Toxin Binder Research Articles

Ameliorating effects of organic and inorganic mycotoxin binders on the performance of Ossimi sheep.

This investigation is an endeavor to prevent or limit the negative effects resulted of ingesting diets contaminated with a combination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA). This experiment aimed to evaluate the efficacy of supplementing diets with organic, inorganic and/or mixed toxin binders, throughout a feeding and digestibility trials, to relieve mycotoxins' negative effect towards maintaining the productive and reproductive performance of Ossimi ewes and their offspring. One hundred Ossimi ewes averaged 38.97 ± 0.55 kg body weight and aged 3 to 4 years were chosen, 30 days before the expected lambing date and divided randomly into five equal groups (20 each). The first group received an uncontaminated diet and served as a negative control (NC). The second group fed a diet contaminated with AFB1 mixed with OTA and served as a positive control (PC), while the third group fed contaminated diets and supplemented with organic toxin binder (OB). The fourth group fed contaminated diet supplemented with inorganic toxin binder (IOB) and the fifth group fed contaminated diet and supplemented with a mixture of OB and IOB (OB+IOB).The results showed that PC group had decrease in levels of digestibility coefficients, feeding values, milk production, feed intake, serum total protein, albumin, glucose and cholesterol while had increase of ALT, AST and urea concentrations. The decrease of ewes’ body weight was associated with increased age at 1st estrous post-lambing versus decreasing the fertility parameters of the PC group. Besides, there was a decrease in thyroid hormones and antioxidant activities versus the increase in malondialdehyde concentrations. In the same group, changes in ewes’ body weight decreased, while the feed conversion ratio increased with the PC group compared to the NC control group. Whereas, all treatments tested in the current study could reverse the mycotoxin-induced effects significantly and restore the normal levels of animals. In conclusion, IOB alone, or the mixture of OB+IOB, can be added to ewes’ diets for the relief of symptoms induced by mycotoxin.

Effect of dietary supplementation of bentonite and yeast cell wall on serum endotoxin, inflammatory parameters, serum and milk aflatoxin in high-producing dairy cows during the transition period

Twenty-four Holstein cows were randomly allocated to four equal experimental groups containing a control (n = 6) and three treatment (n = 6) groups. Experimental animals were selected according to their average milk yield, weight, and body condition score. The experimental groups received basal diet + Saccharomyces Cerevisiae cell wall (SCW) (group 1), basal diet + bentonite + SCW (group 2), basal diet + bentonite (group 3), and basal diet (control), on a dry matter basis (group 4). Blood samples were taken 4, 3, and 1 week prior to and 1 and 3 weeks following parturition. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and concentration of aflatoxin B1 in ration and M1 in milk and blood were determined during the transition period. The results showed that LPS concentration in blood was in the normal range in all groups. The acute-phase proteins (Hp and SAA) were in the normal range as well. The concentration of aflatoxin M1 in the serum of the control group was higher than other groups, yet lower in the group receiving toxin binders (p < 0.05). The mean aflatoxin M1 concentration in milk was the lowest in the group receiving SCW (p < 0.05). Similarly, the concentration of aflatoxin M1 in milk was the highest in the control group (p < 0.05). The study also showed that the levels of endotoxin in ration of different groups resulted from our experimental diet were not high enough to stimulate APP response. It was further observed that SCW might be able to reduce the level of aflatoxin in serum and milk. The results obtained from our study may lead to a better understanding of using dietary supplements, such as bentonite and yeast cell wall, during the transitional period. Moreover, the study may contribute to our knowledge on simultaneous LPS and toxin binders for providing more safe food during the transition period in cattle.

Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins by Liposome-Supported Peritoneal Dialysis.

