Trace Nickel Research Articles

Can Patients With Metal Hypersensitivity Requiring TMJ Total Joint Prostheses be Successfully Treated With All-Titanium Alloy Mandibular Components?

Patients with documented metal hypersensitivity to cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy with trace nickel requiring temporomandibular joint (TMJ) total joint prosthesis (TJP) may have adverse reactions to the metals in the standard TMJ Concepts TJP. This study aimed to determine if these patients can be successfully treated by eliminating CoCrMo alloy and constructing the mandibular components of all-titanium (Ti) alloy. This retrospective cohort study evaluated metal hypersensitive patients (MHG) that received the TMJ Concepts TJP modification of all-Ti alloy mandibular components with outcome results compared to a control group (CG) of non-metal-sensitive patients that received the standard TMJ Concepts prostheses. The primary predictor variables were the 2 groups, MHG and CG. Primary variables evaluated using Likert scales included TMJ pain, headache, jaw function, diet, and disability. Maximum incisal opening and quality of life were measured. Secondary variables included: age, gender, effect of the number and type of prior TMJ surgeries. Scores for pre- and postsurgery parameters (nonparametric variables) were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test (α=0.05). The MHG (n=30) received the Ti alloy TJP and CG (n=46) received the standard TJP, with statistically significant improvements in all variables in both groups and no statistically significant difference in outcome variables between the 2 groups. Patients with 0 to 1 previous TMJ surgeries had better outcomes in all parameters except maximum incisal opening compared to patients with 2 or more previous TMJ surgeries. Patients with documented hypersensitivity to CoCrMo alloy, requiring TMJ Concepts TJP may experience improvement in TMJ pain, headache, jaw function, diet, disability, jaw opening, and quality of life when the mandibular components are manufactured from all-Ti alloy, eliminating the CoCrMo alloy. The larger the number of previous TMJ surgeries and exposure to failed alloplastic implants, the less improvement in treatment outcomes.

Determination of Trace Nickel after Complexation with a Schiff Base by Switchable Solvent – Liquid Phase Microextraction (SS-LPME) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS)

The determination of trace metals is very crucial in order to identify their functionalities in the human body and help to protect human health. For this purpose, a sensitive and accurate analytical method was developed to determine nickel at trace levels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with switchable solvent based liquid phase microextraction. Experimental conditions of the method were systematically optimized to maximize the extraction yield. Nickel was complexed with a Schiff base ligand synthesized from the reaction of 1- naphthylamine and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde to obtain an insoluble and easy to extract compound. Under the optimal conditions of the developed system, analytical figures of merit were determined. The relative standard deviation for the lowest concentration in the dynamic working range was under 11% which demonstrated good precision. The enhancement in detection power recorded by the switchable solvent based liquid phase microextraction-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry compared the conventional flame atomic absorption on the basis of detection limit was approximately 40-fold. The applicability and accuracy of the developed method were investigated by spiking tap water with nickel and the recoveries were from 91 to 98%.

Tracing the toxic ions of an endodontic tricalcium silicate-based sealer in local tissues and body organs

BackgroundThis study aimed to track the toxic ions released by MTA Fillapex, BioRoot RCS, and an experimental tricalcium silicate-based sealer (CEO) into local and distant tissues as well as to investigate their potential adverse effects. In addition, the chemical constituents of the sealers were also evaluated. The main components of the dry powders, pastes, and mixed sealers were characterized. Material and methodsDry powder and sealer discs were each set for 72 h and their main components were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Polyethylene tubes filled with sealers were used to measure silicon and calcium ions. Polyethylene tubes filled with sealers or empty tubes were implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of Wistar rats. On days 7, 15, 30, and 45, the animals were euthanized and their brains, livers, kidneys, and subcutaneous tissues were removed and processed to determine the concentrations of chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, iron, magnesium and nickel using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. ResultsThe main compounds in all sealers were carbon, oxygen, silicon, and calcium. MTA Fillapex release more Si while highest levels of Si were found in presence of BioRoot. The release of Si and Ca ions promoted by MTA Fillapex raise by time. No traces of cobalt, chromium, or magnesium were detected in any tissue. Irrespective of the sealer, no traces of copper and lead were found in the subcutaneous tissue; however, they were observed in the organs. The highest concentration of iron was identified in the liver. All sealers exhibited similar nickel traces in the brain, kidney, and liver except for MTA Fillapex, which demonstrated levels higher than CEO in the subcutaneous tissue on day 7. Tracing nickel ions over time revealed that lowest concentrations were found in subcutaneous tissue. ConclusionTaken together, our data demonstrate that CEOs have chemical compositions similar to those of other commercial sealers. Furthermore, none of them exhibited a threat to systemic health. Moreover, the minimal amounts of iron and nickel detected were not related to the sealers.

