Trade Business Research Articles

Selection of crop varieties and yield prediction based on phenotype applying deep learning

<div align="center"><span lang="EN-US">In India, agriculture plays an important role in the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) and is also a part of civilization. Countries’ economies are also influenced by the amount of crop production. All business trading involves farming as a major factor. In order to increase crop production, different technological advancements are developed to acquire the information required for crop production. The proposed work is mainly focused on suitable crop selection across districts in Tamil Nadu, considering phenotype factors such as soil type, climatic factors, cropping season, and crop region. The key objective is to predict the suitable crop for the farmers based on their locations, soil types, and environmental factors. This results in less financial loss and a shorter crop production timeframe. Combined feature selection (CFS)-based machine regression helps increase crop production rates. A brief comparative analysis was also made between various machine learning (ML) regression algorithms, which majorly contributed to the process of crop selection considering phenotype factors. Stacked long short-term memory (LSTM) classifiers outperformed other decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and logistic regression (LR) with a prediction accuracy of 93% with the lowest classification accuracy metrics. The proposed method can help us select the perfect crop for maximum yield.</span></div>

Strategi Meningkatkan Kinerja Produk Ayam melalui Pengembangan Kanvas Model Bisnis

ALIO (name abbreviated for confidentiality) is one of a medium-scale enterprise in Indonesia that engaged in the chicken trading business in Jakarta with the store name is ALIO. This business sells broiler, red, and parent stock chickens. Even though it has been established since 1976, it turns out that the business is still managed in a traditional way so that there were no breakthroughs. Our study aims at analyzing the business model canvas of chicken ALIO. We conducted the study between December 2022 and March 2023. We conducted a business model evaluation based on the SWOT questionnaire (Osterwalder and Pigneur 2020). The findings show that the strength-opportunity level is around 71% and the weakness-threat level is around 63%. This indicated gaps in both sides. The 71% SO needed enhancement. The 63% WO needs reductions. The business coaching approach has resulted in better formation of the business model canvas. The improvement in SO level has become 84% and the improvement of WO level has become 24%. This improvement is a manifestation of adaptive business model to respond to the changing business environment and to enhance business performance. This case study with a business coaching approach has facilitated the process of solving business problems in a focused and involving related entrepreneurs.

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN EFEKTIVITAS OPERASIONAL SENTRA KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN TERPADU NATUNA

The Natuna Integrated Maritime and Fisheries Center (IMFC) was established to integrate fish landing, processing, and marketing activities. However, until 2019, the operation of IMFC had not been optimized, hence the objectives of its establishment had not been achieved. This study aims to assess the operational effectiveness of IMFC Natuna and develop strategies for its improvement. The research was carried out by identifying port facilities and capacities that have been built and assessing their operational performance. The strategy for increasing IMFC Natuna's operational activities was prepared using a SWOT analysis. The results show that the facilities at IMFC Natuna have been built completely and are currently in good, clean, and well-maintained condition. IMFC operational performance results from negative gap analysis on fish unloading parameters, namely fish production indicators and ship visits; the parameter of preparation of supplies on ice provision indicator; and marketing parameters on the indicator of the number of fish marketed. The service satisfaction assessment obtained an unsatisfactory rating on the provision of integrated cold storage facilities, provision and marketing services, as well as facilities for fish auctions. Strategies for increasing the operational activities of IMFC Natuna include empowering and improving fishers' skills, making regulations so that trading activities and business activities are centered in IMFC Natuna, inviting investors to develop fisheries investment, and bringing in fishing fleets from outside Natuna.
 Keywords: Gap, Natuna, operational, IMFC, Strategy.

