Traction Calculations Research Articles

Влияние переходных процессов в силовой установке маневрового тепловоза на расход топлива в эксплуатации

Purpose: Experimental assessment of the effect of transient processes in a propulsion on the operational efficiency of a shunting diesel locomotive based on locomotive parameter monitoring during exploitation. Methods: As initial data for the analysis, the results are used of continuous monitoring of the values of the parameters of propulsion of TEM18 locomotive, equipped with an electronic control system for fuel supply ESUFT.01-06-03, an automatic control system for electric transmission of USTA locomotive and a remote data control system ASK, under heavy shunting. Evaluation of transient process influence was fulfilled by means of comparison of fuel real consumption on controller 4–6 positions with standard calculated consumption at the same working modes of locomotive propulsion at the absence of transient processes. Results: As a result of the statistical analysis of metric information, it is shown that, in contradiction to, existing in environment of locomotive industry specialist, stable notion on transient process essential influence in shunting locomotive propulsion on exploitation fuel consumption and on fuel accounting necessity during rationing, transient processes in diesel generator propulsion PDG1M of TEM2(18) diesel locomotive, equipped with the modern tools of control for diesel and electric transmission, do not affect operational fuel consumption and may not be taken into account when rationing fuel for shunting. The decision on the necessity and way of accounting additional fuel consumption in transient processes when rationing the consumption for shunting operation should be made for each series of shunting locomotive based on the results of monitoring the parameters of locomotive propulsion in exploitation. Practical importance: Article results allow to raise the accuracy of traction calculations and reliability of rationing fuel consumption for shunting job.

Comparison of energy parameters of electric storage systems for DC and AC traction power supply systems

Introduction. The article discusses the energy parameters of electric power storage systems for DC and AC traction power supply systems. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the energy parameters of electric power storage systems located within the inter-substation zone boundaries of the AC traction power supply system at the 25 kV voltage.Materials and methods. The author used the methods of modeling, statistics and the experimental results processing. Moreover, the paper presented the parameter estimation of the energy accumulation system on the basis of the traction calculations for the AC rolling stock. In addition, the author made two variants of calculations — in the presence and the absence of the electric storage system. The researcher also made the simulation of the electric storage system for the voltage source connected to the sectioning post busbars.Results. Using the simulation modeling, the author presents active and reactive power graphs of the inter-substation zone boundaries in the active sectioning post operation conditions. Therefore, the article demonstrates the graph of the expected charge, the discharge depth calculations for the nominal energy capacity and the required charging features, which guarantee the charge restoration of the accumulation system to the initial level.Discussion and conclusion. The author offers the comparative assessment of the electric storage systems for the traction power supply with the DС voltage of 3 kV and the AC voltage of 25 kV. The research demonstrates the reducing potential of the nominal accumulation parameters.

Modeling of vehicle movement in computer information-control systems

The subject of the article is the processes of synthesis of a mathematical model of control objects functioning in computer information-control systems of critical purpose for the needs of high-speed railway transport. The main emphasis is on modeling the movement of a passenger train in the high-speed system of Ukrzaliznytsia. The aim is to study the process of regulating the speed of railway vehicles under conditions of uncertainty in the primary information of microprocessor information-control systems of railway transport. Tasks: determination of the criterion of the safety of railway vehicle auto control; obtain a mathematical model of train movement under conditions of uncertainty; check the adequacy of the model. The method used is the mathematical apparatus of discrete models. The following results have been obtained. The mathematical model of train movement developed in this work includes not only information on train position, reference point, direction, and speed of the vehicle but also a variable control indicator to reflect the process of railway traffic adequately. The study shows that, based on the synthesized model, it is possible to use the so-called fuzzy distance between adjacent trains. This approach improves the accuracy of determining the critical distance between trains, the time required to eliminate the risk of collision, the start time of braking, and braking time considering the angle of inclination of the track, as well as the distance of the braking distance. The necessity to determine the control indicator, its value for many points of time, while there is a reduction in speed for the safe movement of trains. Based on the proposed mathematical model, a computer simulation of the process was performed to determine the required time reserve for the train driver to respond to changes in the speed of the previous train, as well as speed ranges that require immediate emergency action. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the development of a mathematical model of the behavior of mobile units in computer systems for critical use for the needs of railway transport in the presence of failures in the primary information from sensors that record motion parameters. The behavior of the control system at different values of train speed and changes in the value of the interval of the accompanying journey is studied. The theory of traction calculations in computer control systems for mobile units has been further developed. The obtained scientific results will be used in the development of an application program for many critical computer systems for railway.

