Tractor-mounted Boom Sprayer Research Articles

Control of Southern Armyworm (SAW) in Staked Tomato, Fall 1992

Abstract Field-grown “Sunny” tomatoes were transplanted on 27 Aug. into single rows 20 inches between plants on plastic mulched beds 36 inches wide on 6 ft with subsurface seepage irrigation. RCB design, with 4 replications and 6 treatments with plots 3 rows by 20 feet. Eight weekly applications made with a tractor-mounted hydraulic boom sprayer with drop lines carrying four Albuz ATR Red nozzles per row for the first 2 applications, delivering 64 gpa and 6 nozzles per row, delivering 95.5 gpa for the remaining 6 applications. Grower check was Biobit FC® (2 qt/100 gal) or 2 pt/100 gal of Lannate 1.8 L (first treatment only). SAW were monitored weekly 3 days post-treatment by examining 5 randomly selected plants per plot for larvae and rating for percent defoliation. The same ten randomly selected plants per plot were harvested 3, 17 and 30 November. Fruit were weighed, culled and checked for worm damage.

Suppression of Adult Sweetpotato Whitefly (SPWF) and Spread of Tomato Mottle Geminivirus (TMOV) in Staked Tomato, Spring, 1993

Abstract Greenhouse grown seedlings were transplanted into sandy soil on 8 Mar into single rows on raised beds 36 inches wide on 6 ft centers and subsurface irrigated. Beds were fertilized with a bottom mix of 5-16-8 at 508 lb/acre and top mix of 19-0-30 in 2 bands 9 inches from centerline at 952 lbs/acre, fumigated with 300 lb/acre of 66% methyl bromide and 33% chloropicrin and covered with white-faced polyethylene mulch. Crop was sprayed weekly with Manzate 200 Df at 24 oz/acre and Kocide 100 DF at 3 lb/acre for disease control. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 4 replications, each 3 rows wide by 240 ft long, divided into 10 plots 24 ft long for 9 treatments and an unsprayed check. Spray applications from 6 Apr to 21 May were made with a tractor-mounted hydraulic boom sprayer driven by a diaphragm pump and fitted with four drop lines. Albuz ATR Lilac nozzles were used for the application of JMS Stylet oil at 400 psi (2 times per week) and Albuz ATR Red nozzles at 200 psi for all other treatments (once per week except for New Day detergent at 2 times per week). TMoV-symptomatic greenhouse raised tomato plants that had been exposed to infected whitefly were interplanted into each row of each plot on 12 Mar. An adjacent field of fall-planted collards provided additional whiteflies. Whiteflies were sampled by placing an oil/detergent coated black 10 × 13 inch aluminum pie pan under the plant and striking the plant to dislodge the whiteflies. Nine plants were sampled weekly 24 h after each spray in each plot (3 in each row) through 28 Apr and 3 plants per plot (1 per row) were sampled subsequently.

Control of Insect Pests in the First Alfalfa Crop, 1993

Abstract Nine chemical insecticide treatments were evaluated for efficacy in controlling AW larvae and aphids on a second year stand of ‘Cimarron’ alfalfa located at the Agronomy Research Station, Stillwater, OK. Pretreatment samples indicated a population of 3.3 AW larvae/stem, while aphid numbers averaged 45 per 25 stems. Sprays were applied on 9 Apr using a tractormounted boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles (Spraying Systems Co., TK SS-5) calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 24 psi while traveling at 3.0 mph. Plot size was 5 × 8 m, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Efficacy of treatments was determined from samples of 25 stems pulled from each plot at 2, 7, 14, and 21 DAT. Standard Berlese funnels were used to extract AW larvae and aphids from the stem samples for counting. Subsamples of aphids were examined on each date for species determination. Dry matter yield estimates were made by harvesting two 0.5 m quadrates from each plot on 14 May and drying forage before weighing and calculating yield on a per acre basis.

