Track Registration Research Articles

Spectroscopic analysis of alpha particles from radioactive nuclides with CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors.

A spectroscopy method of alpha particles with the track geometry parameters in CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors is proposed. The relationship between the track registration sensitivity and incident angle of each etch pit is analyzed. The components of alpha particles emitted from radon, thoron and 241Am can be roughly separated when the etching level is not exceeded beyond the range in CR-39. This work aims at improving the dose assessment accuracy from exposure to indoor radon and thoron.

Skin feature point tracking using deep feature encodings

AbstractFacial feature tracking is a key component of imaging ballistocardiography (BCG) where accurate quantification of the displacement of facial keypoints is needed for good heart rate estimation. Skin feature tracking enables video-based quantification of motor degradation in Parkinson’s disease. While traditional computer vision algorithms like Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF), and Lucas-Kanade method (LK) have been benchmarks due to their efficiency and accuracy, they often struggle with challenges like affine transformations and changes in illumination. In response, we propose a pipeline for feature tracking, that applies a convolutional stacked autoencoder to identify the most similar crop in an image to a reference crop containing the feature of interest. The autoencoder learns to represent image crops into deep feature encodings specific to the object category it is trained upon. We train the autoencoder on facial images and validate its ability to track skin features in general using manually labelled face and hand videos of small and large motion recorded in our lab. Our evaluation protocol is comprehensive, including quantification of errors in human annotation. The tracking errors of distinctive skin features (moles) are so small that we cannot exclude the fact that they stem from the manual labelling based on a $$\chi ^2$$ χ 2 -test. With a mean error of 0.6–3.3 pixels, our method outperformed the other methods in all but one scenario. More importantly, our method was the only one that did not diverge. We also compare our method with the latest state-of-the-art transformer for feature matching by Google—Omnimotion. Our results indicate that our method is superior at tracking different skin features under large motion conditions and that it creates better feature descriptors for tracking, matching, and image registration compared to both traditional algorithms and the latest Omnimotion.

In vitro analysis of urinary uranium of cancerous patients in Dhi_Qar governorate, southern Iraq

BackgroundThe simple and effective technique of fission track etch has been applied to determine trace concentration of uranium in human urine samples taken from two groups of male and female participants: cancer patients and healthy subjects are living in Dhi-Qar governorate, southern of Iraq. This governorate was the center of industrialization and the prior military activities especially during the Gulf wars in 1991 and 2003, and the abandoned weaponry is still present in these regions. The induced fission track registration was done using the CR-39 track detector. Patients with cancer were statistically significantly distinguished by significantly higher concentrations of uranium as compared with members of a control group, the mean value of uranium concentration for the cancer patients was 3.67 ± 0.16 μg/L, with the maximum recorded uranium concentration was 5.33 ± 0.25 μg/L (male, 75 years old, has prostate cancer) and the minimum concentration was 2.04 ± 0.07 μg/L (female, 7 years old, has leukemia cancer). While the mean value of uranium concentration for the healthy group was 2.80 ± 0.14 μg/L, with the maximum uranium concentration was 4.19 ± 0.23 μg/L (male, 73 years old) and the minimum concentration was 1.28 ± 0.07 μg/L (male, 7 years old). The results also showed a variation in uranium concentration according to gender, smoking status, and age. A gender comparison employed in the study showed that men had higher concentrations of uranium in them than female subjects and this may dawn from the difference in hormonal makeup of the body. While the smoking habit, it was found that persons who smokers, contained higher levels of uranium than those who does not smokers, demonstrating that smoking is the main route for uranium absorption. The finding indicated a significant of uranium excretion with age, which matches the predictions of theICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) uranium model. Based on these findings, it remains necessary for increasing targeted public health interventions, strictly monitoring the environment, and utilizing campaigns to avoid uranium exposure along with related complications in high-risk patient populations.

