Trade Cooperation Research Articles

Construction and Comparative Analysis of Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones Outside China

China's construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones is one of the important measures for the Chinese government to promote opening up and strengthen international cooperation. The Chinese government supports powerful enterprises to carry out various forms of mutually beneficial cooperation abroad, so as to promote the common development with the host country. When Chinese enterprises invest in overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, they will attract more enterprises to invest and set up factories in the host countries, which will increase the employment and tax revenue of the host countries, increase foreign exchange earned through export, improve technological level and promote common economic development. This paper aims to explore the characteristics, models and similarities and differences of China's overseas economic and trade cooperation zone construction with similar mechanisms in other countries through comparative analysis, so as to deeply understand China's role in the global economy. The construction of China's overseas economic and trade cooperation zones will provide important opportunities for Chinese enterprises to expand the international market and improve their international competitiveness, and also make positive contributions to promoting global economic cooperation and development.

Trade potential in the agricultural cooperation between Russia and ASEAN countries in conditions of world economic system fragmentation

In the article the level of food security of the ASEAN countries and Russia was determined using the Global Food Security Index, on the basis of which an analysis was made of the demand for each of the economies of the Association and the possibilities of trade cooperation with Russia in certain categories of agro-industrial products. Additionally, the article shows the key trading partners of the ASEAN countries in both export and import of agricultural products, and also identifies the position of the Russian economy among the category of so-called “other trading partners”. Based on statistical data, taking into account the current volumes of trade potential of the Russian economy, three categories of ASEAN countries were identified, for each of which a categorical analysis of the demand for agricultural products was carried out and the potential for interaction with Russia was identified.

Analysis of Cirebon City Local Government Policies in the Use of Social Media for MSME Product Marketing

The development of MSMEs in Cirebon City faces several challenges, including the lack of understanding among MSME actors about the use of technology in digital marketing. This study aims to determine the involvement of local government, especially the Office of Small, Medium Enterprises, Industry, and Trade Cooperatives, in supporting MSMEs through the use of social media. The study examines two variables: the content of the policy and the implementation environment. This research is qualitative in nature, with data collection techniques conducted through direct interviews with the Office and MSMEs in Cirebon City. The results indicate that the use of social media for marketing MSME products in Cirebon City has been effective, as evidenced by the increased promotion of MSME products. However, limitations in human resources, skills, and knowledge about marketing administration remain weaknesses. Therefore, regular and consistent training on the use of social media platforms for MSMEs is necessary, and the Cirebon City Regional Government should monitor the implementation of these programs.

IPR Protection and Sustainable Economic Growth: Domestic R&D Level and International R&D Trade Cooperation Perspective

Based on theoretical analysis and research hypotheses, this study uses unbalanced panel data from 107 countries from 2008 to 2020 to empirically analyze the impact of intellectual property rights protection (IPRP) on sustainable economic growth (SEG). The results demonstrate that IPRP promotes SEG directly and indirectly by enhancing the accumulation of knowledge capital through domestic R&D and international R&D trade cooperation. Technological progress reduces the positive impact of IPRP on domestic R&D but amplifies the effect of domestic R&D on SEG. Furthermore, political stability enhances the positive effects of IPRP on international R&D trade cooperation and SEG. This research provides empirical evidence for the role of IPRP in sustainable development and offers policy insights for governments worldwide.

The Study of Mutual Benefits and Potential in China-Mongolia Agricultural Trade

This article aims to explore the mutual benefits and potential of agricultural trade between China and Mongolia, analyzing the current situation of agricultural resources, trade history, and policy environment of the two countries. The study finds that China-Mongolia agricultural trade shows significant economic complementarity. Trade activities not only promote economic growth in both countries but also deepen social and cultural exchanges. However, technical standards, political risks, and logistics costs remain major challenges facing trade cooperation. By strengthening policy coordination, investing in agricultural technology and infrastructure, and expanding the variety and markets of trade, the potential for cooperation in China-Mongolia agricultural trade can be further enhanced. These measures will help improve the efficiency and benefits of bilateral trade, achieving a win-win development.

Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) oleh Dinas Perdagangan Koperasi dan UMKM Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja UMK

This research is motivated by the author's observations which show that there are still many MSEs who face various problems in running their businesses. This research aims to find out how empowerment is carried out by the Limapuluh Kota Regency Cooperative Trade and MSME Service and to find out the impact of this empowerment on the performance of MSEs that have taken part in the empowerment provided. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. And there were 7 informants in this study. The results of this research show that the empowerment provided by the Limapuluh Kota Regency Cooperative Trade and MSME Service is in the form of training, including product improvement training, financial managerial training, marketing digitalization training, technical guidance on business licensing, entrepreneurship training and MSE literacy to obtain certification. halal. And the empowerment provided influences the performance of MSEs which results in an increase in sales turnover from the previous year.

The Hirschman effect re‐examined from the perspective of security perception: A case study of Southeast Asian countries and China

AbstractThe dependency relationship in economic and trade cooperation between countries has long been a subject of ongoing debate among scholars of international relations. Albert Hirschman proposed his theory, known as the “Hirschman effect,” which examines how profit‐making groups influence the foreign policies of nations. However, this article contends that interest groups alone cannot fully account for the Hirschman effect. Through examining cases involving Southeast Asian countries and China, it becomes evident that security needs and interest preferences collectively influence the strength of the Hirschman effect between small and large countries. Specifically, Cambodia, Malaysia, and the Philippines illustrate varying degrees of the Hirschman effect, with Cambodia exhibiting a positive effect, Malaysia demonstrating a composite effect, and the Philippines displaying a negative effect.

Optimizing Emergency Responses on Water Transport Accidents in Metropolitan Lagos

The study analyzed agricultural product trade data to ascertain the extent of involvement of ECOWAS in community trade between 2013 and 2017. The extent to which members fulfilled the regional trade co-operation policy objective of expanding the volume of intra-community trade is gauged by computed trade indices. Each index measures intra-community trade as a share of total trade, and takes values between 0 and 1. The value is 0, if trade is truly intra-community carried out by all or most members; and 1, if trade is inter-regional, most trade being carried out by few community members. Value of annual index were influenced by cases of none, under or over reporting by member nations. Analysis revealed that intra-community trade occurred more in animal than food products, while vegetable products accounted for less. It is recommended that ECOWAS member nations should seek and utilizing foreign direct investment in development of agricultural sector to improve value chain in addition to increasing and sustaining intra-community trade volume. Besides, reports of intra-community exports and imports of agricultural products should be accurate, and no member should import from other regions where sub-community members are suppliers. Keywords: Agricultural Product Sub-sections, ECOWAS, Intra-Community Trade, Extent. DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-1-08

Economic and Cultural Partnership Opportunities between Kupang and Chiba Cities through Sister City Cooperation

The Kupang city government has officially proposed a sister city partnership with Chiba, Japan, through representatives of the Japanese government in Bali. This proposal, currently in the initial stages, aims to explore the potential economic and cultural benefits of such a collaboration. This cooperation involves the governments of Kupang City and Chiba City in enhancing economic and cultural cooperation between the two, with the aim of increasing cooperation in trade, investment, and culture, as well as increasing cooperation in education, technology, and infrastructure. This research identifies Chiba as an ideal partner for Kupang, given their various economic and cultural similarities and complementary potentials. By employing qualitative research methods, this study comprehensively examined the prospective advantages of the sister-city relationship. The findings revealed significant opportunities for both cities, including the establishment of an international trade route between Kupang and Chiba and the creation of a central institution dedicated to the research and preservation of their cultures. Based on these insights, the study recommends that the city governments of Kupang and Chiba initiate negotiations and formalize their sister city cooperation, as the anticipated benefits would substantially enhance the development and prosperity of both cities.