Chemical Trials and Effects on Arthropods in Celery, 1992

Abstract Celery was transplanted in a sandy loam soil on 3 Sep at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station. The plants were sprinkler irrigated for three weeks and drip irrigated (water pH 7.2-7.5) thereafter. Experimental plots were four beds wide (two rows per bed on 40-inch centers) by 40 ft and separated by a 5 ft buffer with four replicates of each treatment in a randomized complete block design. Weekly application dates included 15, 22, 29 Oct, 5, 12, 19, 25 Nov and 3, 10 Dec. All chemicals were applied by a tractor-mounted boom sprayer operated at 100 psi. Nozzles were 4 per bed and carrier (H20) was at 100 gal/acre. Disc-type cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice discs, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments received spreader-sticker. Antifoam (No-Foam®) was used with all treatments. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 5.5 × 11 inch trays/replicate when the plants reached a suitable height. Actual sampling dates were 20, 28 Oct, 4, 11, 18, 23 Nov and 2, 9 Dec. The number of dead adult parasites of Liriomyza species were recorded in the same manner and on the same dates listed for pupal counts. Evaluation of Lepidoptera populations was based on number of damaged plants found in 25 plants per replicate (100/treatment) from the center two rows of each replicate at harvest (14 Dec). Beet armyworm and black cutworm damage was recorded separately.

Control of Lepidoptera on Cole Crops, 1993

Abstract ‘Vates’ collards were planted at the Muck Crops Branch, Celeryville, OH, on 17 Jun. The experimental plots were 3 rows wide on 20 inch centers, 15 ft long and separated by 3 ft alleys. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. A single application was made 22 Jul using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Activator 90 was added at 2 pts/100 gal solution to all Bacillus thuringiensis treatments. Latron B-1956 was added to both RH5992 and RH2485 at 0.06% vol/vol solution. Five plants per plot were randomly selected and inspected for DBM, ICW, and CL small (1 st- 2nd instars) and large (>3rd instars) larvae on 27 Jul.

Chemical Trials and Impact on Insects in Celery, 1991

Abstract Celery was transplanted in a sandy loam soil on 15 Aug at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station. The plants were sprinkler irrigated for three weeks and drip irrigated (water pH 7.2-7.5) thereafter. Experimental plots were four beds wide (two rows per bed on 40-inch centers) by 40 ft and separated by a 5 ft buffer with four replicates of each treatment in a randomized complete block design. Weekly application dates included 26 Sep, 3, 10, 17, 24, 30 Oct and 7, 14 Nov. All chemicals were applied by a tractor-mounted boom sprayer operated at 100 psi. Nozzles were 4 per bed and carrier (H20) was at 100 gal/acre. Disc-type cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice discs, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments received spreader-sticker. Antifoam (No-Foam®) was used with all treatments. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 5.5 × 11 inch trays/replicate when the plants reached a suitable height. Actual sampling dates were 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 Oct and 5,13 Nov. The number of dead adult parasites of Liriomyza species were recorded in the same manner and on the same dates listed for pupal counts. Evaluation of Lepidoptera populations was based on number of damaged plants found in 25 plants per replicate (100/treatment) from the center two rows of each replicate at harvest (20 Nov). Beet armyworm, and black cutworm damage were recorded separately.

Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Trigard, 1991

Abstract Two fields in Bay Co., MI, were selected for trials using the insect growth regulator Trigard against CPB. ‘Onaway’ potatoes were planted on 17 Apr 1991, and 3 May 1991, respectively, and were managed by growers Brian Hugo and Jim Kryszak. Plots measuring 14 rows wide by 60 feet long were established in each field on 7 Jun in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were: 0.125 lb (AI)/acre (low rate); 0.25 lb (AI)/acre (medium rate); and 0.375 lb (AI)/acre (high rate; and an untreated control. The fields were sprayed on 7 and 19 Jun using a tractor mounted boom sprayer at 25 gal/acre and 40 psi. A maintenance spray program using insecticides effective against adult beetles was started on all plots the second week of Jul, after the summer adults had emerged. A pre-spray count of CPB egg masses, adults, and small and large larvae from one or two plants per plot was taken on 7 Jun. High numbers of large larvae were already present in the Hugo field at this time. Four plants per plot were sampled on 13, 20, 27 Jun and 2 Jul. On 2 Jul a qualitative defoliation rating was given to each plot based on the percent of plants in each of five defoliation categories. Potatoes were harvested from two 10-ft sections of row per plot in 19 Aug, sized and weighed.

Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1992

Abstract Potatoes were planted 14 May at the Research Farm of the Red River Valley Potato Growers Association, Grand Forks, ND. Plots were 4 rows wide, 18.9 m (62 ft) long, with 96 cm (38 in) spacing between rows and 30 m (12 in) between plants. Plots were arranged in 6 tiers of 34 plots each. Plots were separated laterally by two in planted rows (1.9 m) and tiers were separated by 7.6 m. Borders of plots were maintained weed-free by cultivation. The planting was divided into three experiments each consisting of a completely randomized plot design with 4 replications. Experiment 1 was to evaluate various rates and formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t) insecticides. Experiment 2 was to evaluate several synthetic organic insecticides and Cryolite. Experiment 3 was to evaluate two neem-based insecticides (ATI-720 and Margosan-O) alone or in combination with other insecticides. Plots were scouted daily for Colorado potato beetle egg masses beginning 11 Jun. When egg masses were found these were flagged and checked daily for hatch. Hatch of flagged eggs reached 25% on 22 Jun. Sprays were applied in all three experiments on 24 Jun, 7 Jul, and 15 Jul. Insecticidal sprays were applied using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer, with a single Teejet nozzle over each row. Sprays were applied in 150 liters of water/ha (40 gal/acre) at 275 kPa (40 psi).

Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1991

Abstract Eight insecticides were tested at the MSU Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, MI. Potatoes were planted 10 inches apart with a 17 inch row spacing on 25 and 26 April. Plots were 45 feet long by three rows wide, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two rows of plants or six feet of bare ground separated adjacent plots. Tenax was applied in 8-10 inch bands in the furrow on 26 April. Foliar treatments were applied with either a hand-held CO2 sprayer or a tractor-mounted boom sprayer, both applying insecticide at 30 gal/acre and 60 psi. Spraying was done on 4, 12, 18, and 25 Jun. Two whole plants in each plot were sampled for all stages of CPB on 7, 14, 21, and 28 Jun. A visual assessment of defoliation was done on 21 and 28 Jun. Potatoes were harvested from the middle row of each plot on 31 Jul, separated by size and weighed.

Microbial Insecticides for Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, 1992

Abstract Sweet corn was planted at South Deerfield, Mass. on Apr 26 in blocks of 4 rows by 7.6 m with 76 cm between-row and 15 cm in-row spacing. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used. Pheromone traps (two Heliothis Scentry traps, with Trecé lures for Iowa or NV strains) indicated that first-generation ECB flight began by 28 May, peaked the week of 11 Jun, and ended by the week of 12 Jul. Insecticide treatments were initiated at pretassel, continuing at 5-6 day intervals until silk dried. Applications were made on 26 Jun, 2, 7, and 12 Jul. Materials were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle over the row and two drop nozzles (T-Jet D2-25 core) delivering 80 gal/acre at 120 psi. For the first application, only the over-the-row nozzles were used. All products used were formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki as the active ingredient, and all were applied with a sticker (Bond) at 2 oz/acre. On 21 Jul, 50 ears per plot were examined for external injury to husk and internal injury from ECB.