Применение мягких гидротехнических сооружений рукавного типа при создании пожарных водоёмов и водохранилищ

Purpose. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of shear stability and hydrodynamic characteristics when interacting with water flow from hose-type soft filled waterworks. Structures of this type are applied to improve hydrological and track conditions, to construct temporary water supply reservoirs, booms for oil spills prevention. The research is aimed at determining calculated dependencies to justify parameters of hose-type filled structures when they are used as dikes and protection structures. Methods. Theoretical method has been used to obtain calculated dependences of structure shear stability. Hydrodynamic characteristics during hose structures interaction with water flow have been determined experimentally on models using similarity theory. Findings. Technique for calculating structure shear stability has been developed. Dependence has been obtained to determine stability factor, which allows setting required values for hose structures and blanket length to achieve stability factor standard value, depending on generated pressure together with soil and shell material frictional properties. Determining factors of interaction process between soft cylindrical containers and water flow have been established and dependencies have been obtained for determining coefficients of water resistance to their longitudinal and transverse displacement, depending on dimensions and velocity pattern. Dependences have been obtained for considering shallow water influence with longitudinal and transverse hose tanks under conditions of unlimited fluid and shallow water. Research application field. The research results can be used in developing methodology for calculating soft water-filled waterworks parameters for constructing fire ponds, protective dams and accumulating water reserves. The dependencies obtained for calculating water resistance to cylindrical hose-type tanks displacement in conditions of unlimited fluid and shallow water can be used when performing traction calculations and substantiating towing parameters during moving operations and deploying protective booms. Conclusions. Some issues of applying inflatable hose structures for constructing dikes and protective barriers have been studied. Research will be continued in the direction of parameters optimization, improving this type of structure construction and developing technologies for their installation.

Optimization of Train Energy Cooperation Using Scheduled Service Time Reserve

The main aim of the paper was to develop an innovative approach to the preliminary estimation possibility of train energy cooperation based on data from timetables, without traction calculations. The article points out the need to strive for sustainable and environmentally friendly transport. It was pointed out that rail transport using electric traction is one of the more ecological branches of transport. It also offers a number of possibilities for improving energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption, one of which is the recovery and reuse of energy lost in the electrodynamic braking process. The main ways in which such energy can be used are listed, but the focus is mainly on the aspect of the so-called “energy cooperation” of trains. Then, the current state of the research and knowledge on the narrowed scope of rail traffic management and recuperative braking in rail transportation is presented; an innovative approach to the indirect optimization of the amount of recuperated electrical energy immediately usable by another vehicle by maximizing the duration of energy co-optimization is proposed; and the authors’ function is proposed to enable optimization, taking into account various parameters. The optimization was performed with the use of a proprietary, multi-criteria objective function and the Solver optimization module. Finally, the results obtained using the proposed approach are presented and illustrated with the example of train timetables used by some of the largest railway stations in Poland.

Энергооптимизация режимов движения поезда на языке программы C#

Objective: Analysis of existing methods for fi nding optimal modes of handling trains on the training ground of Uzbek railways to optimize the use of electrical energy within the train schedule and its optimization in terms of minimizing electricity consumption. Traction calculations are an important part of the science of train traction, one of the main activities carried out for the organization of train operation and the design of railway lines. The methods of traction calculations include a set of methods and techniques for determining the mass of the train, the speed of movement and section time taken, the fuel and electricity consumption for traction, and the solution of braking problems. Methods: The method of choosing the trajectory of the train movement provides for the calculation in the form of blocks with the initial data of the train parameters and takes into account two problems of solving the train motion equation. Results: Based on the developed computer shell for performing traction calculations, a graphical dependence of the speed of an electric locomotive on the distance covered (energy-optimal curves of train movement) on the section Altyaryk station – Margelan station was built. Practical importance: The described calculation methodology with the use of computer shell blocks makes it possible to signifi cantly simplify and speed up the traction calculations, ensure high accuracy of the results and present them in a convenient and graphic form

