Trademark Features Research Articles

Empathy and Psychopaths’ Inability to Grieve

AbstractPsychopaths exhibit diminished ability to grieve. Here I address whether this inability can be explained by the trademark feature of psychopaths, namely, their diminished capacity for interpersonal empathy. I argue that this hypothesis turns out to be correct, but requires that we conceptualize empathy not merely as an ability to relate (emotionally and ethically) to other individuals but also as an ability to relate to past and present iterations of ourselves. This reconceptualization accords well with evidence regarding psychopaths’ intense focus on the temporal present and difficulties in engaging in mental time travel, as well as with the essentially egocentric and identity-based nature of grief.

A Proof of Chaos for a Seasonally Perturbed Version of Goodwin Growth Cycle Model: Linear and Nonlinear Formulations

We show the existence of complex dynamics for a seasonally perturbed version of the Goodwin growth cycle model, both in its original formulation and for a modified formulation, encompassing nonlinear expressions of the real wage bargaining function and of the investment function. The need to deal with a modified formulation of the Goodwin model is connected with the economically sensible position of orbits, which have to lie in the unit square, in contrast to what occurs in the model’s original formulation. In proving the existence of chaos, we follow the seminal idea by Goodwin of studying forced models in economics. Namely, the original and the modified formulations of Goodwin model are described by Hamiltonian systems, characterized by the presence of a nonisochronous center, and the seasonal variation of the parameter, representing the ratio between capital and output, which is common to both frameworks, is empirically grounded. Hence, exploiting the periodic dependence on time of that model parameter we enter the framework of Linked Twist Maps. The topological results valid in this context allow us to prove that the Poincaré map, associated with the considered systems, is chaotic, focusing on sets that lie in the unit square, and also when dealing with the original version of the Goodwin model. Accordingly, the trademark features of chaos follow, such as sensitive dependence on initial conditions and positive topological entropy.

Ukrainian Symbols and Archetypes in the Historical and Folklore Imagery of Irena Nosyk

The paper examines the concepts of “symbol” and “archetype” and their realization in the artistic thinking of the CanadianUkrainian artist Irena Nosyk. The interest in the use of archetypes as a primary scheme and their subsequent expression in art through the objectification of symbols were examined. The significance of the “spiritual memory of Ukrainian people,” which inspired the artist to depict significant events in the history of Ukrainian culture, was traced. Mythological, historical and folklore imagery in the art of Irena Nosyk were analyzed, in particular: the Scythian woman, Prince Igor Svyatoslavovych, Prince Volodymyr the Great, ethnic Hutsuls, mythical creatures—mavkas. Legends and chronicles are considered primary sources for creating this imagery. At the same time, Christian images in Nosyk’s works served as an indisputable means of systematic and purposeful influence on the viewer’s inner world. The elements of Hutsul life and clothing in Irena Nosyk’s works are analyzed. Parallels between her canvases and the works of other artists, including Petro Andrusiv and Viktor Vasnetsova, are drawn. The features of the creative method of the artist are highlighted in regard to a color-tonal palette, with brown-pink tones signifying the supernatural world. The paper aims to clarify the root causes of the use ofsymbols and archetypes by Irena Nosyk in her art. The methods used were comparative-historical, analogy and synthesis, as well as specialized art analysis methods, such as: iconological, iconographic, formal analysis, and semiotic. It was concluded that a secret language of semantic fields full of symbolic ciphers is a trademark feature of Irena Nosyk’s creativity.

Hyperhomocysteinemia, the player behind the curtain: a new insight into polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the commonest form of dysovulatoy infertility is a major form of heterogeneous endocrinopathy comprised of broad spectra of ovarian disorders including anovulation, hyperandrogenism with trademark features of metabolic syndrome (MS) like insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia, a close associate of MS and an increasingly frequent finding among PCOS women in India, poses a possible threat to these individuals with recurrent miscarriage. Micro-thrombi formation in hyperhomocysteinemic PCOS women cues toward the development of a “thrombophilic syndrome” in these women with its possible culmination in coronary artery disease later in life. However, pathophysiology of hyperhomocysteinemia in the context of PCOS and its far-reaching consequences remains unexplored.