Background:Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are poorly cleared by peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study aimed to enhance PBUT removal in PD by adding a binder to the peritoneal dialysate and to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of liposome-supported PD (LSPD) to increase the removal of PBUTs compared with albumin PD.Methods:Removal of p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and indole-3-acetic acid (3-IAA) was first evaluated in an in vitro PD model using artificial plasma preloaded with test solutes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were then subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy and fed for 16 weeks to establish end-stage renal failure, after which they were treated with either conventional glucose-based PD, albumin-based PD, or liposome-based PD. Removal of PBUTs and small water-soluble solutes was determined during a 6-hour PD dwell.Results:In vitro experiments showed that adding albumin as a toxin binder to the dialysate markedly increased the removal of PCS, IS, and 3-IAA compared with the control. The uptake capacity of liposomes was comparable with that of albumin for PCS and 3-IAA, though slightly inferior for IS. In vivo PD in uremic rats demonstrated that LSPD resulted in higher intraperitoneal concentrations and more total mass removal for PBUTs than the conventional glucose-based PD, which was comparable with albumin PD.Conclusions:Supplementing conventional glucose-based PD solutions with a binder could efficiently increase the removal of PBUTs. This preliminary study suggested that LSPD may be a promising alternative to albumin PD for increasing PBUT removal in the development of next-generation PD solutions for PD patients.

Aluminosilicates and yeast-based mycotoxin binders: Their ameliorated effects on growth, immunity and serum chemistry in broilers fed aflatoxin and ochratoxin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial toxin binders on growth performance, organ morphology, immunity and serum biochemistry in broilers. Dietary treatments consisted of the negative control (NC): experimental diet with aflatoxin B1 <20 parts per billion (ppb), ochratoxin A (OTA) <5 ppb; control (C) experimental diet without toxin binder; Z1: toxin binder 1 g/kg of zeta plus; Z2: toxin binder 2 g/kg of zeta plus; TX1: toxin binder 1 g/kg of Toxfin Dry; and TX2: toxin binder 2 g/kg of Toxfin Dry). Except for NC, all diets contained 57 ppb aflatoxin B 1 and 23 ppb ochratoxin A. Feed intake was higher in the TX1, TX2, NC, Z2 and Z1 treatments than in the control. Weight gain was higher in Z2, TX2, Z1, TX1 and NC than in C. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poor in C. The control had the highest liver weight, though the weights of the spleen, kidneys and hearts of the birds were similar in all treatments. Gizzard weight, thymus weight, and bursa of Fabricius were lowest in C. The weight of the pancreas was similar among treatments. The antibody titres against new castle disease were higher in treatments Z2, Z1, TX2, TX1 and NC than in C. Urea and creatinine concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase activity in serum were similar among treatments, whereas the serum alanine transaminase activity was higher in C than in Z1, TX1, TX2, Z2 and NC. It was concluded that growth rate, FCR and immunity indices were improved in broilers fed toxin binder. At lower levels of mycotoxin in feed, 1 g/kg of toxin binder (clay based or yeast based) was sufficient to ameliorate the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 and OTA, whereas at higher levels of mycotoxins, supplementation of toxin binder should be increased. Keywords: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, carcass characteristics, growth performance, toxin binders, urea, creatinine

Effect of toxin binders on immunity and aflatoxin M1 residues in milk in buffaloes

To investigate the effect of dietary toxin binders on AFM1 and immunity in buffaloes 48 Murrah buffaloes in same lactating phase were divided into 4 groups, viz. control (C), T1, T2 and T3 (toxin binder fed buffaloes) comprising of 12 animals each. The average milk AFM1 concentration decreased slightly in control group while marked decrease was found in T1 group throughout the experiment. The average milk SCC showed non significant increase in all the groups. Serum IgG concentration in control group decreased significantly from day 0 to day 45, while in groups T1, T2 and T3 there was significant increase, whereas no significant difference in serum IgG concentration was observed between the groups. The average serum total protein concentration in all the groups from day 7 through day 15, 30 and 45 was almost similar and within reference range. There was no significant difference between the groups. The average serum SGOT level was significant between the days in all the groups. The average SGPT concentration between the days was non significant in control and T1 groups and significant decrease was observed in T2 and T3 groups. The SGPT concentration was highly significant between control and T1, T2, T3 groups, respectively. The results suggested that feeding of toxin binder is effective in reducing AFM1 in milk at the dose rate of 50 mg/day having composition of exal 44.44% + bentonite 55.56% indicating that it provides a potential protective mechanism against aflatoxin exposure and also some alterations in biochemical parameters and IgG.

