually Impaired College Students about Urdu Poets and Poetry in Punjab: A Qualitative Inquiry

Language has been the most popular source of communication in human society since the start of civilization. The tradition of Folk Tales appeared as the foundation of literature in ancient times. Poetry is a significant way of expression in human literature. Urdu language possesses uncountable master pieces of prose and poetry. Visually impaired persons have proved themselves as literature lovers, good readers and visionary poets in past and present. This study is an effort to depict the awareness level of visually impaired college students about Urdu poets and their creations. The population of the study consisted of all visually impaired students enrolled in public and private sector colleges located in the district Lahore and Okara. A self developed and validated structured interview schedule containing 10 open ended questions was used to collect data from conveniently selected sample of 30 visually impaired students (males= 18, females=12). Descriptive statistics (percentages of responses) were calculated, collected information was coded; major themes were derived and interpreted by qualitative data analysis technique. The Study reflected that the visually impaired college students were having a lot of information about Urdu poets and their creations although there seemed a lack of in depth knowledge. They reported the lack of talking books and material in Braille on Urdu poetry of great and famous poets. They suggested the establishment of talking libraries throughout the country. Major findings were reported, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made to Punjab Higher Education Department.

Adaptation of Nusantara Fable Story in a Circus Show

Along with the times, traditional arts slowly began to fade. So, it is with traditional folk tales. It is important to keep traditional stories known and understood by children. Introducing the arts, especially performing arts, can be done from an early age, carried out by parents, teachers, to certain communities. For children, of course, an easy and interesting way is needed so that they can be enjoyed until a show is over. The concept of the show 'The Fabulous Fable Show; Circus and Theater 'is a concept that was initiated as a form of love for the local culture of the archipelago, collaborated with circus performances as one of the main branches of the performing arts. Circus shows generally feature attractions such as juggling, spinning, acrobatics, or attractions that use animals such as lions, tigers, elephants, and others. To make this show even more interesting, the concept maker included a theatrical element by bringing up the fable story from Indonesia. The fable story was chosen because the characters used were taken from animals and made children interested in the play that was performed. From there, children can recognize emotional expressions, such as joy or sadness that arise from a dance movement or song that is played.

La piel humana en la narrativa corta tradicional

Como atributo del ser humano, la piel es polivalente; da origen a creencias acerca de la inmortalidad, del temperamento del sujeto y de la invulnerabilidad del guerrero. Son estas creencias a su vez fuente de relatos tradicionales. La percepción de la vegetación y de la piel de los reptiles cada año renovadas es sugestiva para el narrador primitivo: el macrocosmos también tendrá su piel. De todo esto resulta un amplio abanico de cuentos y leyendas, ya faceciosos, ya ilustrativos de potencias demoníacas.

Vietnamese religion, folklore and literature: Archetypal journeys from folktales to medieval fantasy short stories

Basing on an analysis of social, cultural and historical contexts with bloody war and conflicts in Vietnamese medieval times in the 15th and 16th centuries, this study focuses on the discussion of the compromise as well as the implicit conflict between indigenous folklore and imported religions from China manifested from folktales to fantasy medieval literature. At the same time, we pointed out that with strong nationalism and Buddhist-Taoist colors of thought, Vietnamese Confucian writers adapted to the traditional folktales, reconciled it with the values and the aspirations of their own culture, and created a unique “anti-Confucianism” discourse in literature. The dynamics of fantasy genre and the complex textual intersection between traditional narratives and literature will be analyzed through the special regenerated process of the archetypal journey from folktales to Vietnamese medieval fantasy short stories.

Rappers as Knights-Errant: Classic Allusions in the Mainstreaming of Chinese Rap

ABSTRACT Through our analysis of the performances and corpus of lyrics produced on the Reality TV show The Rap of China, we investigate how discrete Chinese inflections refract globally resonant hip-hop themes such as representations of masculinity and loyalty. We identify how rappers use classical Chinese cultural templates, invoking the knights-errant who populate the physical and ideational realm of Jianghu that underpins China’s long tradition of folk tales, martial arts literature, and film. The article explores how Chinese rappers invoke such templates to navigate the twin demands of authenticity and the political imperative of positive energy.