Significance of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Immediate As Well As Long-Term Health Risk/s in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Probabilistic Model Using Dynamic Bayesian Network Analysis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous entity comprising broad spectra of ovarian disorders with trademark features of metabolic syndrome like insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidaemia to name a few. Hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome, has been suggested as a causative factor in spontaneous miscarriage in PCOS. However, it is yet to be resolved whether hyperhomocysteinemia has a contributory role in the pathogenesis or could direct long-term sequences of the syndrome. A total of 2355 women with history of one or more first trimester abortions were screened and 1539 were selected for the study. Selected patients were initially divided by the presence or absence of PCOS, while subsequent stratification was based on hyperhomocysteinemia, insulin resistance, and/or obesity. The miscarriage population/s was mostly represented by hyperhomocysteinemia in both the cohorts (PCOS: 69.08% vs. non-PCOS: 56.68%). ROC-AUC values suggest increased predisposition of hyperhomocysteinemia-mediated miscarriage (hyperhomocysteinemia: 0.778; insulin resistance: 0.601; BMI: 0.548). A probabilistic causal model was designed using dynamic Bayesian network to evaluate the time-series data points before, during, and after pregnancy which revealed a possibility of 32.24% (n = 79) of PCOS cohort developing hypertension, 26.94% (n = 66) of onset of diabetes and 4.49% cardiovascular disease 3years following pregnancy. We conclude hyperhomocysteinemia may possibly contribute to spontaneous miscarriage and related to metabolic derailments later in life.

Vitaliy Kyreyko’s Ukrainian Passacaglia: Actualization of the Ancient Genre as a Feature of Composer’s Piano Style

The paper examines the genre and expressive-stylistic concept of Vitaliy Kyreyko’s piano works on the example of his Ukrainian passacaglia, as well as its role and place in the history of Ukrainian culture of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Vitaly Kyreyko’s piano music is an extensive sphere of the artist’sfruitful creative work. It is an invaluable asset for Ukrainian culture that opens a separate page in the history of the national school of composition. The aim of the study is to analyze the genre-style and formative features of Ukrainian Passacaglia for piano as a significant work of Vitaly Kyreyko’s mature period, to characterize the actualization of the ancient genre of passacaglia as one of the trademark features of his piano style. The methodology of work is based on the complex application of scientific methods: source study deals with historical archival sources on selected topics; cross-cultural method clarifies the context of the cultural environment of the artist; informative and communicative methods allow to obtain documentary materials, information, and facts through communication with the composer; analytical method was useful for the analysis of the musical material of Ukrainian Passacaglia; system-structural method was applied to summarize the acquired information.

Prawda i fikcja według Hideo Kojimy. Narracyjna ewolucja serii gier „Metal Gear”

The paper is a brief – out of necessity – analysis of Metal Gear game series created by Japanese author, Hideo Kojima. The main subject of the analysis was Kojima’s unusual approach towards worldbuilding, gameplay mechanics and his storytelling with the use of various narrative means and strategies. Another topic studied here was Hideo Kojima’s connection with postmodernism mainly in regard to the series’ trademark feature – constant breaking of the forth wall. The final part of the paper concerns Kojima’s so far most ambitious work – Metal Gear Solid V, which is depicted here as a kind of narrative puzzle.

Constant of Motion Identifying Excited-State Quantum Phases.

We propose that a broad class of excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs) gives rise to two different excited-state quantum phases. These phases are identified by means of an operator C[over ^], which is a constant of motion in only one of them. Hence, the ESQPT critical energy splits the spectrum into one phase where the equilibrium expectation values of physical observables crucially depend on this constant of motion and another phase where the energy is the only relevant thermodynamic magnitude. The trademark feature of this operator is that it has two different eigenvalues ±1, and, therefore, it acts as a discrete symmetry in the first of these two phases. This scenario is observed in systems with and without an additional discrete symmetry; in the first case, C[over ^] explains the change from degenerate doublets to nondegenerate eigenlevels upon crossing the critical line. We present stringent numerical evidence in the Rabi and Dicke models, suggesting that this result is exact in the thermodynamic limit, with finite-size corrections that decrease as a power law.