Trade and economic cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Belarus within the framework of the union state

The author explores the prospects for economic cooperation between Russia and Belarus in the post-sanctions period. Investment flows, trade turnover, and cooperation in various fields are examined. The influence of Belarusian products on Russian markets is highlighted, and the nomenclature is detailed. The current indicators are examined, strengths and weaknesses identified. Based on the data obtained, conclusions are drawn about the prospects for further trade cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Belarus.

The Impact of Digital Trade on China’s Position in the GVC: An Empirical Analysis Based on Sino-Russian Cross-Border Panel Data

This study analyzes OECD input–output data and UNCTAD database information to assess the impact of Sino-Russian digital trade on China’s position in the global value chain (GVC). The findings indicate that digital trade between China and Russia enhances China’s GVC status, especially in technology-intensive manufacturing sectors, while its impact is less pronounced in non-technology-intensive sectors. The digitalization level of the service industry significantly influences its effectiveness, with stronger effects in sectors that are less digitally mature. Mechanism analysis reveals that Sino-Russian digital trade boosts GVC positions through effective technology transfer, increased capital stock, and optimized human resources. Based on theoretical and empirical analyses, deepening the digitization of the manufacturing sector, expanding the layout of digital industries, strengthening Sino-Russian digital trade cooperation, and promoting the development of a digital “Belt and Road” initiative are beneficial for enhancing China’s position in the GVC and enhancing overall prosperity. These strategies not only enhance global competitiveness but also contribute to the broader goals of sustainable development by fostering economic resilience and innovation.

Competition vs cooperation: An agent based model for sustainable tomatoes’ import system

Food systems are dominated by multiple risks inflicted by their surrounding environments that pose pressures on the continuous and efficient supply of food products. Market dynamics represented by competitive and cooperative behaviors of the system's main players is one of the uncertainties that influence the availability and affordability of food products. Efficient modeling of these risks can assist decision-makers in simulating and predicting future actions that mitigate the impact that market dynamics have on the provision of food products. This paper suggests an Agent-based model-based framework that simulates the behavior and tracks the economic and environmental performances of the tomato supply system in the State of Qatar. It considers three different scenarios representing the current situation of the market in addition to a competitive and a cooperative trade network. Interactions between trade partners are modeled using two game theoretic approaches counting Cournot competition and Cartel collusion. Based on the research findings, a competitive global market can bring economic benefits to Qatar as an importing nation, but this approach also entails substantial water consumption and results in significant environmental emissions. Conversely, collaboration among exporting countries demonstrates a potential 20% reduction in water usage and a 15% decrease in environmental emissions compared to the competitive scenario, offering enhanced environmental performance albeit at higher economic costs. This study provides a prescriptive analysis that enables policymakers to quantify the trade-offs between economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. These insights are crucial for guiding strategic planning for food supply security and environmental conservation. By understanding the implications of market structure changes, policymakers can navigate potential challenges more effectively and develop targeted policy interventions that enhance the resilience of the food supply system against market volatility and environmental impacts. This analysis supports proactive policy-shaping that aligns with their desired outcomes, ensuring a balanced approach to managing economic benefits and environmental considerations.

Legal aspects of investment facilitation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states

One of the main goals of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is to implement economic and trade cooperation on the basis of equal partnership. Frequent events on economic and trade cooperation between the SCO member states not only contribute to the process of trade and investment facilitation, but also put forward higher requirements for the simplification of investment procedures in the economy and trade. The “Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization proposed to start negotiations on the simplification of investment procedures, the “Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization” facilitated the process of simplifying investment procedures, and the signing of memoranda and protocols, etc. jointly contributed to the simplification of investment procedures in the form of soft laws. However, the maincontent of the SCO investment facilitation is reflected in international soft law documents. The lack of simplification of procedures at the stage of access to investments and the inability of the existing mechanism for settlement of investment disputes to meet the needs of the SCO limit the development of economic and trade cooperation of the SCO. Therefore, it is recommended to draw lessons from the experience of facilitating simplification of procedures, according to which member States should review or negotiate bilateral investment treaties, gradually introduce a model of a preliminary national regime plus a negative list, create amechanism for resolving SCO investment disputes and support the establishment of SCO economic and trade cooperation.