DTI Development Framework in Application to Business Operations among Selected Micro Small Medium Enterprises Towards an Enhanced Business Model

Ninety-nine percent of the establishments in the Philippines are constituted by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which hold a vital role in delivering consumer needs and wants. The Philippine Statistics Authority reported a decrease in export trade and business registration percentage for the last five years. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) introduced the 7Ms Development Framework to address this issue. In this study, 240 MSMEs participated in a survey to assess the following: 1) How do the assessed Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises depict the DTI’s business in relation to business climate, market access, technology accessibility, innovation, finance accessibility, as well as management and labor capacity; 2) The effectiveness of the DTI development framework, in relation to Mastery, Mind, Money, Mentoring, Market, Machine, and Model; 3) The prevalent issues and challenges encountered by selected MSMEs in coping with the development of the Department of Trade and Industry’s 7Ms development framework; 4) Identifying gaps based on the common issues and concerns raised by MSMEs; and 5) Proposing a business model to enhance the strategic and global competitiveness of MSMEs. The study’s findings indicated that the majority of the selected micro, small, and medium enterprises described the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) business focus area “access to the market” as the “most” moderately visible or adequately observed. Access to technology and innovation, on the other hand, was viewed as the “least” moderately visible. In terms of the DTI development framework’s effectiveness, participants perceived that money was the “most” moderately effective or adequately applicable to their business operations, while mastery was regarded as the “least” moderately effective. Results also show that the most challenges and issues that selected MSMEs encounter include difficulties in business licensing and permits, high cost of inputs, and access or finance. LGU’s non-uniformity of rules, high cost of inputs, and high standards/qualifications set for MSMEs to access finance are the gaps identified. The researcher used different statistical methods, such as weighted mean and standard deviation. The data analysis involved the use of a Windows-based program called the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The study recommended a business model for how MSMEs become sustainable and globally competitive. Keywords: Effectiveness, Development Framework, business focus area, business model, issues and concerns, gaps

Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Pangkalan Gas LPG Tri Putra Kota Parepare

This research aims to evaluate the feasibility of a trading business, especially in the case of the Tri Putra 3Kg LPG Gas Base Business. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by utilizing primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct research and interviews with respondents, while secondary data was obtained from various sources such as journals and books. The data analysis process follows the stages of data reduction, data presentation (data display), and conclusion drawing/verification. The data analysis method is based on the concept of Miles and Huberman, which organizes data collection activities in three main stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification and conclusion drawing. The results showed that Tri Putra's 3Kg LPG Gas Base Business is feasible. This feasibility is proven through the fulfillment of relevant business aspects and the ability to apply the 4P concept (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion) well. These findings can be a valuable consideration for those who wish to start a similar venture, making a positive contribution to business development in this industry.

Appropriation of Information Systems for Keeping Records of the Implementation Process in Retail Trade

Relevance. The modern economy requires a constant increase in the competitiveness of economic entities by reducing uncertainty and minimizing possible risks. As a result, the trading business should be a well-coordinated mechanism aimed at effective management. One of the criteria for effective management is the implementation of competent sales accounting, for the automation of which there are a number of information systems. The purpose of the study is to identify promising aspects of the implementation of information systems aimed at automating the accounting of the sales (sales) process in retail trade. Objectives: a brief overview of information systems as separate specialized programs used to manage sales in retail; development of recommendations for the implementation of software products in non-automated outlets; presentation of the results of automation of business processes through the introduction of information systems. Methodology. In this study, methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, economic and statistical, as well as graphical methods of information processing were used. Results. The study made it possible to identify promising aspects of the implementation of information systems to automate the accounting of the sales (sales) process in retail trade. The list of relevant information systems of the studied notional area is demonstrated. Recommendations were developed for the implementation of information systems that implement the accounting of retail sales to non-automated outlets. Also, in the course of the work, prospects for the implementation of information ERP systems, in particular, individually configured, taking into account the specifics and features of the company's business processes, were identified. The calculation of the economic efficiency of a pharmacy institution that implements retail trade through the introduction of an information system is presented, as a result of which the importance of automating the accounting of the sales (sales) process is emphasized. Conclusions. Outdated technologies in enterprises significantly complicate the digital transformation of business, despite the variety of ready-made information systems in the subject area under study. The introduction of such systems requires a significant restructuring of organizational changes, business processes, including the adaptation of the accounting system.