Improvement of Traction Calculations and Driving Modes of Traction Rolling Stock

Purpose. The authors aim to improve the methodology of traction calculations and operation modes of traction rolling stock by applying optimization models and the law of mechanical energy conservation. Methodology. The article provides a flowchart of the algorithm for performing traction calculations. Based on the analysis of existing methods of influence of track circumstances on the train movement equations and formalization of the train as a material point, a model of concentric influence in the transition nodes of profiles steepness was proposed, a method of uneven loading of bogies on bumpy and mountain traffic profiles was introduced, expressions for dividing the train by a finite value of sets were proposed. Based on the law of mechanical energy conservation, a method was developed for determining the value of controlled specific forces necessary for dynamic solving the equation of train motion. The algorithm for searching for specific traction and braking forces is graphically displayed, and methods of recursive functions are used when the specific forces exceed the maximum permissible values of traction characteristics of locomotives. Findings. Differences in the methods of existing rules of traction calculations and the proposed methodology for the influence of the track profile are graphically displayed and mathematically calculated. The need to revise the existing calculation rules is mathematically proved, the values for a freight train weighing 609 tons on the locomotive depot service shoulder were set. The impossibility of obtaining such values by accurate methods based on the rules of traction calculations is analyzed, and the need to create new mode maps when revising weight standards is determined. Based on the research results, it is proposed to introduce mathematical models in the locomotive traction calculation rules. Originality. A method for improving traction calculations based on revaluation of the influence of the track profile on rolling stock is proposed. A methodology for modulating the operation of traction rolling stock is introduced and mathematical methods for finding the specific values of the required controlled forces in traction, run-out and braking modes based on train traffic schedules are proposed. Practical value. The results of the research will improve the accuracy of calculations, allow for energy-efficient revision and development of regime maps of train management, help reduce the cost of train traction and search for hidden opportunities to improve the carrying capacity of existing railway lines, and also contribute to improving the efficiency of the country's railway comple

Brake power prediction at the feasibility study of inland ships design

The article is devoted to the problem brake power prediction at the feasibility study of inland ships design. The analysis of the existing methods of calculating the brake power is presented: based on the theory of ship traction calculations, based on the regressions of L. I. Fomkinsky, based on the use of the admiralty coefficient. The problems that arise when using the considered methods at the feasibility study of ship design. The results of calculations of the brake power and an assessment of the results obtained for a sample of ships are given, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the possible use of existing methods. A method is proposed for calculating the brake power of a ship using the relationship between the dimensionless quantities, which allow taking into account both experimental data and the physics of phenomena. It is shown that the proposed method, when used at the feasibility study of inland ships design, has a higher accuracy in comparison with the considered methods for calculating the brake power.

Method for constructing an adaptive suboptimal stationary train traffic controller based on artificial neural networks

The article discusses the modern methodology for performing the synthesis of a suboptimal train controller for the purpose of energy saving. The existing methods of optimal traction control have a number of disadvantages, the main one of which is the lack of direct use in the control program of the data obtained during train operation. Mathematical models used to solve the op- timal problem can be used correctly only in the case of sufficient adequacy. Adequacy check is not part of the known methods of optimal control theory. To eliminate this drawback, it is proposed to use the method of optimal (suboptimal) traction calculations based on artificial neural networks. It improves the accuracy of traction calculations, which is especially important in the aspect of considering energy savings, while reducing the need for computing power. When using this method, it is possible not only to achieve results close to the classical Bellman method, but also to train or verify the network using the recorded data. The article discusses the process of creating and training an artificial neural network based on model data to solve the problem of suboptimal control. The train motion modes obtained by Bellman's method were used as reference data for training the neural network. The presented comparative results of the two methods show the applicability of artificial neural networks for solving applied problems of train traction with the possibility of continuous learning, including the use of trip data, which can be directly included in the training or testing set.