Comparative evaluation of aflatoxin and mineral binding activity of molecular imprinted polymer designed for dummy template using in vitro and in vivo models

The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in ducklings was examined by feeding molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized to target the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) analog molecule [5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin (DMC)] as a smart and novel toxin binder in comparison to a commercial toxin binder (CTB). MIP was characterized with some techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) that showed morphology and thermal resistance of MIP, respectively. The SEM showed that more pores and big cavities were formed in the network of the MIP. TGA plots of MIP showed dehydration at temperatures of about 31 °C–200 °C and gradual decomposition until 300 °C. The in vitro and in vivo ability of MIP and CTB to adsorb some minerals (Ca, Cu, Mg, P and Zn) was evaluated. The in vivo efficacy of MIP as an aflatoxins (AFs) binder in duckling exposed to aflatoxin-contaminated feed from 4 to 18 d of age was also compared to that of the CTB. A total of 240 4-d-old ducklings were assigned to experimental diets. Each diet was replicated four times with 10 birds in each pen, and the initial body weight classes were considered as blocks. The experimental treatment diets included: 1- Control (basal diet without any additive or AFs), 2- MIP (5 g/kg diet), 3- CTB (5 g/kg diet), 4- AFs (0.2 mg/kg diet), 5- AFs + MIP (0.2 mg/kg + 5 g/kg diet), and 6- AFs + CTB (0.2 mg/kg + 5 g/kg diet). In vitro study may clearly reflect the possibility of adsorbing minerals by CTB as compared to MIP whilst the results were not confirmed by in vivo study and it seems that reduction in plasma levels of minerals is related to the adverse effects of AFs. Livers showed histopathological alterations, with bile-duct proliferation of all aflatoxin fed ducklings. Macroscopic study indicated liver of birds fed diets containing AFs showed abnormal signs including yellowish, friable and rounded shape without protective effect of MIP and CTB. The results obtained from in vivo study indicate the partial alleviation of the adverse effects of AFs in ducklings by dietary supplementation of MIP and CTB (5 g/kg) on plasma albumin, Zn, Mg and Ca.

Effects of dietary inclusion of commercial toxin binders and prebiotics on performance and immune responses of broiler chicks fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the dietary inclusion of commercial toxin binders (CTs) and prebiotics on growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and blood variables of broiler chicks fed with aflatoxin and non-aflatoxin-contaminated diets. Six hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks, initial weight of 42 ± 3 g, were used in 10 treatments with six replications (n = 10 birds). ASRI1 and ASRI2 commercial toxin binders and lactose prebiotic were included in their diets. Experimental diets included: 1) basal diet without aflatoxin and additives (NC); 2) basal diet containing aflatoxin (PC); 3) NC diet containing ARSI1; 4) NC diet containing ARSI2; 5) NC diet containing prebiotics; 6) PC diet containing ARSI1; 7) PC diet containing ARSI2; 8) PC diet containing prebiotics; 9) PC diet containing ARSI1+prebiotics; and 10) PC diet containing ARSI2+prebiotics. Growth performance, humoral and cellular immune responses, jejunal morphology and some blood variables were assessed. Results showed that broiler chicks fed with a PC diet showed a higher feed conversion ratio and lower body weight in the grower and finisher periods. Broiler chicks fed with PC diets showed lower immunoglobulin G and M and also cellular immunities compared to the NC diet. The PC group also showed lower values for villus length, villus width and crypt depth, and higher values for liver enzyme activities compared to the PC diet. However, dietary inclusion of prebiotics and CTs, in single and combined form, improved growth performance in grower and finisher periods, cellular and humoral immunities, intestinal morphology and the serum concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and liver enzyme activities of broiler chicks fed with aflatoxin. Keywords: Aflatoxin, ASRI1 toxin binder, broiler chicks, growth performance, humoral immunity

English

The potency of four varieties of toxin binders (labeled A, B, C and D) on the physiological status of broiler birds fed with diets infected with aflatoxin was investigated. Six experimental diets were formulated: Diet 1 was infected with aflatoxin without binders, Diets 2 to 5 were infected but binders A, B, C or D were added, while Diet 6 was the control diet without infection. 180 birds were equally and randomly assigned to the 6 treatments and raised for 8 weeks. Their weights and feed consumptions were monitored. After eight weeks, 3 birds per replicate were randomly selected, starved and slaughtered. Their organs were obtained and weighed. Their blood and liver samples were collected for histological examination. Only the animals fed with control diet had significant difference (p 0.05) among blood parameters. Histological observation of liver revealed inflammation of hepatocyte. Conclusively, the use of activated charcoal as toxin binder gave optimum performance compared to the other binders. Key words: Aflatoxin, infected feed, physiology, toxin-binder.