DOWNSTREAM INTEGRATION OF ROBUSTA COFFEE IN INDONESIA

Ledug Coffee Indonesia is a trading business engaged in coffee production upstream, downstream, and education. With the large number of similar robusta coffee business actors and the high demand for coffee, Ledug Coffee Indonesia still needs to innovate in diversifying processed coffee to increase added Value and sales through a targeted marketing mix. The purpose of this research is to find out about the amount of said Value of robusta coffee from green bean to roasted bean and from roasted bean to ground coffee and to determine the effect of the marketing mix (7P) of robusta coffee business on consumer buying interest in Ledug Coffee Indonesia methods in research analysis tools Hayami Method and WarpPLS 7.0 with 65 respondents. The results showed that the ratio of added Value generated from processing green beans into roasted beans was 38%, indicating that the Value was considered moderate. The percentage of added Value generated from processing roasted beans into ground coffee is 40%, which suggests that the Value is classified as medium. The results of the analysis of the effect of the 7P marketing mix on consumer buying interest in the robusta variant Ledug Coffee at Ledug Coffee Indonesia, which has a positive and significant impact, namely the product variable (X1), price (X2), people (X5), and process (X6). In contrast, the place variable (X3) has a negative and significant effect. The promotion variable (X4) has a negative and insignificant impact, while the physical evidence variable (X7) has a positive and little influence

Commodity Traders: Transfer Pricing in the Era of Tax Transparency

Given the scale and profitability of firms operating in commodity trading industry, and with the rapidly progressing changes in the tax and transfer pricing landscape, it is expected that commodity traders will be under increasing pressure to review their approach to transfer pricing. In this article, the authors aim to examine the most critical aspects relevant for such review, with a particular focus on a role and contribution of each part of the trading business and the degree of risk taken by (part of) enterprise.

PENERAPAN DATA MINING MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-MEANS UNTUK PENENTUAN REWARD PELANGGAN Studi Kasus: UD. Penyubur Tani

UD. Penyubur Tani is a trading business that sells various kinds of needs for farmers in running their business in agriculture such as fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, and others. UD. Penyubur Tani wants to increase customer loyalty by giving rewards in the form of discounts so that its business is increasingly trusted and increasing, but in giving rewards to customers is still not effective, because UD. Penyubur Tani has difficulty in calculating one by one which customers whose frequency of purchases and total purchase price are most in the category of very loyal and loyal. Therefore, an application is needed to classify customers so that in determining strategies in building loyalty on target. By using the concept of CRM and the K-Means method, the results obtained from data processing are able to group customers who must be prioritized and can determine which customers deserve a reward. From 100 customer data, the K-Means Clustering method succeeded in grouping very loyal criteria by 8%, loyal 34% and potential by 58%.

AGRICULTURAL FOODS, FRUITS, ARTS ANDBUSINESS ROUTES: 14TH& 15TH CENTURY EASTERN INDIAN REGION(AN ANALYSIS)

Different varieties of fruits trading routs and agricultural foods are found in records, while shedding new lights on socio-economic and cultural activities of the people in eastern region specially Bengal and adjoining territories. Clear sketching about prosperity and flourishing trading business along with architecture and other artistic activities are drawn here with the help of travellers account and some other reference noted from contemporary historical chronicles and literatures. The centre of political gravity in 14th and 15th century Bengal, different name of towns like Gaur and Pandua rose one after another to be treated as capital town later on. Gaur became strategic town and commanded the routes that ran in different direction upward and downward the line of river Ganga leading to Chittagaon and other cities of this region. Even Pandua was also elevated and designed a well-planned and populated town, without any doubt, with all possible amenities of human life and centre of commercial activities with other parts of kingdom with rivers and land routes.