A Robust AR-DSNet Tracking Registration Method in Complex Scenarios

A robust AR-DSNet (Augmented Reality method based on DSST and SiamFC networks) tracking registration method in complex scenarios is proposed to improve the ability of AR (Augmented Reality) tracking registration to distinguish target foreground and semantic interference background, and to address the issue of registration failure caused by similar target drift when obtaining scale information based on predicted target positions. Firstly, the pre-trained network in SiamFC (Siamese Fully-Convolutional) is utilized to obtain the response map of a larger search area and set a threshold to filter out the initial possible positions of the target; Then, combining the advantage of the DSST (Discriminative Scale Space Tracking) filter tracker to update the template online, a new scale filter is trained after collecting multi-scale images at the initial possible position of target to reason the target scale change. And linear interpolation is used to update the correlation coefficient to determine the final position of target tracking based on the difference between two frames. Finally, ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) feature detection and matching are performed on the accurate target position image, and the registration matrix is calculated through matching relationships to overlay the virtual model onto the real scene, achieving enhancement of the real world. Simulation experiments show that in complex scenarios such as similar interference, target occlusion, and local deformation, the proposed AR-DSNet method can complete the registration of the target in AR 3D tracking, ensuring real-time performance while improving the robustness of the AR tracking registration algorithm.

Augmented reality navigation method based on image segmentation and sensor tracking registration technology

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, navigation technology provides great convenience for people's life, but the problem of inaccurate localization in complex environments has always been a challenge that navigation technology needs to be solved urgently. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an augmented reality navigation method that combines image segmentation and multi-sensor fusion tracking registration. The method optimizes the image processing process through the GA-OTSU-Canny algorithm and combines high-precision multi-sensor information in order to achieve accurate tracking of positioning and guidance in complex environments. Experimental results show that the GA-OTSU-Canny algorithm has a faster image edge segmentation rate, and the fastest start speed is only 1.8 s, and the fastest intersection selection time is 1.2 s. The navigation system combining the image segmentation and sensor tracking and registration techniques has a highly efficient performance in real-world navigation, and its building recognition rates are all above 99%. The augmented reality navigation system not only improves the navigation accuracy in high-rise and urban canyon environments, but also significantly outperforms traditional navigation solutions in terms of navigation startup time and target building recognition accuracy. In summary, this research not only provides a new framework for the theoretical integration of image processing and multi-sensor data, but also brings innovative technical solutions for the development and application of practical navigation systems.

Learnable Graph Matching: A Practical Paradigm for Data Association.

Data association is at the core of many computer vision tasks, e.g., multiple object tracking, image matching, and point cloud registration. however, current data association solutions have some defects: they mostly ignore the intra-view context information; besides, they either train deep association models in an end-to-end way and hardly utilize the advantage of optimization-based assignment methods, or only use an off-the-shelf neural network to extract features. In this paper, we propose a general learnable graph matching method to address these issues. Especially, we model the intra-view relationships as an undirected graph. Then data association turns into a general graph matching problem between graphs. Furthermore, to make optimization end-to-end differentiable, we relax the original graph matching problem into continuous quadratic programming and then incorporate training into a deep graph neural network with KKT conditions and implicit function theorem. In MOT task, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on several MOT datasets. For image matching, our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a popular indoor dataset, ScanNet. For point cloud registration, we also achieve competitive results.

DNA choreography: correlating mobility and organization of DNA across different resolutions from loops to chromosomes

The dynamics of DNA in the cell nucleus plays a role in cellular processes and fates but the interplay of DNA mobility with the hierarchical levels of DNA organization is still underexplored. Here, we made use of DNA replication to directly label genomic DNA in an unbiased genome-wide manner. This was followed by live-cell time-lapse microscopy of the labeled DNA combining imaging at different resolutions levels simultaneously and allowing one to trace DNA motion across organization levels within the same cells. Quantification of the labeled DNA segments at different microscopic resolution levels revealed sizes comparable to the ones reported for DNA loops using 3D super-resolution microscopy, topologically associated domains (TAD) using 3D widefield microscopy, and also entire chromosomes. By employing advanced chromatin tracking and image registration, we discovered that DNA exhibited higher mobility at the individual loop level compared to the TAD level and even less at the chromosome level. Additionally, our findings indicate that chromatin movement, regardless of the resolution, slowed down during the S phase of the cell cycle compared to the G1/G2 phases. Furthermore, we found that a fraction of DNA loops and TADs exhibited directed movement with the majority depicting constrained movement. Our data also indicated spatial mobility differences with DNA loops and TADs at the nuclear periphery and the nuclear interior exhibiting lower velocity and radius of gyration than the intermediate locations. On the basis of these insights, we propose that there is a link between DNA mobility and its organizational structure including spatial distribution, which impacts cellular processes.