Impact of Insecticides on Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1992

Abstract Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam type soil on 30 Jun at the University of California South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, California. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5 ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5 ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 1 week, and drip irrigated thereafter (water pH 7.2-7.5). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at first fruiting. Application dates were 6, 13, 20, 27 Aug and 3, 10, 17, 24 Sep and 1 Oct. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles per row incorporated D-3 orifice disks, #25 cores, and 50 mesh screens. Operating pressure was 100 psi delivering 100 gal/acre. Spreader sticker (Leaf Act 80) was included for all treatments at 0.04%. Except for the AC 303630 without oil treatment. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 9 by 11 inch trays/ replicate from 12 Aug through 30 Sep, inclusive. On 7-9 Oct, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate (800 per treatment) and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea) and external damage (primarily S. exigua and K. lycopersicon).

Control of Insect Pests of Squash, 1992

Abstract Squash was planted 2.5 ft apart on raised beds on 7 Sep. Plots consisted of four 25-ft rows spaced 6 ft apart and separated by 15-ft alleys. Beginning on 5 Oct the entire planting was treated weekly with mancozeb (Manzate 200 DF) at a rate of 1.5 lb (AI)/acre to control fungal diseases. Ten insecticide treatments and an untreated control were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied on 5, 12, 20, 26 Oct, and 2 Nov with a 2-row, tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 7 Albuz (lilac) ceramic hollow cone nozzles per row (5 nozzles over the row and 2 drop nozzles) delivering 110 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments that included JMS Stylet Oil were applied at 400 psi. Including the application dates above, oil was applied twice weekly from 21 Sep until 9 Nov. On 22 Oct and 12 Nov, five plants from the center rows in each plot were examined for SPWF adults, aphids, MW larvae, and PW damage to fruit and blossoms. On 29 Oct two leaves were collected from the lower third of each of three plants in each plot for estimating numbers of immature whiteflies. All SPWF eggs and nymphs were counted on three leaf disks, 0.8 inches in diameter, cut from each leaf.

Effects of Insecticides on Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1991

Abstract Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam type soil on 17 Jun at the University of California South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, California. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5 ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5 ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 1 week, and drip irrigated thereafter (water pH 7.2-7.5). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at first fruiting. Application dates were 1, 7, 15, 22, 29 Aug and 5, 7 Sep. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles per row incorporated D-3 orifice disks, #25 cores, and 50 mesh screens. Operating pressure was 100 psi delivering 100 gal/acre. Spreader sticker (Leaf Act 80) was included for all treatments at 0.04%. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 9 by 11 inch trays/replicate from 30 Jul through 16 Sep, inclusive. On 16-18 Sep, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate (800 per treatment) and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea) and external damage (primarily S. exigua and K. lycopersicon).

Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Lepidoterous Larvae in Lettuce, 1992

Abstract Lettuce was direct seeded into double-row beds on 17 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. The plots were not thinned prior to the experiment. Each plot consisted of three, 50 ft long beds spaced 42 inches apart and bordered on each side by an untreated bed. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Foliar treatments were applied on 8, 13, and 19 Oct with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer (2 TX-8 nozzles/row) operated at 40 psi, delivering 25 gal/acre. Spreader-sticker (Dynamic) was included in all spray treatments at a rate of 0.5% of the total volume. Insecticide efficacy was determined by counting the total number of small (1st and 2nd instars) and large (> 2nd instar) BAW and CL larvae on 25 randomly selected lettuce plants per replicate. Insect counts were conducted on 7, 13, 19, and 25 Oct. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and a protected LSD.

Organosilicone Adjuvants Increased the Efficacy of Glyphosate for Control of Weeds in Citrus (Citrus spp.)