A Nonlinear Integrated Modeling Method of Extended Kalman Filter Based on Adaboost Algorithm.

In the zinc hydrometallurgical purification process, the concentration ratio of zinc ion to trace nickel ion is as high as 105, so that the nickel spectral signal is completely covered by high concentration zinc signal, resulting in low sensitivity and nonlinear characteristics of nickel spectral signal. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to detect nickel in zinc sulfate solution, this paper proposes a nonlinear integrated modeling method of extended Kalman filter based on Adaboost algorithm. First, a non-linear nickel model is established based on nickel standard solution. Second, an extended Kalman filter wavelength optimization method based on correlation coefficient is proposed to select wavelength variables with high signal sensitivity, large amount of information and strong nonlinear correlation. Finally, a nonlinear integrated modeling method based on Adaboost algorithm is proposed, which uses extended Kalman filter as a basic submodel, and realizes the stable detection of trace nickel through the weighted combination of multiple basic models. The results show that the average relative error of this method for detecting nickel is 4.56%, which achieves accurate detection of trace nickel in zinc sulfate solution.

Toward applications of near-field radiative heat transfer with micro-hotplates

Bringing bodies close together at sub-micron distances can drastically enhance radiative heat transfer, leading to heat fluxes greater than the blackbody limit set by Stefan–Boltzmann law. This effect, known as near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT), has wide implications for thermal management in microsystems, as well as technological applications such as direct heat to electricity conversion in thermophotovoltaic cells. Here, we demonstrate NFRHT from microfabricated hotplates made by surface micromachining of hbox {SiO}_2/hbox {SiN} thin films deposited on a sacrificial amorphous Si layer. The sacrificial layer is dry etched to form wide membranes ({100},upmu hbox {m} times {100},upmu hbox {m}) separated from the substrate by nanometric distances. Nickel traces allow both resistive heating and temperature measurement on the micro-hotplates. We report on two samples with measured gaps of {610},hbox {nm} and {280},hbox {nm}. The membranes can be heated up to {250},^{circ }hbox {C} under vacuum with no mechanical damage. At {120},^{circ }hbox {C} we observed a 6.4-fold enhancement of radiative heat transfer compared to far-field emission for the smallest gap and a 3.5-fold enhancement for the larger gap. Furthermore, the measured transmitted power exhibits an exponential dependence with respect to gap size, a clear signature of NFRHT. Calculations of photon transmission probabilities indicate that the observed increase in heat transfer can be attributed to near-field coupling by surface phonon-polaritons supported by the hbox {SiO}_2 films. The fabrication process presented here, relying solely on well-established surface micromachining technology, is a key step toward integration of NFRHT in industrial applications.

An agarose based optical membrane sensor for selective monitoring of trace nickel ions

In this paper, a new highly selective optical sensor was prepared by epoxy activation of agarose membrane pieces and chemical immobilization of 1-p-tolyl-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)triaz-1-ene 1-oxide on it. The absorbance variation of immobilized triazene derivative on agarose as a film upon the addition of 1.5 × 10−5 mol L-1 aqueous solutions of Zn2+, Tl+, Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, CrO42-, Ni2+, Cu2+, H3BO3, Mg2+, Na+, Pb2+, S2O32-, Sn2+, Mn2+, Ce3+, Ag+, Ba2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Fe3+ and KIO3 revealed substantiality higher changes for the Ni2+ ion compared to other considered ions. Thus, using a triazene derivative as an appropriate ionophore, a selective optical sensor for Ni2+ was prepared by its chemical immobilization on a transparent agarose membrane. The concentration effects of the reagent, pH, and time duration of reaction in immobilizing the ligand were investigated. A distinct change for the absorbance maximum of the ligand was found via contact between the sensing membrane with Ni2+ions at pH = 5.75. For the membrane sensor, a linear relationship was observed between the variance in membrane absorbance (ΔA) at 332 nm and Ni2+ concentrations in a range from 6.28 × 10−5 to 2.80 × 10-10 mol L-1 with a detection limit (3σ) of 1 × 10-10 mol L-1 for Ni2+. The effects of some potentially interfering ions on determining Ni2+ were investigated and no considerable interference was found. The sensor indicated a short response time and decent durability with no reagent leaching trace. The sensor was effectively regenerated by an EDTA solution, and its response was reversible and reproducible with R.S.D. less than 1.7 %. This optode was used to determine Ni2+ in synthetic and environmental water samples.