Pengaruh Hambatan Samping Terhadap Kinerja Jalan Pada Sipang Bersinyal (Studi Kasus Jl. Abdullah Daeng Sirua dan Jl. Adyaksa Baru Kota Makassar)

On the section at the signalized intersection of Jl. Abdullah Dg. Sirua – Jl. Adyaksa Baru Makassar City's traffic flow uses a two-way system, on this section of road the volume of vehicle traffic is quite dense plus there is high side obstacle activity because it is a trade business area such as offices, banking, shops, restaurants and shopping centers where transactions take place. sellers and buyers and there is a place of worship. Side barriers in the signalized intersection area on Jalan Abdullah Dg.Sirua – Jl. Adyaksa Baru in its existing condition obtained the highest value at point 1 on Monday at 16:30-17:30 WITA with an occurrence frequency of 456 Kej/hour per 200 m and a weight frequency of 298 Kej/hour. In this side resistance condition, it can be categorized as a low condition (Low)

Multiple time scales investor sentiment impact the stock market index fluctuation: From margin trading business perspective

The stock market is viewed as a complex dynamic system, and investor sentiment has an important impact on index fluctuation. This study constructs investor sentiment from margin trading business perspective and investigates its impact on the Chinese stock market index fluctuation in multiple time scales. First, we utilize 12 indicators and two-stage PCA to construct a composite investor sentiment index of the margin trading business(ISMT). Second, based on TEI@I complex system theory, we use the VMD algorithm to decompose and reconstruct the ISMT, Shanghai Securities Composite Index(SSEC), and Shenzhen Securities Component Index(SZI), and obtain multiple time scale measurement sequences that reflect short-term, medium-term, and long-term fluctuation of each index, respectively. We provide evidence that the ISMT has an asymmetric impact on stock market index fluctuations. Specifically, for long-term trend, the ISMT has a significant positive impact on the SSEC, and a significant negative impact on the SZI. For medium and short-term trends, the ISMT has a significant positive impact on both the fluctuations of SSEC and SZI, and the impact degree on SSEC is greater than SZI. We also find that the impact degree of ISMT on SSEC and SZI decreases from short to long-term trend. In addition, we measure the fluctuation periodicity of ISMT in multiple time scales based on Fast Fourier Transformation, investigate the impact result during the COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the impact of ISMT on the other nine indexes commonly used in the Chinese stock market, and evaluate the predictive power of ISMT for 11 stock market index returns. This paper takes a new perspective and technology to investor sentiment research, and the results enrich relevant financial theories. The findings are crucial for investor decision-making and financial department regulation.

Penggunaan Metode Simpleks dalam Memaksimalisasi Keuntungan pada Usaha Dagang Martabak Telur Brebes serta Implementasinya pada POM – QM dan R Studio

The purpose of this research is to determine the maximum profit in the business of making martabak in one day. This research was conducted at the Martabak Stall located in front of the University of Jambi's gate. The martabak trading business produces two types of martabak daily: regular egg martabak and special egg martabak. This research uses the simplex method to find the maximum profit for this martabak business. The result of this research is that the maximum profit obtained in one day is Rp 75.000,- so it can be concluded that the simplex method is suitable for finding the optimum solution.

Grihastha Ashrama And The Kamasutra

The Kamasutra is an ancient text guiding the sensual and sexual life of men and women in society. The text authored by Mallinga Vatsyayana is a work of art describing the variety of human sexual conduct and its pursuit from the time the person is in the Grihastha ashrama or the householder’s stage of existence. This included men, women and the third gender. The Grihastha stage begins from the time studentship stage of Brahmacharya Ashrama ends and the person enters the stage of a householder where the person begins a professional career, acquires sources of income, gets married and begets children. The main protagonist of the Kamasutra, the “nagaraka” after acquiring education, sets up a lifestyle for himself, follows duties, participates in festivities, attends social gatherings, etc. The nagaraka also has a set of social skills and etiquettes to follow; maintain a wardrobe full of various attires for each function and makes efforts to maintain personal grooming; hosting and entertaining family, friends, lovers, courtesans and acquaintances, conduct business trade and maintain networking in social circles as well as indulge in cultural pursuits. Women had to focus on grooming, acquiring skills, maintaining the household and balancing between various relationships. But nowhere has Vatsyayana focused on mentioning stages of life where one procreates or prepares for Vanaprastha Ashrama or Sanyasa Ashrama or pursuit of Moksha or liberation. These aspects of the life of a commoner need to be explored at greater lengths in the academic arena for a holistic study on the great monumental work of Vatsyayana as Kamasutra is only seen as a work on sexual positions and portrayals. The current study proposes to explore various facets of the Grihastha life spelled out explicitly and implicitly by the author and aspects missed or avoided by him in the greater good of life. As we spend a large part of our life as householders, the views expressed by Vatsyayana hold good and true in these contemporary times as well which needs to be investigated exhaustively.