Steps in industrial development through human capital deepening

This paper presents a model in which human capital is deepened, education time increases, and labor shifts away from agriculture. These notable trends in industrial development accompany incremental steps upward in the level of education productivity. As education grows, human capital becomes relatively abundant and industries react by deepening their investment in human capital. Industries that use human capital relatively more intensively experience relatively lower prices and higher output. New industries are assumed to emerge in step with education productivity. Each new industry is assumed to have a relatively higher human capital factor share. As human capital deepening occurs, labor shifts toward the new industry and away from traditional industry. I delineate these features by extending a well-known model of endogenous economic growth through human capital investment. The extension disaggregates output into separate industries with different shares of the human capital factor. This enables trademark features of industrial development. The model explains rising education levels, growth, and labor reallocation using a minimally complex approach that jointly explains stylized facts through human capital deepening within each industry.

Trademark features and its importance for business

Trademark features and its importance for business

Salinomycin inhibits epigenetic modulator EZH2 to enhance death receptors in colon cancer stem cells

ABSTRACT Drug resistance is one of the trademark features of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). We and others have recently shown that paucity of functional death receptors (DR4/5) on the cell surface of tumour cells is one of the major reasons for drug resistance, but their involvement in the context of in CSCs is poorly understood. By harnessing CSC specific cytotoxic function of salinomycin, we discovered a critical role of epigenetic modulator EZH2 in regulating the expression of DRs in colon CSCs. Our unbiased proteome profiler array approach followed by ChIP analysis of salinomycin treated cells indicated that the expression of DRs, especially DR4 is epigenetically repressed in colon CSCs. Concurrently, EZH2 knockdown demonstrated increased expression of DR4/DR5, significant reduction of CSC phenotypes such as spheroid formation in-vitro and tumorigenic potential in-vivo in colon cancer. TCGA data analysis of human colon cancer clinical samples shows strong inverse correlation between EZH2 and DR4. Taken together, this study provides an insight about epigenetic regulation of DR4 in colon CSCs and advocates that drug-resistant colon cancer can be therapeutically targeted by combining TRAIL and small molecule EZH2 inhibitors.

The concept, features and functions of the trademark in the law of the European Union

The article is devoted to the legal analysis and determination of the peculiarities of the definition «trademark» both in the European Union legislation and the scientific literature. The main purpose of the article is to identify the concept, essential features and functions of the trademark and meaning of the term «trademark» in the European Union legislation. In order to achieve the goal, the main attention in this article is given to the comprehensive study of the trademark definition in the European Union legislation and the scientific literature, the definition of essential trademark features, the study of the legal nature of the trademark.The article analyzes the establishment of supranational legal norms of the trademark use and protection in the European Union. Also, on the theoretical level, the main features of ensuring the circulation of a trademark in the European Union are highlighted.Functions of a trademark are observed as obligatory means of individualization of goods and services, consumer protection from counterfeit analogues of goods.A scientific analysis of the notion «certification mark» was conducted and the main specifications of the European Union certification mark were determined. The article provides with the legal definition of the certification mark and compares the trademark and the certification trademark in order to clearly differentiate them.As a result of the study, the essential features of a trademark are distinguished, distinguishing it from other means of individualization and results of intellectual activity

Rapid Protein Analysis and Western Blotting by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis

Capillary gel electrophoresis has been used since the early 1980s to separate analytes based upon their mass to charge ratio. However, optical limitations prevented high sensitivity instruments from being developed, limiting functionality. As manufacturing capabilities have improved the high‐throughput, hands‐off nature of parallel capillary gel electrophoresis has made it a desirable technique for analysis of DNA, RNA, and protein. Traditionally, protein analysis and Western blotting have been accomplished using SDS‐PAGE followed by staining of proteins in the gel or by downstream transfer of proteins to a blotting membrane, respectively. The trademark feature of these methods is their labor‐intensive nature with many hours or days passing between sample loading and results. Additionally, manual analysis prevents processing of large numbers of samples.Advanced Analytical Technologies, Inc, (AATI) has developed a high‐throughput capillary electrophoresis instrument capable of running 12 samples in parallel with analysis of a complete 96‐well plate without user intervention. This method relies on the rapid fluorescent labeling (~5 min hands on, 15 min total) of total protein sample, with a linear labeling dynamic range of 1 ng − 1000 ng protein input, followed by heat denaturing of the sample in an SDS buffer. The samples are then separated electrophoretically through a proprietary gel matrix (~30 min run time). Sizing of samples is provided using internal markers and comparison to a standardized ladder, allowing for sizing of samples from 14 kDa to greater than 200 kDa with an accuracy of ≤5% and precision of less ≤5%. Relative quantification of proteins is accomplished by comparing the corrected peak area of sample peaks with a precision of ≤10%. Absolute quantification of proteins can be accomplished through a calibration curve using the same protein as the unknown, as each unique protein species will label at varying efficiencies.Capillary gel electrophoresis coupled with total protein labeling can be used to replace traditional Western blots by analyzing and quantifying immunoprecipitations. Analysis of immunoprecipitations by SDS‐PAGE and Coomassie staining are limited due to sensitivity and the copious amounts of antibody present in the sample. By using an unlabeled antibody coupled with labeled total protein, the capillary electrophoresis instrument will only detect the labeled protein of interest isolated by the immunoprecipitation. This provides relative concentration and size information analogous to that provided by the traditional western in a fraction of the time. The AATI protocol eliminates signal bleeding which allows for a greater dynamic range than film. A pull down of endogenous GAPDH demonstrated a 3‐fold dynamic response (0.01 μg – 10 μg protein input).By harnessing capillary gel electrophoresis, AATI has developed a high sensitivity SDS‐PAGE/Western blot replacement with a 3‐fold dynamic range, allowing for rapid analysis of total and purified protein. Please contact the authors at AATI‐us.com if you have interest in this technology.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by Advanced Analytical Technologies, Inc.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Mysteries Behind the Cellular Content of Tendon Tissues.

A trademark feature of the mature tendon is its low cellular content, of which 90% to 95% is composed of tendon-specific cells (ie, tenoblasts and tenocytes); tenocytes are terminally differentiated.1 Differentiation of tenoblasts to tenocytes occurs in response to various growth factors and biomechanical stimuli during tendon development and growth. The remaining 5% to 10% of cellular content in tendon is composed of fibroblastic, vascular, neural, and fat cells located within the tendon sheaths (epitenon and endotenon) and chondrocytes at the bone insertion (enthesis) and compressive loading sites. Tendon cells synthesize all components of the tendon extracellular matrix, with a peak in activity during growth and a gradual decline during aging.1 Early tendon cell commitment and differentiation are not fully understood, and the topics are controversial. However, recent studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms involved. In early development at E10.5, embryonic mesenchymal progenitors in the somites, body wall, and limb buds enter the tendon lineage and display elevated mRNA levels of the tendon-specific transcription factor scleraxis (Scx).2 Scx expression is activated by distinct fibroblast growth factors as well as transforming growth factor-β. Transcriptome comparison of Scx green fluorescent protein (ScxGFP)-positive tendon cells derived from different embryonic developmental stages resulted in a clearer understanding of the molecular events that occur during embryonic tendon cell differentiation.3 A recent study by Sugimoto et al4 strongly suggests that, at the beginning of tendon development, double-positive progenitors exist for Scx and the cartilage-specific transcription factor SRY-box containing gene 9 (Sox9). The balance in the expression levels between Scx and Sox9 determines whether cells later enter either the cartilaginous or the tenogenic lineage. Bi et al5 identified a novel cell population of resident tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) within adult tendons. Whether these cells represent a residual population of the embryonal tendon progenitors or infiltrate the tendon from exogenous sources remains unclear. TSPCs exhibit classical adult mesenchymal stem cell criteria (ie, presence of typical surface antigens, self-renewal, clonogenicity, and trilineage differentiation), in addition to expression of tendon-related genes such as Scx and tenomodulin (Tnmd).5,6 Moreover, TSPCs have the capacity to form tendon and enthesis-like tissues when implanted in vivo.5,7 The existence of TSPCs has been further confirmed in subsequent studies of human, equine, rabbit, rat, and mouse tendons.1 Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) have been isolated, expanded, and suggested for use in regenerative medicine.8-10 However, creating a pure TDSC population is still somewhat difficult because of the lack of specific surface receptors. A study published in 2009 shows that cells that simultaneously express tendon and pericyte-associated marker genes are localized in the perivascular space of tendon tissues, indicating that the perivascular niche might be a source of another type of local stem/progenitor cell.11 Mienaltowski et al12 proposed that there is a regional distribution of different stem/progenitor cells within tendon, namely, in the peritenon and within the tendon proper. Comparison between these subpopulations revealed that the peritenon-derived cells have increased vascular and pericyte markers, whereas the cells derived from the tendon proper cells are more proliferative and exhibit higher levels of Scx and Tnmd. The exact steps involved in tendon differentiation during postnatal homeostasis and tendon healing remain elusive. The few articles with information on this topic suggest that the process might be mediated by adult TSPCs, perivascular stem cells, tendon intrafascicular matrix stem cells, or even a mixture of all these cell types, depending on the circumstances.1,5,11-14 Additional studies are necessary to carefully reassemble the regional cell composition of tendons and the interconnections between different cell types. The use of novel tools (eg, gene reporter, constitutive and conditional knockout, and overexpressing mouse models or lineage-tracing techniques) is urgently needed to resolve the mysteries behind the origins of these cell populations and their contribution during tendon development, growth, and maintenance. Currently, the direct comparison of TSPCs with embryonic tendon progenitors, tenoblasts, and tenocytes is impeded because of the lack of molecular markers allowing their discrimination. As a result, the isolation and expansion of pure cell populations along the tendon differentiation cascade remains difficult. Furthermore, clear terminology is needed on the different tendon cell subsets and standardized protocols for their enrichment; appropriate stem cell, progenitor, and differentiated cell segregation methods; and an efficient technique for recapitulating the differentiation process in vitro. Improving our knowledge on these topics can provide novel and fundamental understanding not only of tendon development, but also of tendon sustainability and repair.