Micro-spectrophotometric determination of nickel in Gentiana rigescens after switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based ultrasound-assisted liquid phase microextraction

In this work, switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based ultrasound-assisted liquid phase microextraction (SHS-UA-LPME) was combined with micro-volume UV-vis spectrophotometry for the determination of trace nickel in the medicinal plant Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl. (G. rigescens) samples for the first time. Micro-volume spectrophotometry has the characteristics of microanalysis, economy and low operation cost, which is feasible to be combined with miniaturized enrichment method. Dipropylamine (DPA) as a switchable solvent completed the extraction during the phase conversion process. It was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic under the action of HCl, and then completed phase transition under the action of NaOH. The parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the enhancement factor (EF), the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 7) were 28, 0.02 µg/L, 0.067 µg/L and 1.4%, respectively. The established method was applied to the determination of G. rigescens samples collected from the local field with satisfactory results.

Nickel and tattoos: Where are we?

Tattoos are not mentioned as a source of exposure to nickel. Traces of nickel are, however, almost inevitably found in tattoo inks as impurities and sometimes in tattooed skin. Whether nickel in tattoos has any health consequence is debated. We performed a narrative review of what is currently known about this topic. Today, nickel is frequently detected in inks, but at highly variable levels. It appears to be at higher concentrations in green, blue, and sometimes brown and violet inks. Only nickel allergy in tattooed individuals and nickel-associated tattoo ink allergy are addressed in the literature. Reports of tattoo ink allergy related to nickel are rare and heterogenous. Authors often neglect possible implications of other metals or dyes. A positive patch test is not enough to confirm the role of nickel in a reaction observed after tattooing. We found no report of any systemic complication attributed to nickel from tattoos. The Council of Europe ResAP(2008)1 bans the presence of nickel at high levels in tattoo inks, which is a safety net for individuals with nickel allergy. Large epidemiologic case-control studies with systematic biopsies on normal and inflamed tattoos and patch testing would help to understand the role of nickel in tattoo ink allergies.

Development a simple and sensitive method for determination low trace of nickel by local surface plasmon resonance of citrate capped silver nanoparticles

Nickel is a toxic transition metal which can create serious problems in health of humans and wildlife. Thus determination of nickel in environmental samples like waters is important and inevitable. In this research a simple and sensitive method for determination of nickel in water was described based on aggregation of citrate capped silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride. Cefixime was as chelating agent in the assay and when nickel was added to the mixture of citrate capped silver nanoparticles and cefixime, color of citrate capped silver nanoparticles changed from light yellow to red that depend on Ni2+ concentration. As a result of aggregation, local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of silver nanoparticles around 395 nm decreased and a new peak appeared in 550 nm. Control experiments with 10 other ions carried out and did not a distinct change in color or spectrum. Under optimized conditions, linear relationship between Ni2+ concentrations and the absorbance ratio of A550/A395 and limit of detection were found in the range of 2.70 µmol L-1 to 17.10 µmol L-1 and 0.80 µmol L-1, respectively. The method was applied in tap and well waters that indicate the colorimetric method has acceptable accuracy and good stability.

An Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Nickel in Environmental Samples Coupled with Spectrophotometry

A new, simple, rapid, sensitive and environmentally friendly ultrasound-assisted emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UAE-DLLME) has been developed for trace nickel Ni(II) separation and preconcentration in environmental samples prior to spectrophotometric determination. The proposed method based on using non-ionic water-soluble surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) as a disperser solvent and tetrachloroethylene as an extractive solvent. A 6-(1,3-thiazolylazo)-2-nitrophenol (TANP) as complexing agent was used for complexation of Ni(II) at pH 7.0. The influence of various variables on the performance of the UAE-DLLME method was optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the rage of 1.0-300 μg L-1. The detection and quantitation limits of the method were determined as 0.3 and 1.0 μg L-1, respectively. The preconcentration factor and enhancement factor were obtained as 60 and 45. Relative standard deviation (RSD %) as precision at 100 and 200 µg L-1 of Ni(II) were 1.4 and 2.1%, respectively (n=10). The validation of the developed method was proved by analysis of certified reference materials. Finally, the developed UAE-DLLME microextraction method was applied to preconcentrate and determine of trace levels of Ni(II) in real water, food and tobacco samples with satisfactory results.

Separation/enrichment of Nickel(II) using Potassium Bromide-PAN-Phenolphthalein System

Separation/enrichment of nickel( II) using potassium bromide-PAN-phenolphthalein system is reported. Various factors affecting the separation/enrichment of nickel( II) are studied, the separation/enrichment of nickel( II) mechanism is deduced. The results show that by contolling pH 6.0, the chelate precipitate of Ni( II)- PAN formed form nickel( II) and PAN could be adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline phenolphthalein to form liquid-solid phases with a clear interface under the best conditions, while Mn2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ are not adsorbed in this condition. So, the separation of Ni2+ form these metal ions is achieved. The method for the separation/enrichment of trace nickel is established. This method was applied to the quantitative separation/enrichment of trace Ni2+ in synthetic water, and the results are satisfactory.

A new microextraction method for trace nickel determination in green tea samples: Solventless dispersion based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with slotted quartz tube- flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry

In this study, a simple and novel analytical approach was developed in order to determine nickel at trace levels. For this purpose, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method based on solventless dispersion of extraction solvent was developed to separate/preconcentrate nickel from aqueous solution. Combination of the DLLME method with slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (SQT-FAAS) lowered the analyte’s detection limit. In the DLLME method, the extraction solvent was dispersed into aqueous solution by generating fine droplets through air assisted spraying in order to reduce organic solvent consumption and avoid relative error by reducing multiple operation steps. Complexation of nickel(II) was done by using a Schiff Base synthesized from the reaction between 3,5- dibromosalicylaldehyde and 2-aminophenol. All experimental parameters were optimized comprehensively by the step-by-step approach in order to determine optimum conditions to get maximum absorbance values. Under the optimum conditions, analytical performance values were examined, and limit of detection values were obtained as 286 ng mL-1 for FAAS, 137 ng mL-1 for SQT-FAAS, 7.9 ng mL-1 for DLLME-FAAS and 3.9 ng mL-1 for DLLME-SQT-FAAS. The enhancement in detection power was obtained as 82-folds over the detection limit of the conventional FAAS system. Chinese green tea sample was used in recovery studies to check applicability and accuracy of the developed method. Recovery results were close to 100 % with low standard deviation values (n = 4) and this showed that the method appropriate for the selected matrix.

Preconcentration of trace nickel lons from aqueous solutions by using a new and low cost chelating polystyrene adsorbent

A simple and reliable method has been developed using chelating polymeric adsorbent (PSAHSB) to preconcentration of trace amount of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions under static loading conditions, and their determination by Ultraviolet and visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The influences of some analytical adsorption parameters, such as pH, temperature and contact time, the ionization constants of chelating groups in the adsorbent and desorption process were investigated. Maximum adsorption ≥98% was achieved at pH 3–7 after 20 min of contact time and the relative standard-deviation values were ≤5%. Adsorbed metal ions have been desorbed with 10 mL of 2 M HCl acid with the detection limit of 0.0157 μg m−1. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations were used to describe adsorption behavior of the system at different temperatures. Kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of the adsorbent for Ni(II) ion preconcentration was also studied. The possible adsorption mechanism of Ni (II) ions onto modified adsorbent is also discussed. This method was applied efficiently to remove Ni (II) ions from environmental water samples.