Increase of the throughput and processing capacity of the railway line mountain pass section by strengthening the devices of the system of traction power supply

According to the forecast target indicators values of the JSC “Russian Railways” integrated development project until 2023, it is necessary to increase the East Siberian railway capacity of the mountain-pass section of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II up to 137 pairs of trains per day. The freight trains number should be 107 pairs per day, a raft of pushing locomotives in the odd direction up to 19 units. The section transportation capacity will increase to 116.7 million tons per year. According to the specified operation parameters, with the growth of cargo turnover on the Irkutsk – Slyudyanka section by 2023, the available capacity shortage will be 14 pairs of trains. In freight traffic, if all provided reserve lines of the the regulatory schedule are used, the capacity deficit will be 11 pairs of various categories trains. The article offers a solution of the existing section power supply devices strengthening problem until the inter-train interval of 8 minutes is reached, for this purpose, the technical parameters of the section substations are considered, and the performance indicators that can provide reliable and cost-effective working conditions are determined. The operation conditions of a traction power network (TPN) of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II section under the existing traffic schedule and under the prospective train schedule are compared. Traction calculations have a special role, since they serve as the basis for drawing up optimal train schedules, determining the railway lines capacity, effectively placing separate points, traction substations, fuel depots, determining the locomotives electricity and fuel consumption rate, solving other practical problems. Traction operation calculation of the electrified mountain pass section of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II railway line was performed using the KORTES software package. The power supply parameters of a given section were used as input data: the separate points number and location, the current speed limits for trains on this section, the longitudinal profile of the railway track, the categories and types of trains that pass through the section, the trains weights and the electric rolling stock types used in the calculation.

A GFEM-based reduced-order homogenization model for heterogeneous materials under volumetric and interfacial damage

This manuscript presents a multiscale reduced-order modeling framework for heterogeneous materials that accounts for both cohesive interface failure and continuum damage. The model builds on the eigendeformation-based reduced-order homogenization model (EHM), which relies on the pre-calculation of a set of coefficient tensors that account for the effects of linear and nonlinear material behavior between regions of the domain known as parts. A k-means clustering algorithm is used to optimally construct these parts and a new formulation for the partitioning of interfaces using this method is proposed. The extraction of the volumetric and interfacial influence functions is performed using the Interface-enriched Generalized Finite Element Method (IGFEM), which relies on a finite element discretization that does not conform to the material phase boundaries. A Lagrange multiplier method is used in this preprocessing phase, allowing for the reuse of the matrix factorization for different influence function problems and hence leading to efficiency improvement. A newly proposed traction calculation for the interface partition is also adopted to alleviate the instability caused by traction calculations along interfaces. The accuracy and efficiency of the IGFEM–EHM method is assessed through comparison with reference IGFEM simulations. The method is then used to extract the nonlinear multiscale response of particulate, unidirectional fiber-reinforced, and woven composites.

Determination of rational locomotive operating modes and resource costs based on information from global positioning systems

The article is devoted to the study of energy-efficient use of traction rolling stock for driving trains. It deals with the optimal driving mode and the main parameters of traction calculations. Based on the use of GPS/GLONASS satellite navigation units, a method for determining the basic resistance of cars in real time is proposed. The possibility of using the results obtained on locomotives with analog devices and no movement tracking is analyzed. The “Traction Calculations” software package in the C# programming language was modified in order to reduce the time and facilitate calculations of the locomotive traction service. In the course of the study, the equation of the main resistance of the cars of train No. 3612 was determined. On the basis of the uncoupled rolling stock, the dependences of speed, time, heating and current of traction electric motors, fuel consumption by the CHME3 locomotive of the Kharkiv-Sortirovochny locomotive depot for the transportation of cars from the Kharkiv-Sortirovochny station to Merefa station were calculated, with recommendations for the driver to use the position of the driver’s controller in order to reduce costs and fulfill the train schedule.