Indigenous Narratives as Experimental Cinematic Texts in Nigerian Films

The paper seeks to consider the employment of folkloric tales (traditional stories) in indigenous Nigerian films as stimuli for establishing a definitive film industry. The integration of oral features into Nigerian films dates back to the era (1980–1990s) of early films in Nigeria: consider Ajani Ogun (1976), Daskin da Ridi (1990), Egg of Life (2003), Festival of Fire (1999) etcetera. Studies on Nigerian film and oral culture established that the strong narratives of Nollywood films are drawn from indigenous folk stories; indeed, the films are mostly adaptations of folktales. This article demonstrates Nigeria’s cultural history through investigating the role of culture as a strong contributor to media development in Nigeria. The research is based on textual analysis of three Nigerian films, namely The Fish Girl (2016), Hypocrisy (1992) and Daskin da Ridi (1990) as primary texts. The methodology is primarily textual. The study draws on a textual analysis of selected Nigerian films to determine their sources. The study adopts the African film theory which juxtaposes the pre-modern with modernity where the oral tradition and filmmakers are fused together, as highlighted by Tomaselli (1992). The hypothesis is that traditional folktales play an important role in the development of the Nigerian film industry (Nollywood). The study reveals that folktales and other oral genres set a footprint for film texts in Nollywood movies. Therefore, this indicates that there is a clear (although thus far, often ignored) bond between indigenous folk narratives and modern Nigerian films.

Theorising pornogrammar in the Akan folktale tradition: The trickster’s rhetorical indirection and sexual indiscretion

In the oral and written folktale tradition of the Akan people of Ghana, Kweku Ananse is the archetypal trickster. Simultaneously, he is divinity and mortal, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic, mind and matter, culture hero and comical villain. Though the phenomenon of Ananse has been widely studied, the question of Ananse’s sexually-oriented verbal traps has received very little or no attention. The present essay attempts to contribute towards filling this gap by raising fundamental questions about Ananse’s language. What linguistic stratagem informs the apparent ease with which he appropriates other people’s wives? We find that as the quintessential linguist, Ananse’s mastery of rhetorical indirection is fundamental to his success as a libertine. The essay examines the forms of rhetorical indirection and linguistic stratagem by which Ananse negotiates sex, whether he is taking advantage of a friend’s wife, seducing the king’s daughter or appropriating Nana Nyakopon the Supreme God’s spouse.

The Pedagogics of the Con in Guy Owen's The Ballad of the Flim-Flam Man

ABSTRACT This article examines Guy Owen's novel The Ballad of the Flim-Flam Man. The story is set in the fictitious Cape Fear County, based on Bladen County in eastern North Carolina, a small farming community where Owen was raised. The story features Mordecai Jones, an infamous con artist, and Curley Treadaway, the novel's narrator, a young army deserter on the run who learns the tricks of the trade from Jones. Owen was keenly interested in southern folklore in general and North Carolina folklore in particular and draws heavily on southern folk literary and oral traditions, particularly aspects of trickster figures featured in Southwest humor and African American folktales. The Ballad of the Flim-Flam Man is a humorous novel, but it is also a work that simultaneously celebrates and preserves the wit, wisdom, and artistry of southern oral folktale traditions.

Fórmulas de apertura en la narrativa de tradición oral maya tojolabal

En este trabajo se analizan las fórmulas de apertura de un corpus de textos pertenecientes a la narrativa de tradición oral maya tojolabal, con una doble finalidad, describir sus elementos y la obligatoriedad de los mismos y analizar su función tanto literaria como pragmática. Este trabajo contribuye a probar que la narrativa tojolabal de tradición oral es un arte verbal que los propios narradores distinguen de la oralidad cotidiana mediante estas estructuras que enmarcan el comienzo y el fin de cada relato. También veremos cómo las fórmulas de apertura son estructuras convencionales con elementos comunes con cierto margen de variación compartidas por una comunidad cultural.

Adaptive Occasions: Synchronic Correlatives in Traditional Folktale Adaptation

Abstract This essay examines a contemporary re-figuration of the traditional Appalachian folktale “Jack and the Giants’ Newground” through the lens of a recent performance event. The mechanisms of parody generate imaginative friction of foreground and background, a structural aesthetic of formal or functional congruence and indicial dissonance. I posit a key device for such genre-crossing adaptations, one I call the synchronic correlative. Synchronic correlatives are a form of meta-discursive parallelism, synchronic because they work as non-linear connectors between otherwise independent local/temporal constructs; they are thematic or indicial pivot points that serve to launch a tale type from one imaginative frame into another.