Design of AR system tracking registration method using dynamic target light-field

In the process of tracking registration for an augmented reality (AR) system, it's essential first to obtain the system's initial state, as its accuracy significantly influences the precision of subsequent three-dimensional tracking registration. At this point, minor movements of the target can directly lead to calibration errors. Current methods fail to address the challenge of capturing the initial state of dynamic deformation in optically transparent AR systems effectively. To tackle this issue, the concept of a static light-field is expanded to a four-dimensional dynamic light-field, and a tracking registration method for an optical see-through AR system based on the four-dimensional dynamic light-field is introduced. This method begins by analyzing the relationship between the components of the optical see-through AR system and studying the impact of a dynamic target on the initial state model. Leveraging the fundamental principle of light-field correlation, the theory and model for four-dimensional dynamic light-field tracking registration are developed. A lot of experiments have confirmed the algorithm's accuracy, enhanced its stability, and demonstrated the superior performance of the three-dimensional tracking registration algorithm.

An augmented reality-guided biopsy system using a high-speed motion tracking and real-time registration platform.

Biopsies play a crucial role in diagnosis of various diseases including cancers. In this study, we developed an augmented reality (AR) system to improve biopsy procedures and increase targeting accuracy. Our AR-guided biopsy system uses a high-speed motion tracking technology and an AR headset to display a holographic representation of the organ, lesions, and other structures of interest superimposed on real physical objects. The first application of our AR system is prostate biopsy. By incorporating preoperative scans, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), into real-time ultrasound-guided procedures, this innovative AR-guided system enables clinicians to see the lesion as well as the organs in real time. With the enhanced visualization of the prostate, lesion, and surrounding organs, surgeons can perform prostate biopsies with an increased accuracy. Our AR-guided biopsy system yielded an average targeting accuracy of 2.94 ± 1.04 mm and can be applied for real-time guidance of prostate biopsy as well as other biopsy procedures.

Airway label prediction in video bronchoscopy: capturing temporal dependencies utilizing anatomical knowledge.

Navigation guidance is a key requirement for a multitude of lung interventions using video bronchoscopy. State-of-the-art solutions focus on lung biopsies using electromagnetic tracking and intraoperative image registration w.r.t. preoperative CT scans for guidance. The requirement of patient-specific CT scans hampers the utilization of navigation guidance for other applications such as intensive care units. This paper addresses bronchoscope tracking by solely incorporating video data. In contrast to state-of-the-art approaches, we entirely omit the use of electromagnetic tracking and patient-specific CT scans to avoid changes in clinical workflows and additional hardware requirements in intensive care units. Guidance is enabled by means of topological bronchoscope localization w.r.t. a generic airway model. Particularly, we take maximally advantage of anatomical constraints of airway trees being sequentially traversed. This is realized by incorporating sequences of CNN-based airway likelihoods into a hidden Markov model. Our approach is evaluated based on multiple experiments inside a lung phantom model. With the consideration of temporal context and use of anatomical knowledge for regularization, we are able to improve the accuracy up to to 0.98 compared to 0.81 (weighted F1: 0.98 compared to 0.81) for a classification based on individual frames. We combine CNN-based single image classification of airway segments with anatomical constraints and temporal HMM-based inference for the first time. Our approach shows first promising results in vision-based guidance for bronchoscopy interventions in the absence of electromagnetic tracking and patient-specific CT scans.