Інформаційно-розрахунковий комплекс «Тягові розрахунки» та математичні методи пошуку основних параметрів руху поїзда як основи оптимізації витрат ресурсів на тягу

The article deals with the issues of determining the main parameters of traction calculations and presents formulas for the mathematical apparatus of their search. A method for finding the distribution of specific traction forces and intervals of their action at selected calculation polygons and rationalizing the application of the driver's controller position relative to the locomotive speed is presented. The necessity of applying algorithmization based on the fuel efficiency of traction rolling stock is economically proved by comparative characteristics of rationing fuel consumption by a diesel locomotive, on a selected shoulder with a train of the appropriate weight, with values obtained as a result of the operation of the software package. The software product "traction calculations" in the programming language "C#"is presented. The calculation algorithm and its description are given with logically corresponding examples of the essence of the automated system. The basis of this software product is the law of conservation of mechanical energy, as an expression that takes into account all the factors of influence of external and internal circumstances on the train and its equations of motion. Graphically, the parameters of the movement of a freight train are interpreted in the form of curves of the dependence of time, speed, current of traction electric motors on the distance traveled and the conversion of calculations to the Microsoft Office Excel format as the basis for the optimization calculation of engineering and management apparatus.

Methods for Computer Aiding the Configuration and Assessment of Auxiliary Mine Transportation Means

Abstract Mine transportation of materials in underground mine workings is realized by mine underground railways as well as by suspended monorails or floor-mounted railway. Transportation is realized on tracks placed on the floor of working or on rails suspended to roadway support. Each transport operation must be preceded by a transport design project, made in accordance with obligatory legislation. A part of the project are traction calculations. Their implementation in a computer program allows for minimization of the possibility of errors during the configuration of suspended queues and conducting traction calculations, which consequently leads to improve the level of safety. The article discusses the modular Safe Trans Design system, supporting the design of auxiliary mine transportation. The system has been implemented in the mines of JSW S.A. The assumptions and structure of the system as well as algorithms of operation of the ‘configurator of transportation sets’ and ‘assessment and reporting module’ are presented. The method of creating an auxiliary mine transportation system project is presented. Safe Trans Design system is used in planning, organizational and training activities implemented as part of transport safety management in mining plants. Developed methods can be easily adapted to other legislations of hard coal producers’ countries, where suspended monorails are used in underground auxiliary mining transportation systems.

Justification for reducing the weight of the frame of the platform car for transporting containers in modular electric freight trains

Background: The article describes the rationale for reducing the metal content of platform cars of a modular electric freight train (MEFT) due to the distribution of traction power across the composition and reducing internal kinetic forces in the train. The calculation of the volumetric model of the car frame under the action of the weight of containers and quasi-static load, the analysis of the distribution of equivalent stresses is made. The effects of introducing these types of wagons into modular electric freight trains are considered.
 A railway train of locomotive traction is a complex mechanical system in which dynamic processes occur due to the traction force of locomotives, fractures of the profile and track plan, braking and releasing the brakes, different rates of pressure change in the brake line, and uneven resistance to movement of the locomotive and cars [1]. When driving the MEFT formed a much smaller amount of internal kinetic energy, allowing to reduce the load limit on the hitch and the frame of the wagons to transport more cargo with equal traction power by reducing the coefficient of tare of the train. In addition, running MEFT will improve the handling and safety of trains, reduce operating costs for passing train flows by reducing energy consumption for traction, braking, reduce the time for testing the brakes, the number of car, locomotive and crew hours. We predict significant (up to 7 times) reduction of loads on the coupling devices and the frame of cars, if the strength condition is met.
 Aim: To justify the possibility of reducing the loads on the auto-coupling equipment and metal structures of the frame of platform cars as part of modular electric freight trains by reducing the longitudinal forces in the auto-coupling devices due to the distribution of traction power across the composition.
 Methods:
 
 special engineering methods for traction calculations applied to railway transport;
 engineering and technical methods of calculation and design of platform cars;
 finite element method;
 a system method that allows you to identify various direct and indirect relationships in the analysis of the selection of frame structures of platform cars.
 