Trading cooperation of Vietnam with Russia under the current global turbulence

The relevance of the study is determined by the significance, as well as the potential for further development of economic relations between Russia and Vietnam in the context of the current global situation. The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities to intensify trade interaction between the two countries with the additional opportunities analysis to increase exports and imports. Statistical information on the existing trade interaction between Russia and Vietnam has been given, the potential for the tourism activities and educational services development considered. In addition, the article describes the possibilities of increasing the economic potential of the two countries in terms of infrastructure development, including opportunities for the investment joint projects development. Special attention has been paid to the logistics systems development, which can increase the trade cooperation efficiency between Russia and Vietnam, considering the new transportation corridors development within the framework of the Northern Sea Route and Russia’s participation in China’s One Belt, One Road project. The key problems slowing down the possibilities of more active interaction between the two countries have been identified, and possible ways to solve them found. The practical significance consists in the obtained results application in the field of business organization within the two economies, as well as for the analysis and better understanding of economic relations between Russia and Vietnam.

Evolution game simulation study on Asia–Europe grain trade cooperation network

There has unavoidably been a problem for international grain cooperation in the Asia–Europe region as a result of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict. Analysis of the impact of Russian–Ukrainian conflict on the evolution of grain trade cooperation, identifying key influencing factors and formulating corresponding measures are of practical value for safeguarding grain security in the Asia–Europe region. In this paper, a grain trade network is constructed according to grain trade data from the Asian–European grain trade cooperation countries. A grain trade network game (GTNG) model of grain trade cooperation is established in order to investigate the elements that influence trade cooperation. The reciprocal preference is introduced. Through simulation experiments, the effects of cooperation costs, neighboring countries’ incentives, and punitive pressures, the degree of goodwill perception, the types of game, and the proportion of initial cooperators on trade cooperation are examined. This study may give useful policy recommendations for promoting Asia–Europe grain trade cooperation under the influence of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict.

Pengaruh Kemampuan Menyusun Laporan Keuangan, Literasi Keuangan, dan Financial Technology Terhadap Kinerja UMKM

This quantitative research aims to determine how the ability to compile financial statements, financial literacy, and financial technology affects MSMEs. The main data for this study came from questionnaires, research instruments. MSME owners who live in Matraman District and are registered with the East Jakarta Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperative Trade Industry Office (Sudin PPKUKM) are the subjects of this study. This study gathered 59 MSMEs using the Roscoe method. To analyze the data, multiple linear analysis was carried out using the SPSS program version 26, and from the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the variable ability to compile reports does not affect the performance of MSMEs, financial literacy does not affect the performance of MSMEs, and financial technology does not affect the performance of MSMEs

EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS OF CHINA-UKRAINE ECONOMIC AND TRADE COOPERATION IN THE JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE FROM 2013 TO 2023

In 2013, China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative with the aim of closely integrating its rapidly developing economy with the economies of countries along the Belt and Road route, creating new opportunities for economic development through complementarity. Ukraine, located in the connecting zone between Europe and Asia, is an important country along the Belt and Road route leading to Europe. 2023 marks the tenth anniversary of China-Ukraine cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative. Over the past decade, cooperation between China and Ukraine in various fields such as trade and investment has deepened, accumulating rich experience. This article systematically reviews the historical process of China-Ukraine cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative over the past ten years, analyzes the development trends of bilateral trade, and examines the experience accumulated in areas such as infrastructure, agriculture, investment, mineral development, and high-tech cooperation within the Belt and Road framework. The challenges faced by the two countries in jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative are also analyzed, mainly focusing on the impacts of Ukraine's domestic political instability and policy changes during regime transitions. Economic development in Ukraine has been affected by geopolitical conflicts, resulting in market instability and affecting investment and project progress. These factors pose challenges to the Belt and Road Initiative, particularly the severe impact of the outbreak of war. Additionally, this article introduces the current efforts of China and Ukraine to strengthen communication and cooperation in order to achieve a peaceful resolution as soon as possible. In the future, once the ongoing war comes to an end, both countries can leverage their ten years of experience in economic and trade cooperation. With a stable political situation and increasing market attractiveness in Ukraine, both sides can fully unleash the role of market entities, expand bilateral cooperation, promote the alignment of their economic development strategies, and actively engage in post-war reconstruction cooperation.