Defective Lymphatics in Crohn’s Disease: Tertiary Lymphoid Follicles Plug the Gap

Defective Lymphatics in Crohn’s Disease: Tertiary Lymphoid Follicles Plug the Gap

Image makers of British modernism: Dell & Wainwright at The Architectural Review

‘It used to be unkindly said of the modern school of architects before the war that they designed their buildings not to please clients or even themselves, but to please Dell & Wainwright. Unfair though this was, it paid a deserved compliment to Dell &Wainwright, the official photographers of The Architectural Review. It meant that their representations of modern buildings—resplendent in a perpetual mellow sunshine, beautifully composed within a frame of leafy branches or above a foreground dappled with shadows—when reproduced on the glossy pages of the Review came near to the ideal their designers had in their imaginations. They were the brave new world itself …’ This comment, published in the 13th June, 1946, Issue of the Architects’ Journal on the occasion of Mark O. Dell’s retirement, highlights both the expressive power and the influential nature of Dell & Wainwright’s photography. Their images were part of the Review’s 1930s campaign to promote modern architecture in Britain and given much prominence in the periodical’s pages, which had been reshaped by the Editor Hubert de Cronin Hastings and his team thanks to the use of experimental typography and innovative layouts. Many of the trademark features of Dell & Wainwright’s work had been introduced in architectural imagery by the ‘New Photography’, which had originated in continental Europe in the previous decade and encompassed both the ‘New Vision’ of Moholy-Nagy and Rodchenko, and the ‘New Objectivity’ of photographers such as Werner Mantz and Albert Renger-Patzsch. This paper examines the origins of Dell and Wainwright's partnership, their work for The Architectural Review and its critical reception, but also questions some of the most recurrent assumptions related to their photographic output, which was decidedly wider in range than is commonly believed.

Charlie Hebdo is Nothing New

Since January’s tragic events in Paris, Charlie Hebdo is undoubtedly the planet’s best-known journal of satirical cartooning, as well as now being the one with by far the highest sales. Yet its trademark features—scatology, vivid sexual humour, and the breaking of taboos, above with respect to, but showing no respect for, religious beliefs—are nothing new in France.