Determination of trace nickel in chamomile tea and coffee samples by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using a Schiff base ligand

In the present study, an accurate and selective preconcentration/extraction method was developed for the determination of nickel at trace levels. Slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS) combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was used to obtain a very low detection limit for nickel. A Schiff base ligand derived from the reaction of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine was used for the formation of a coordinate nickel complex. Under the determined experimental conditions, the detection and quantification limits of the DLLME-SQT-FAAS system were calculated as 4.9 and 16.4 ng/mL, respectively. Satisfactory analytical performance values of the SQT-FAAS, DLMME-FAAS and DLLME-SQT-FAAS methods were obtained and 1.8, 32.0, 66.4-fold enhancements in detection power were respectively obtained over the conventional FAAS system. The percent recovery ranges obtained for two different spike concentrations were 88.1–113.2% and 102.1–120.2% for coffee and chamomile tea samples, respectively.

The role of nickel traces in fine chemicals for hydrodechlorination reactions with zero-valent iron

Two different types of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) were synthesized according to the same standard procedure: reduction of dissolved Fe(II) with sodium borohydride – one starting from a commercial iron salt having pro analysi (p.a.) purity, and another from microscale iron with an extraordinary degree of purity, derived from the decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. The ZVI samples exhibited similar hydrodechlorination activities towards hexachlorobenzene as an example for higher chlorinated aromatics and carbon tetrachloride as an aliphatic model substance. However, only the sample derived from the iron salt (p.a.) was able to dechlorinate monochlorobenzene (MCB) at a measurable rate whereas the nZVI derived from the very pure precursor (nZVIpure) did not show this ability. Closer inspection lead us to the finding that the observed activity could be attributed to a Ni content as small as 0.005 wt-% of the former nZVI sample which was named nZVIimpure accordingly. It was demonstrated that such a small amount of Ni develops its catalytic activity for the hydrodechlorination of MCB only under acidic conditions. Although acidic conditions might not be common for studies with ZVI, higher Ni contents (e.g. of reagent grade iron sources) could have an influence under ambient conditions.

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) production in the province of Al-Hoceima (Morocco) and their physico-chemical characterization by mill types

The purpose of the present work is to establish a state of the production of waste from olive oil mills in the province of Al-Hoceima and to evaluate the physico-chemical quality of three different types of mills (traditional mills, semi-modern, and modern units) used in the region. The results of the physico-chemical analysis of OMW for these three mill types showed an acidic pH with an average value of 4.7. They are also rich in organic matter with an average COD of 159.57 g of O2/L, including a remarkable value for the traditional mill on the order of 213.44 g of O2/L, and an average BOD5 on the order of 70.33 g of O2/L. Electrical conductivity, suspended solids, oil grass, polyphenols and chloride content were exhibited average values of 17.34 ms/cm, 6.14 g/L, 0.93 g/L, 4.3 g/L, and 6.1 g cl−/L, respectively. We also assessed the degree of metal pollution of the OMW; the results obtained showed a total absence of Cadmium and Zinc with a few traces of Nickel in all units, and Lead found only in the semi-modern units.

A simple dilution method for the direct determination of trace nickel in crude oil with a miniaturized electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer

A simple procedure for the direct determination of trace nickel in crude oil samples has been proposed using a miniaturized electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer (ETAAS).

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry coupled to cation exchange chromatography for the determination of trace nickel in alkaline electrolyte

Cone corrosion by alkaline solutions with flow injection is prevented using cation-exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Determination of Trace Nickel in Spinach Samples Using the Combination of Vortex-assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent-based Liquid Phase Microextraction and Slotted Quartz Tube - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Determination of Trace Nickel in Spinach Samples Using the Combination of Vortex-assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent-based Liquid Phase Microextraction and Slotted Quartz Tube - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Conditions for Nickel Determination in Water and Vegetables by Switchable Solvent based Liquid Phase Microextraction

A novel switchable-hydrophilicity solvent based liquid phase microextraction coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been applied for preconcentration and determination of Ni(II). Triethylamine (TEA) was selected as an inexpensive switchable solvent in the present work. Ni(II)-1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol complex was extracted into the TEA phase by converting the protonated carbonate to TEA. The experimental conditions were optimized using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken design methods. Such analytical parameters as the limit of detection, relative standard deviation and enhancement factor were 3 μg/L, 1.1% and 70, respectively. The calibration graph was linear over the range of 10 to 800 μg/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.998. The proposed method was successfully applied to the quantification of trace nickel in water and vegetable samples.