 Results: We justified reduction of loads on auto-coupling devices and load-bearing frames of platform cars in MEFT. It is revealed that the decrease of axial compressive loads on the automatic coupler device with 2,500 kN in the car locomotive hauling up to 400 kN at the car the IAEG will help to alleviate the weight of the metal frame of the wagon-platform for transportation of containers and reduce packaging of the car is 1.6 t, by 7.3 %. The reduction in the cost of the car will be 76.8 thousand rubles, or 3.84 %.
 Conclusions: The author offers a justification for reducing the weight of container cars-platforms of a modular electric freight train, on the basis of which it is possible to reduce the metal content of cars and transport a larger amount of cargo with equal traction power in comparison with a train of locomotive (concentrated) traction.

Mathematical modeling of the basic Parameters in the pulling calculations

The article deals with the definition of rational approaches to carrying out traction calculations and the use of automated computer simulation. The basic values and calculation method for specific operating conditions have been established, which will allow to use economic resources rationally. The necessity of introducing analogue-digital devices under difficult economic conditions is proved. The mathematical model of traction calculations is offered. The necessity of using computer simulation tools is formed. Based on the proposed methods, you will be able to accurately determine train movement parameters, as well as improve accuracy and reduce time. Methods of mathematical modeling of the basic parameters of motion are offered that will allow to improve accuracy, reduce time and consumption of fuel and energy resources for train traction. The calculation part of the automated system is based on the developed methodology for determining the rational parameters of motion for specific operating conditions.

Algorithm for selecting motor and trailer cars in a freight train of motor-car traction according to the energy efficiency criterion

Background: improving the efficiency of freight transport is one of the main challenges facing the world's Railways. One of the most effective solutions is the introduction of distributed motor-car cargo traction. This will significantly increase the operational efficiency of the train's power plant, improve its handling, reduce the amount of destructive impact on the track, increase the capacity of railway lines and the reliability of deliveries of perishable goods.
 When considering the allocation algorithm for operating the traction motors (TED) on the composition of a diesel freight trains subject to the conditions of alignment resource all TED motor coaches concluded the possibility of increasing the efficiency of multimotor traction drive modular freight trains using the proposed control algorithms for energy efficiency.
 Aim: formalization of the task of selecting motor and trailer cars in a modular electric freight train.
 Methods: In article the algorithm of selection of motor and trailer cars on a freight train railcar traction on the criterion of energy efficiency, the benefits of adopting a modular truck trains, are the main prerequisites for the implementation of distributed railcar truck pull. The work is based on the theory of traction calculations for train operation and is aimed at ensuring safe and energy-efficient traffic along the route sections.
 Results: The developed algorithm of selection of motor and trailer cars in a unit train freight based on the condition of ensuring the traction and coupling properties of the train on the current upgrades, the development of the total volume of cargo offered for transport and energy efficiency of this type of traction.
 When using the proposed algorithms for managing the energy efficiency of a motor-car electric train by selecting motor and trailer cars, adjusting the power, number of traction engines and their distribution by the composition of the traun, energy consumption on the Medvezhya Gora Noviy Poselok section can be reduced by 20.5% in the direction there and by 18.9% in the direction back without changing the traffic schedule. And when compared with a locomotive-hauled train that regulates energy consumption using the same algorithm by 4.49% and 3.61%, respectively. Energy consumption on the Krivenkovskaya Goitkh section can be reduced by 16% in the direction there and by 82% in the direction back without changing the traffic schedule. And when compared with a locomotive-hauled train that regulates energy consumption by the same algorithm by 1.61% and 65.92%, respectively.
 Conclusions: The author proposes an algorithm for selecting motor and trailer cars in a freight train of motor-car traction according to the criterion of energy efficiency with the condition of ensuring traction and coupling properties on the calculated lifts. As well as the algorithm of distribution of working traction engines by the composition of the freight trains, taking into account the requirement of equalizing the resource of their work, preventing overheating and hypothermia of the fuel and energy system, and improving train handling.