Characteristics and comparative study of medicinal materials between China and India based on data mining from literatures

Ethnopharmacological relevanceChina and India have unique traditional medicine systems with vast territory and rich medical resources. Traditional medicines in China include traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Uyghur medicine, Dai medicine, etc. In the third national survey of Chinese medicine resources, 12694 medicinal materials were identified. Traditional medicines in India include Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy, etc. There are 7263 medicinal materials in India. Aim of the studyTo reveal the characteristics of medicinal materials between China and India respectively, and to compare the similarities and differences in terms of properties, tastes, medicinal parts and therapeutic uses and to promote the exchange of traditional medicine between China and India and the international trade of traditional medicine industry. MethodsThe information of medicinal materials between China and India was extracted from The Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Records and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, as well as from 71 Indian herbal monographs. The information of each medicinal material, such as types, families, genera, properties, distribution, medicinal parts, efficacy, therapeutic uses, dosage form and dosage, was recorded in Excel for statistical analysis and visual comparison. ResultsA total of 12694 medicinal materials in China and 5362 medicinal materials in India were identified. The medicinal materials were mostly distributed in Southwest China and northern India. Plants were the main sources of medicinal materials. The common medicinal parts in China were whole medicinal materials, roots and rhizomes, and India used more renewable fruits, seeds and leaves. They are commonly used in the treatment of digestive system diseases. There were 1048 medicinal materials used by both China and India, which were distributed in 188 families and 685 genera. The Chinese and Indian pharmacopoeias had a total of 80 species of medicinal materials used by both China and India. ConclusionsThe characteristics of medicinal materials between China and India were somewhat different, which was conducive to provide a reference basis for traditional medicine in China or India to increase the medicinal parts and indications when using a certain medicinal material, as well as to expand the source of medicine and introduce new resources. However, there were certain similarities and shared medicinal materials, which can tap the potential of bilateral trade of medicinal materials between China and India, so as to promote the medical cultural exchange and economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

Study on the Trade Effects of China’s FDI in ASEAN Countries under the RCEP Framework

As a developing country with the world’s highest foreign direct investment, China’s FDI to ASEAN will have an impact on trade between the two countries, helping to clarify the mechanism for China-ASEAN economic and trade cooperation and exploring ways to strengthen China-ASEAN economic and trade cooperation. Thus, using panel data from 2012 to 2020, this paper investigates the impact of FDI between China and ASEAN on trade volume. The findings indicate that China's direct investment in ASEAN has a significant negative impact on trade scale, specifically the trade substitution effect. Under the RCEP framework, the importance of ASEAN's position in China's foreign economic and trade cooperation network has become increasingly prominent. On this basis, it puts forward policy suggestions such as training corresponding talents, deepening structural adjustment, strengthening government guidance, and expanding correct cognition.

The Impact of the Opening of China-Europe Railway Express On the Development of Foreign Trade in Anhui Province

Since the "Belt and Road" initiative was put forward, China-Europe freight trains, as an important international transport channel for the Eurasian continent connectivity, have enhanced the level of bilateral trade facilitation and economic and trade cooperation, and had a profound impact on the development of foreign trade. Central trains is China to Europe and the "Belt and Road" international transport trains, central trains opening is the "Belt and Road" initiative China strengthen and countries along the important measures of connectivity, is an important gripper to promote the "Belt and Road" initiative, is an important part of "unicom" facilities, the opening of changed the previous central trains rely solely on maritime transport of export, greatly improve the level of export facilitation and management efficiency, for the improvement of foreign trade development provides strong conditions. The performance of China-Europe freight trains is even more impressive under the epidemic. As a huge potential mode of transportation between Europe and Europe, its importance is gradually emerging.