Substrate control in track registration and preservation: insights across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in southern Africa

Tracks registration is influenced by the dynamic interplay between the pedal anatomy of the trackmaker, its behaviour, and the substrate conditions it interacts with. Differences in substrate conditions, especially those linked to grain size and moisture content, often result in the most dramatic variations in track morphology. In the upper Stormberg Group, main Karoo Basin of southern Africa, diverse trace fossils, primarily comprising Late Triassic–Early Jurassic dinosaur tracks, are preserved. Numerous studies have extensively documented individual ichnosites, investigating variations between sites over time, with recent studies suggesting that track abundance and anatomical fidelity increase up-stratigraphy. Despite the well-established link between substrate and track morphology, past studies have not specifically focused on substrate conditions, often emphasizing macro-sedimentary features instead. Here, we examine the micro-sedimentary features of track-bearing units in the upper Stormberg Group using petrographic techniques to better understand the palaeosubstrate and its effect on fossil track registration and preservation. The analysis revealed that very fine-grained sandstones and substrates modified by microbial activity tend to preserve tracks with greater abundance and/or higher anatomical fidelity. Furthermore, the prevalence of very fine-grained and microbially modified strata, and their associated track trends increases in younger stratigraphic units. Across the Triassic – Jurassic boundary in southern Africa, a boom in dinosaur track abundances is observed and credited to the proliferation of dinosaur populations during the Early Jurassic. Our findings, however, suggest that the observed local increase in track abundance (and anatomical fidelity) up-stratigraphy may be linked to substrate composition differences, which were ultimately controlled by large-scale changes in the palaeoenvironment from high-energy meandering fluvial to lower-energy aeolian-lacustrine settings in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, respectively. These findings have implications for global macroevolutionary patterns, palaeo-geographical reconstructions, and biostratigraphic correlations in the early Mesozoic.

Application and Effectiveness Evaluation of Augmented Reality Technology in History Museum Exhibitions

Abstract In the context of the rapid evolution of science and technology, the integration of reality technologies has become indispensable for the evolution of history museum exhibitions towards digitization, connectivity, and intelligence. This study details the development of a visual-inertial guidance system, leveraging both the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technologies. To construct a mixed reality tour guide system, the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature extraction algorithm and tracking registration technology were employed to enhance the system’s exhibit recognition accuracy and tracking capabilities. Additionally, parallel processing techniques were implemented to accelerate the system’s performance, thereby improving operational efficiency while maintaining accuracy and maximizing the potential of augmented reality interactive functions within the history museum setting. The effectiveness of the system was empirically validated through participant evaluations across three dimensions: task completion, design recognition, and knowledge conveyance. Results indicate that all average scores exceeded 9, with 85% of participants acknowledging the enhanced convenience in knowledge acquisition provided by the technology. Furthermore, the coefficients for the guided tour abstract symbol verification were recorded at -0.007, 0.009, and 0.081, respectively. These findings corroborate that the deployment of an augmented reality interactive system and a mixed reality tour system can significantly expand the public service functions and historical-cultural education offerings of history museum exhibitions while also enriching the sensory experiences of attendees.

Шакал (Canis aure¬us) на півночі Полісся України: виявлення у природі, статус та повільне розселення

The golden jackal continues to slowly inhabit the north of Central Polissia and to disperse. Mostly single individuals are found. The social structure of the jackal is flexible and groups of more than two individuals are found in places of food concentration. A similar situation occurred in the Ubort River valley near the Ukrainian–Belarusian border, when visual encounters of jackal family consisting of probably 3–4 animals were very frequent near the burial place of livestock corpses. In the north of Central Polissia of Ukraine, the jackal has been recorded since 2014. The species is rare here. According to the registration of tracks, this predator is found on a less forested forest ridge between the settlements of Ovruch–Velidnyky–Slovechno–Levkovychi and in the valley of the Ubort River, which is a natural corridor of the species’ northward dispersal. Given Ukraine’s course towards EU membership and the position of the Baltic countries on the jackal, our country will obviously have to take into account the special status of the jackal as a species that has expanded its range on its own. Accordingly, this predator should not be considered an invasive species. Obviously, the problem with the jackal in forested regions of north of Ukraine will be much less severe than in the south in the floodplains of large rivers. In the Polissia, in trophically rich broadleaf forests with mosaic forest cover, the jackal is likely to coexist successfully with the wolf. Interspecific relations between wolves and jackals do not take the form of direct pursuit, but rather by marking territory. It has been found that jackals respond to chemical and visual markings of wolves during dispersal and try to quickly leave areas with high wolf population density. Unlike solitary wolves in the wild, solitary jackals are able to forage for food much more efficiently and therefore have a higher chance of survival in the wild. The preconceived notion of the jackal as a problematic species may not allow for an unbiased assessment of its impact on ecosystems. In its relations with humans, the jackal in the Polissia is a less problematic species compared to wolves, foxes, or American minks. It is necessary to inform the Ukrainian public, authorities and politicians about existing international legal instruments and European experience in managing populations of carnivorous mammals, including the golden jackal.