Freight Electric Multiple-Unit Trains as an Alternative to Locomotive Traction. Comparison and Analysis

The advantages of introduction of modular freight electric trains in comparison with freight trains using locomotive traction are described, the main prerequisites for introduction of a distributed multiple-unit freight traction are indicated. The results of comparison of the technology of transportation with traction by locomotive situated at the head of the train and by the train with self-propelled coaches, as well as the analysis of traction calculations of two types of trains are suggested. The international experience of developing freight trains with distributed traction is described.The main directions of implementation of the concept of accelerating freight transportation on the territory of the Russian Federation are noted. It is concluded that in modern conditions, when speed becomes an economic category, it is necessary to create rolling stock of a new generation (wheel and magnetic suspension), and introduction of freight trains with distributed traction becomes extremely relevant.

OPTIMIZATIONAL TRACTION TASKS ON THE RAILWAY NETWORK

Purpose. The paper involves the development of information and algorithmic support for conducting the optimization traction and energy calculations on the railway network for their further use in decision-making systems – systems for efficient management of the transport process. Methodology. The system is based on the graph-analytic system, the model of the train with different types of traction, the methods of optimal control of the train and the fundamental algorithms on the weighted graphs with possible parallel ribs (arcs). In the complex, these components of the system provide finding the tracks on the chart-diagram according to the given criteria, conducting the optimization traction-energy calculations according to different criteria, as well as conducting a comparative analysis of the obtained results. The reliability of the results has been repeatedly checked by available methods for varying complexity of race according to the plan and profile of the course. For this purpose, data obtained as a result of control visits using dynamometric cars were used. Also a comparative analysis of the modes in operation of trains, calculated and received by qualified drivers on different races was conducted. Findings. The problem of efficient operation of various types and modifications of locomotives, involved in the implementation of trains schedules for different purposes and loads is considered. Presentations of direct and inverse optimization, according to various criteria, of the regime tasks on the railway network and variants of their effective solution are given. The analysis of the results of the developed mathematical support and the ideas of implemented algorithms is given. Originality. The paper proposes the establishment of the network optimization problems that arise at the stages of the developing the plan for the formation, construction of traffic schedules, transmission capacity assessment and the calculation of optimal parameters for the composite graphs of motion, etc. The system approach is important to ensure the combination of the developed network structure in the universal terms of the graph theory with the system of actualization of their parameters. Pull and energy efficiency calculations are carried out by combinatorial optimization methods, which ensured the maximum level of automation of the process in solving a large set of direct and inverse regime problems with different optimality criteria. Practical value. The information and algorithmic support for the automation of the process in solving the direct and reverse regime traction-energy problems on the railway network was developed. It was tested in the process of calculating the main components for the formation of traffic schedules, analysis of train driving modes, assessment in choosing the optimal parameters of the track reconstruction for high-speed and new types of trains (locomotives).

SIMUALTION MODEL FOR EVALUATING THE CARRYING CAPACITY OF RAILWAYS

Purpose. The main purpose of the article is to improve the simulation model of railway direction to evaluate the use of carrying capacity by separate trains. Methodology. The paper deals with the evaluation of the carrying capa-city of railways used at the railways of Ukraine, the European Union, and the USA. It is noted that the reform of the railway transportation market will cause an increase in the quality requirements for the evaluation of the carrying capacity used by trains of various carriers. As the main method for evaluating the carrying capacity in the work, the methods of traction calculations, the organization of movement at railway transport and simulation modeling were used. Findings. The authors developed a simulation model of the railway direction, which reflects both the structure and the interaction of its individual elements. The model includes train model, model of railway infrastructure, mo-del of traffic management, information model. Simulation of the direction functioning is carried out by stages. At the first stage, the movement simulation of single trains is performed. At the second stage, occupation coordination of the railway infrastructure of stations and runs by trains is carried out. Departure of trains to the run is carried out with the possibility of ensuring the permissible intervals between the data, as well as the previous and subsequent trains, the developed model is implemented in the form of the «Traffic Schedule» program. Originality of the work lies in the fact that it proposes an improved simulation model of the railway direction, which reflects the process of trains passing through the sections and railway stations and makes it possible to evaluate the influence of the carrying capacity use degree on the train movement duration. Practical value. The results obtained in this work allow us to estimate the influence of trains that run according to schedule on the conditions for passing the trains that run without schedule.