Olanzapine Sensitization and Clozapine Tolerance: From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Conditioned Avoidance Response Model

Disruption of conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rodents is one trademark feature of many antipsychotic drugs. In adult rats, repeated olanzapine (OLZ) treatment causes an enhanced disruption of avoidance response (sensitization), whereas repeated clozapine (CLZ) treatment causes a decreased disruption (tolerance). The present study addressed (1) whether OLZ sensitization and CLZ tolerance can be induced in adolescent rats, and (2) the extent to which OLZ sensitization and CLZ tolerance induced in adolescence persists into adulthood. Male adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats (approximate postnatal days (∼P) 43-47) were first treated with OLZ (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc)) or CLZ (10 or 20 mg/kg, sc) daily for 5 consecutive days in the CAR model. They were then tested for the expression of OLZ sensitization or CLZ tolerance either in adolescence (∼P 50) or after they matured into adults (∼P 76 and 92) in a challenge test during which all rats were injected with either a lower dose of OLZ (0.5 mg/kg) or CLZ (5.0 mg/kg). When tested in adolescence, rats previously treated with OLZ showed a stronger inhibition of CAR than those previously treated with vehicle (ie, sensitization). In contrast, rats previously treated with CLZ showed a weaker inhibition of CAR than those previously treated with vehicle (ie, tolerance). When tested in adulthood, the OLZ sensitization was still detectable at both time points (∼P 76 and 92), whereas the CLZ tolerance was only detectable on ∼P 76, and only manifested in the intertrial crossing. Performance in the prepulse inhibition and fear-induced 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in adulthood were not altered by adolescence drug treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that atypical antipsychotic treatment during adolescence can induce a long-term specific alteration in antipsychotic effect that persists into adulthood despite the brain maturation. As antipsychotic drugs are being increasingly used in children and adolescents in the past two decades, findings from this study are important for understanding the impacts of adolescent antipsychotic treatment on the brain and behavioral developments. This work also has implications for clinical practice involving adolescence antipsychotic treatments in terms of drug choice, drug dose, and schedule.

Mass spectrometry made easy: The quest for simplicity

Mass spectrometry (MS) is generally viewed as a highly complex and demanding technique, full of difficulties and apprehensions. Ease and simplicity have been infrequently used descriptors of MS but a series of revolutionary developments is turning a complex technique into a model of simplicity, making MS easier than ever. Focusing on spray-based ambient desorption/ionization techniques, we discuss how previously unthinkable goals for MS - (1) to bring it to a real world open atmosphere environment; (2) to perform fast, selective, and highly sensitive chemical and biochemical MS analysis with ease while (3) avoiding pre-separation and sample work-up for samples in their natural environment and therefore, at the end, (4) to make MS accessible in wherever MS is needed and by whoever needs it - have become feasible. Without compromising the unique combination of high speed, selectivity, sensitivity and separation competences, simplicity has become a new MS attribute - a fifth 'S' in the unique 5 S set of MS trademark features.

Employing an ethnographic approach: key characteristics

Nurses are increasingly embracing ethnography as a useful research methodology. This paper presents an overview of some of the main characteristics we considered and the challenges encountered when using ethnography to explore the nature of communication between children and health professionals in a children's hospital. There is no consensual definition or single procedure to follow when using ethnography. This is largely attributable to the re-contextualisation of ethnography over time through diversification in and across many disciplines. Thus, it is imperative to consider some of ethnography's trademark features. To identify core trademark features of ethnography, we collated data following a scoping review of pertinent ethnographic textbooks, journal articles, attendance at ethnographic workshops and discussions with principle ethnographers. This is a methodological paper. Essentially, ethnography is a field-orientated activity that has cultural interpretations at its core, although the levels of those interpretations vary. We identified six trademark features to be considered when embracing an ethnographic approach: naturalism; context; multiple data sources; small case numbers; 'emic' and 'etic' perspectives, and ethical considerations. Ethnography has an assortment of meanings, so it is not often used in a wholly orthodox way and does not fall under the auspices of one epistemological belief. Yet, there are core criteria and trademark features that researchers should take into account alongside their particular epistemological beliefs when embracing an ethnographic inquiry. We hope this paper promotes a clearer vision of the methodological processes to consider when embarking on ethnography and creates an avenue for others to disseminate their experiences of and challenges encountered when applying ethnography's trademark features in different healthcare contexts.