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Kinetic and Sylgard 309 organosilicone adjuvants to increase the efficacy of glyphosate for control of Florida pusley (Richardia scabr a L.), southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliari s (Retz.) Koel], hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilos a L.), camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. and Rusby], bahiagrass (Paspalum notatu m Fluegge), bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylo n (L.) Pers.], and torpedograss (Panicum repen s L.). Glyphosate, either at 0.5 or 1.0 kg a.i./ha, was applied alone or in combination with Kinetic, Sylgard 309, or X-77 using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer that delivered 187 liters·ha-1 at 207 kPa pressure. Glyphosate applied at 0.5 kg·ha-1 controlled > 94% of Florida pusley, southern crabgrass, hairy beggarticks, and camphorweed. Glyphosate efficacy improved on Florida pusley and southern crabgrass when applied with the adjuvants. Glyphosate, regardless of adjuvant, completely controlled hairy beggarticks and camphorweed. Control of bahiagrass, bermudagrass, and torpedograss with adjuvants was better than without adjuvants. However, glyphosate with Kinetic or Sylgard 309 was more effective in suppressing regrowth of these perennial grasses than glyphosate with X-77. Chemical names used: isopropylamine salt fo N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine with an in-can surfactant (glyphosate); proprietary blend of polyalkyleneoxide-modified polydimethylsiloxane and nonionic organosilicone adjuvant (Kinetic); silicone adjuvant mixture of 2-(3.hydroxypropyl)-heptamethyltrisiloxane, ethyloxylated, acetate EO glycol, -allyl, -acetate (Sylgard 309); mixture of alkylarylpolyoxyethylene glycols, free fatty acids, and isopropanol nonionic adjuvant (X-77).

Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly and Leafminers on Staked Tomato with Insecticide, Soap, and Oil Sprays

Abstract FALL, 1990: Raised beds 36" wide on 6 ft centers were prepared 3 wks before planting in sandy soil at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee. Fertilizer was applied as a bottom mix before beds were formed (508 lbs/acre of 5-16-8) and as a top mix (952 lbs/acre of 19-0-30) at bed formation in two bands 9" from center. Beds were fumigated at formation with Vapam (37% metham-sodium) at a rate of 30 gal/acre. The Vapam was mixed at a ratio of 3:2 with water and applied with injectors spaced 5" apart across the bed. Immediately after fumigation the beds were covered with whiteface black polyethylene film. Tomato transplants were set 20" apart on 4 Sep. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 12 treatments and 4 replications. Plots were 3 rows wide, 20 ft long and separated by 40". Treatment applications began 9 Oct and continued weekly until harvest using a tractor mounted boom sprayer with 4 drop lines holding a maximum of 24 nozzles fitted with Albuz ceramic hollow cone tips (ATR brown delivering ca. 0.26 gal/min @ 400 psi). Manzate 200 (1.5 lb/acre) and Tri-Basic Copper (3 lb/acre) were applied weekly for disease control with the same sprayer at 150 psi except that T-Jet hollow cone nozzles with TLX-3 80° tips were used. Whitefly immatures were counted at two week intervals on the terminal trifoliate of the 6th or 7th leaf from the top of 3 randomly selected plants per plot. The number of leafminer stings and mines and the numbers of dead and parasitized leafminers on the trifoliate were also noted. Adult whiteflies were sampled on alternate weeks by counting the number found after carefully inverting the 3rd leaf from the top of 3 randomly chosen plants per plot. Plants affected by geminivirus were marked as symptoms appeared. All fruit of marketable size were picked and graded from 10 randomly selected healthy plants per plot on 27 Nov and 17 Dec. Culls were removed and the remaining fruit separated into medium, large, and extra-large categories with a mechanical grader. Dollar value was estimated on the basis of $5.00/25 lb box for medium fruit, $6.00 for large fruit, and $8.00 for extra-large fruit. A split plot analysis of variance was used with treatments as whole plots and sample dates as subplots.

Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Natural Product Insecticides, 1991

Abstract Potatoes were planted 15 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Crookston. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide, 36.6 m (120 ft) long, with 91 cm (36 in) spacing between rows and 30 cm (12 in) between plants. The two center rows of each plot were planted with certified 'Red Pontiac' seed pieces cut the previous day. Plots were separated on all sides by 1.8 m (5.9 ft) of cultivated soil. A completely randomized plot design was used. Plots were scouted daily for CPB egg masses beginning 19 Jun. When egg masses were found they were flagged and checked every 2 - 3 days for hatch. Timing of first spray application was based on egg hatch; first application was made at 30% hatch of flagged egg masses and subsequent applications on a 7 d schedule. All treatments were applied 3 times for each CPB generation: 27 Jun, 5, and 11 Jul for first generation CPB larvae; and 18, 25 Jul, and 8 Aug for second generation. Natural product insecticides used in this experiment were Bacillus thuringiensis var. son diego (MYX-1806), and neem (Margosan-O). Sprays were applied using a tractormounted boom sprayer, with a single hollow cone nozzle over each row. Spray volume was 655 liter water/ha (70 gal/acre) at 827 kPa (120 psi). All data were collected from the two center rows of each plot. CPB larvae (small = 1st and 2nd instar, large = 3rd and 4th instar) were counted on 20 randomly selected whole plants per plot. Leaf loss to defoliation (from feeding by CPB) was estimated visually as percent foliage lost. Data were expressed as mean CPB larvae or plant injury (defoliation) × number of days elapsed = Area Under the Curve (AUC).

Evaluation of Biological Insecticides for Control of Beet Armyworm in Lettuce, 1991

Abstract Lettuce was direct seeded into double-row beds on 21 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, Az. The plots were not thinned prior to the experiment. Each plot consisted of three, 50 ft long beds spaced 42 inches apart and bordered on each side by an untreated bed. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Foliar treatments were applied on 10 Oct with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer (2 TX-8 nozzles/row) operated at 40 psi, delivering 35 gal/acre. Spreader-sticker (Raincoat) was included in all spray treatments at a rate of 12 oz/acre. Insecticide efficacy was determined by counting the total number of small (1st and 2nd instars) and large (> 2nd instar) BAW and CL larvae on all lettuce seedlings in 3, 0.33 meter lengths of row per replicate. Samples were conducted on 10 and 15 Oct. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and Ryan's Q-test.

Chemical Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Fall Lettuce, 1991

Abstract Lettuce was direct seeded into double-row beds on 19 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, Az. Plants were thinned within rows at 6 inch intervals on 7 Oct. Each plot consisted of six, 50 ft long beds spaced 42 inches apart and bordered on each side by an untreated bed. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Applications dates were 3, 7, 10, 18, 23 Oct. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer (2 TX-8 nozzles/row) operated at 40 psi, delivering 35 gal/acre. Spreader-sticker (Raincoat) was included in all spray treatments at a rate of 6 oz/acre. Ten randomly selected plants/plot were sampled for BAW and CL larvae on 10, 17, 24 Oct. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and Ryan's Q-test.

Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1989

Abstract Trials were conducted at the MSU Montcalm Potato Research Farm in Entrican, Michigan. Potatoes were planted on 29 April. Plots were 40 ft long and 3 rows wide (34 inch row spacing), in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications (= blocks)/treatment. Adjacent plots were separated either by 6 ft of bare ground, or 2 rows of potatoes that had been treated with Temik 15 G (3 lb All acre) in furrow at planting. Granular systemic treatments applied at planting were sprinkled over the furrow directly over the seed piece. The Temik sidedressed treatment was applied on 24 May by sprinkling the insecticide over the row just prior to hilling. Foliar treatments were applied using a tractormounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre, 40 psi, with 3 nozzles/row. The middle nozzle directed spray down over the top of the plant, and the other nozzles directed the spray to the sides of the plant. Foliar sprays were applied on 23, 30 Jun, 6, 13, 21, and 28 Jul. Insecticide-effectiveness was evaluated by counting the number of insects on entire, randomly selected plants. On 7 and 22 Jun, 2 plants/plot in the Temik-treatments, and 48-50 plants from the remaining area were sampled. On 27 Jun, 5, 11, 18, 26 Jul, and 2 Aug, 2 plants were sampled in each plot. Plots were visually assessed for damage rating on 5, 26 Jul, and 2 Aug. On 26 Sep the middle row of each plot was harvested. Tubers were separated by size and weighed.