Retail in times of war: resumption of business activity

Retail trade, as the final stage of the movement of goods, plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency of the state’s economy and the well-being of its population. In the conditions of war, the uninterrupted operation of retail enterprises has become the foundation for the survival and further development of manufacturing enterprises in the FMCG market and a guarantee of food security in Ukraine. During the war, domestic retail underwent specific stages of survival and development, responding to external challenges in unique ways and employing unconventional approaches and solutions to overcome them. The aim of the article is to determine the life trajectory of retail during the war, systematize the approaches of domestic retailers to adaptation and business activity recovery. In the research general scientific methods, including theoretical genera­lization, systematization, and grouping; abstra­ct­ion, analysis, and synthesis; statistical method; deduction and induction methods were used. The main challenges of retail in various spheres of activity were considered, and survival and recovery methods under heightened political risks were generalized. A life trajectory of the trading business in times of war has been constructed, encompassing four main stages driven by the dynamics and contradictions of changes in the trading business’s external environment. Ways to overcome (reduce the negative impact) retail challenges in the conditions of martial law were systematized. It has been established that the key principles of survival and development for retail in the context of full-scale war in Ukraine are flexibility, maneuverability, adaptability, and the use of a situational approach to overcome unforeseen challenges. Systematizing the positive experi­ence of restoring business activity in retail during times of war allows its direct application or adaptation for various market segments, industries, and individual enterprises in the dynamic nature of changes.

Stimulation of domestic goods sales

The strategy of import substitution in the national economic policy, which provides the creation of conditions for the domestic production development, is mainly based on production capabilities and is aimed at ensuring the socio-economic and security needs of the country. Much less emphasis was placed on the possibility of substituting domestically produced goods for the demand of the population. Much less emphasis was placed on the possibility of the population’s demand replacement with domesti­cally produced goods. However, in view of social security, especially in the conditions of martial law, when there are disruptions in the supply of products, in particular imported products, the correlation between the industrial and trade sectors within the policy of import substitution seems to be unfairly underestimated. So the issue of taking into account the parameters of retail trade when determining the priorities of the national policy of import substitution becomes relevant. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to investigate the potential impact of retail trade on the implementation of the policy of import substitution in the country and to determine the directions of trade business support for domestic production in wartime with the perspective of post-war recovery of Ukraine. Using the me­thods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping and systematization, the article exa­mines the level of import dependence of the retail trade of Ukraine in the pre-war period, which gives an idea of the potential of import substitution in the industry. Evaluating the product structure of retail turnover according to the criterion of the ratio of domestic and imported products made it possible to establish product groups, the domestic production of which must be supported and developed. Using the analysis of the dynamics of the commodity structure of imports in the prewar and wartime period, commodity items were identified for which supply chains were restored and for which there is a sufficiently high domestic demand, reflecting the needs of the market under martial law. Also, based on the analytical assessment of the levers of influence of trade business on its supply chain partners – domestic suppliers, the directions of its support for domestic, import-substituting production have been determined. The involvement of trade enterprises in the implementation of the national strategy of import substitution with the perspective of post-war reproduction involves the transformation of approaches to the integrated management of supply chains.

Peran Koperasi Dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Pondok Pesantren Izzatuna Putra Palembang Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah

In the economic field, cooperatives are a form of cooperation in the economic sector. People believe in this collaboration because their lives share some of the same needs. One of the Islamic Boarding School Owned Enterprises (BUMP) at the Izzatuna Putra Palembang Islamic Boarding School is a pesantren cooperative that works to support the economy and improve the economy. This study aims to: (1) Describe the extent to which Islamic boarding school cooperatives have contributed to the economic expansion of Islamic boarding schools., (2) What is the role of cooperatives in improving the economy of the Islamic boarding school Izzatuna Putra Palembang in the study of Islamic economics. This is a type of field research using primary and secondary data sources. The data obtained will be presented with narrative text. This study uses qualitative data analysis methods/techniques using inductive thinking methods. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The role of cooperatives in improving the Islamic boarding school's economy is marked by the development of cooperatives that run a trading business every day where a portion of the profits will be deposited to the Islamic boarding school, both material and non-material, and the Islamic boarding school cooperative is also very helpful. in increasing the income of members of the cooperative and the Islamic boarding school community. (2) Then the role of the Izzatuna Putra Palembang Islamic Boarding School Cooperative in improving the economy of the Izzatuna Putra Palembang Islamic Boarding School in an Islamic perspective is carried out in several ways, namely: sharia economic values ​​in helping the community's economy, and avoiding incompatibility of sharia economic principles.

Under Five Flags: Miguirditch Gumuchdjian, an Armenian shipowner of Constantinople and London 1900–1932

The shipping interests of Miguirditch Gumuchdjian stemmed from a coal enterprise established in Constantinople in the mid-1890s. A local business partnership operating as coal-mine proprietors and ship owners acquired its first vessel around 1900. From 1902 Gumuchdjian focused on coal importing and shipping, further vessels being acquired or managed under different flags between 1910 and 1914. In the early twentieth century the Turkish coal industry and the prevailing geopolitical situations presented both opportunities and risks. These factors were shaped by external conflicts, demands for independence within the widespread territories of the Ottoman empire, rising Turkish nationalism and the empire’s decline, resulting in the declaration of the Turkish Republic in 1923. The First World War proved eventful, with vessels requisitioned for war service and sunk by Allied naval actions. As an Armenian Christian, Gumuchdjian’s personal situation became difficult, necessitating a temporary relocation to London between 1915 and 1919 and a permanent move in 1923. His London-based shipping and trading business continued until 1932, when financial and management problems led to its closure. These events are examined in relation to the external contexts and the changing fortunes of a small shipping enterprise over more than three decades.

Managing a High Uncertainty Scenario through a Real Option Assessment: Evidence from a Copper Concentrate Trader

Commodity markets are highly volatile markets where uncertainty management is critical for success. Certain commodities, such as copper concentrates, experience even higher levels of volatility and uncertainty. This is fundamentally due to the absence of a reference market that allows for a transparent price discovery, along with many factors affecting the price and trade of any commodity. Traders also lack the possibility of fully hedging their exposure to copper concentrate prices as there is no derivative market directly available for the commodity. Consequently, this paper analyses the copper concentrate trading business resorting to the Real Options methodology to assess the high volatility and uncertainty which dominates in this area of commodity markets. The results obtained indicate that this method can be applied by copper concentrate traders to separate the price uncertainty from their business operative and financial planning for the future. This provides them with a reliable tool to lower the level of uncertainty affecting their long-term goals, as well as keeping the risk that they are taking under control. It also gives them higher managerial flexibility.

Effects of covid-19 on the livelihoods of rural women in Ethiopia

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on people’s lives and economic activities. Women are expected to bear the impact of the impact because they are over-represented in affected sectors on the front lines of the pandemic’s response. However, no empirical evidence exists to support the effect of COVID-19 on women’s economic activities in the Ethiopian context.MethodsThis study investigated effects of COVID-19 on economic activities of rural women in Ethiopia. Thereby, a multistage sampling procedure was employed to randomly draw 263 rural women as study participants. Data were collected through interview schedules and key informant interviews. Finally, the data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. A binary logistic regression model is used to examine factors determining the effect of COVID-19 on economic activities of women.ResultsAccording to the findings, the most affected economic activities were remittances (94.28%), small business trade (94.06%), livestock and livestock product trading (91.30%), daily labor wages (84.82%), handcraft (72.73%), and crop production (61.32%). The logit regression result shows that irrigation use reduced the impact of the pandemic, whereas relying on remittances, market distance, and being a female-headed household exacerbated the impact of the pandemic on the economic activities of rural women.ConclusionThe pandemic had significant impact on rural women’s economic activities. Therefore, governmental and nongovernmental organizations should support rural women’s income-generating activities by providing revolving funds with training. Using remittances for income-generating activities would also improve the income of rural women.