Fission-track age calibration: Phi and Zeta, never the twain shall meet?

The fission-track method was intended to be an autonomous dating method requiring two track counts and a neutron fluence measurement. It became clear that it was beset with methodological problems, and neutron fluence measurements were abandoned in favour of age standards. The coming of mass-spectrometric uranium measurements eliminated the need for irradiations altogether, and stimulated renewed efforts to establish fission-track dating as an autonomous method. This ran into similar problems as before, and recent publications signal a return to age standards. The attempts at independent dating nevertheless revealed that experts agree on the recommended fission constant and the need to consider experimental factors related to the track counts. In spite of that, the renewed reliance on standards makes that fission-track ages are again not independent, but relative, ages with an uncertain meaning, and from their nature untestable.We report an attempt at standardless and standard-based dating of the Durango and Duluth apatites using neutron irradiation and the external detector method. We start from the assumption that neutron fluence measurements are the most precise and accurate achievable in fission-track dating, a consensus on the recommended fission constant, and on the need to consider experimental factors. One factor (ζ0) accounts for the combined experimental influences; ζ0 can be calculated from identifiable contributions related to track registration, etching and counting; ζ0 can also be determined by experiment and calculated from the ages of standards. This gives three separate, consistent, dimensionless calibration factors that, in contrast to Z and ζ, are independent of the neutron fluence or the uranium content of a reference glass; ζ0 remains a personal factor, however.The standardless fission-track ages of the Durango age standard are in agreement with its reference age and the standardless and standard-based ages of the Duluth apatites are consistent with each other. Furthermore, if ζ0 is used to correct conventional Z- (and by implication ζ-) values for experimental effects, the results are consistent with their definitions in terms of physical parameters. Although ζ0 is a personal factor, the small number of measurements to date is consistent with each other. In contrast, annealing corrections based on the fossil and induced confined fission track lengths overestimate the reference age of Durango and produce incompatible standardless and standard-based ages of the dated apatites. We argue that this points to unresolved issues with the relationship between the age and the fossil track length, and suggest a connection with etching.Plots of the single-grain ages against uranium content and radial plots of the data exhibit conspicuous structure. However statistical factors alone account for the nature and magnitude of the observed correlations. This implies that in the case of the Duluth apatites there is no identifiable effect of radiation damage on the single-grain ages despite their high accumulated α-doses and protracted thermal histories. Spurious correlations must be addressed before attempting to interpret the observed data structure in terms of radiation damage, apatite composition or age components.

Processing of secondary radiation and cosmic ray data measured at flight altitudes with the pixel detector Timepix


 
 
 Experimental data of the secondary radiation field and cosmic rays inside passenger aircraft in the atmosphere at airline altitudes (10-12 km) were processed. High-resolution data were measured by the semiconductor pixel detector Timepix operated in a miniaturized radiation camera MiniPIX-Timepix. The detector provides precise characterization with quantum sensitivity in terms of deposited energy and visualization of the charged particle radiation and X-ray field. The data were processed at the pre-processing and processing level with an integrated SW tool (Data Processing Engine-DPE). Results and physics data products consist of particle flux, dose rate, deposited energy, deposited dose, field composition into broad particle classes (protons, electrons, X-rays) as well as detailed visualization of the radiation field with quantum imaging registration of single-particle tracks. In this work, the detailed analysis of two measurements, as well as comparative graphs of selected results between ten flights are presented. Results of the total absorbed dose are compared with values measured also by Timepix detectors on ground and in LEO orbit onboard a satellite.
 
 

Application of polyimide films as a nuclear track detector (1): A systematic study of track registration sensitivity

This paper reports the variation of track registration sensitivity as a function of the stopping power of heavy ions in UPILEX-S® films, which is known as the most radiation tolerant polyimide (PI). The detection thresholds in the stopping power for etch pit formation are determined as 4,000, 4,100, 4,800, and 5600 keV/μm for 40Ar, 84Kr, 132Xe and 238U ions, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate the latent track structure in two kinds of PI films (UPILEX-S® and Kapton) by means of FT-IR spectroscopy. At the similar stopping power value, the radiation chemical yields (G value) for heavier ions are lower than those of lighter ions. This is due to the difference of the radial dose distribution for low and high velocity ions.

3D surgical instrument collection for computer vision and extended reality

The availability of computational hardware and developments in (medical) machine learning (MML) increases medical mixed realities’ (MMR) clinical usability. Medical instruments have played a vital role in surgery for ages. To further accelerate the implementation of MML and MMR, three-dimensional (3D) datasets of instruments should be publicly available. The proposed data collection consists of 103, 3D-scanned medical instruments from the clinical routine, scanned with structured light scanners. The collection consists, for example, of instruments, like retractors, forceps, and clamps. The collection can be augmented by generating likewise models using 3D software, resulting in an inflated dataset for analysis. The collection can be used for general instrument detection and tracking in operating room settings, or a freeform marker-less instrument registration for tool tracking in augmented reality. Furthermore, for medical simulation or training scenarios in virtual reality and medical diminishing reality in mixed reality. We hope to ease research in the field of MMR and MML, but also to motivate the release of a wider variety of needed surgical instrument datasets.

A high-resolution pixel silicon Vertex Detector for open charm measurements with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS

The study of open charm meson production provides an efficient tool for the investigation of the properties of hot and dense matter formed in nucleus–nucleus collisions. The interpretation of the existing di-muon data from the CERN SPS suffers from a lack of knowledge on the mechanism and properties of the open charm particle production. Due to this, the heavy-ion programme of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS has been extended by precise measurements of charm hadrons with short lifetimes. A new Vertex Detector for measurements of the rare processes of open charm production in nucleus–nucleus collisions was designed to meet the challenges of track registration and high resolution in primary and secondary vertex reconstruction. A small-acceptance version of the vertex detector was installed in 2016 and tested with Pb + Pb collisions at 150A,text{ GeV }!/!c. It was also operating during the physics data taking on Xe + La and Pb + Pb collisions at 150A,text{ GeV }!/!c conducted in 2017 and 2018. This paper presents the detector design and construction, data calibration, event reconstruction, and analysis procedure.

Rendering the Directional TSDF for Tracking and Multi-Sensor Registration with Point-To-Plane Scale ICP

Dense real-time tracking and mapping from RGB-D images is an important tool for many robotic applications, such as navigation and manipulation. The recently presented Directional Truncated Signed Distance Function (DTSDF) is an augmentation of the regular TSDF that shows potential for more coherent maps and improved tracking performance. In this work, we present methods for rendering depth- and color images from the DTSDF, making it a true drop-in replacement for the regular TSDF in established trackers. We evaluate the algorithm on well-established datasets and observe that our method improves tracking performance and increases re-usability of mapped scenes. Furthermore, we add color integration which notably improves color-correctness at adjacent surfaces. Our novel formulation of combined ICP with frame-to-keyframe photometric error minimization further improves tracking results. Lastly, we introduce Sim(3) point-to-plane ICP for refining pose priors in a multi-sensor scenario with different scale factors.

Tracking registration of optical see-through augmented reality based on the Riemannian manifold constraint.

Two three-dimensional tracking registration methods combined with Riemannian manifold object constraints are proposed to solve problems of low accuracy and instability of three-dimensional tracking registration in sparse and complex scenes. A deep convolution neural network is used to extract three-dimensional instance objects from the location by analyzing reasons that affect registration accuracy in sparse and complex scenes. The three-dimensional tracking registration model is established according to the Riemannian manifold constraint relationship of instance objects in different states. The stability of the three-dimensional tracking registration algorithm is improved by combining inertial sensors, and cumulative error is optimized using instance object labels to improve algorithm robustness. The proposed algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of three-dimensional tracking registration. It can improve the performance of augmented reality systems and be applied to power system navigation, medical, and other fields.