Evaluation of three mycotoxin binders to prevent the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 in growing broilers

ABSTRACT Aflatoxins are a major problem in poultry production and are significant economic and public health burdens worldwide. Three commercial mycotoxin binders (TXB) were used to determine their efficacy in preventing the toxic effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on broiler productivity, biochemical and hematological parameters, and liver function. A total of 600 day-old broilers were randomly allotted to 12 treatments in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement with 3 levels of AFB1 (0, 2, and 4 µg/g) and 4 TXB (no toxin binder, 1.0 g/kg Mycosorb, 1.0 g/kg Formycin, and 20.0 g/kg Anzymit) with 5 replicates of 10 chicks each per treatment. Results indicated that AFB1, in comparison with the control, caused a significant decrease in feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, and hematological values. Serum proteins (globulin, albumin, and total protein) and serum Ca and P concentrations followed the same pattern. Relative weights of the heart, gizzard and liver, and AST activity in serum were increased in a dose-dependent manner, but ALT activity was not statistically affected by AFB1. Adding TXB to the AFB1 contaminated diet increased weight gain, feed efficiency, hematological values and serum proteins. The commercial mycotoxin binders decreased AST and ALT activities, but did not have a significant effect on the relative organs weight and serum Ca and P concentrations. Neither AFB1 nor commercial toxin binders affected total cholesterol, LDL, or HDL in this study. It was concluded that the addition of the commercial toxin binders to the AFB1 containing diets reduced the adverse effects of AFB1 and could be helpful as a solution to the aflatoxicosis problem in young broiler chicks.

Effect of aflatoxin B1 alone or co-administered with Mycotox NG on the renal function and morphology of turkey broilers.

The changes in relative weight of kidneys, blood plasma uric acid, urea, creatinine, calcium and inorganic phosphate, and the morphology of kidneys were investigated in turkey broilers with experimentally induced aflatoxicosis B1 (AFB1) treated or not with a mycosorbent (Mycotox NB). Experiments were carried out with 60 7-day-old female turkey broilers (meat TM strain) divided into one control and five treatment groups (n=10): Group I – control (0 mg/kg AFB1 not supplemented with Mycotox NG); Group II (0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG), Group III (0.2 mg/kg AFB1), Group IV (0.4 mg/kg AFB1), Group V (0.2 mg/kg AFB1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG) and Group VI (0.4 mg/kg AFB1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG). The changes in blood parameters were assayed on day 21 and 42. Blood analysis in groups III and IV on day 21 showed increased urea and creatinine concentrations and reduction in blood uric acid, calcium and inorganic phosphate. These changes tended to become more pronounced on day 42. The relative weight of kidneys was increased in groups III and IV after the end of the experiment. Morphological alterations of renal parenchyma in Groups I and II were not present. In birds from group III, desquamation of epithelial cells from the basement membrane, dilated glomerular subcapsular space and round-cell proliferation were noted. In Group V, these changes were far more severe and comprised granular and fatty dystrophy, karyolysis and plasmolysis, necrobiotic to necrotic processes, haemorrhages, congestion. The supplementation of the feed of groups V and VI with the tested toxin binder reduced the severity of reduction of kidneys’ relative weight, magnitude of changes in blood parameters, and the frequency and severity of histological lesions.

Effects of Clinoptilolite on the Digestibility of Nutrients and Relative Organ Weights in Rat Diets

This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary clinoptilolite on nutrient digestibility and relative organ weights in rats. In this study, 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates, according to a randomized split plots design. In addition to a control group (0% clinoptilolit), 3 levels of clinoptilolite (2%, 4%, and 6%) were used in the diets, and the rats were fed (individually in cages) these diets for 56 days. Statistically significant differences were found among the groups for the digestibility rates of nutrients (P<0.05), except for crude fibre (CF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). The addition of clinoptilolite in rats’ feeds reduced the digestibility of crude fibre, crude ash (CA), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), but increased the digestibility of other nutrients. Slaughter live, organs (liver, kidney, heart, and stomach) and relative organ weights were not affected significantly by the clinoptilolite contents (P>0.05). In conclusion, clinoptilolites can be used in animal feed as natural toxin binders when stored under suitable conditions.

Dietary inclusion of commercial toxin binders and probiotics alleviate adverse effects of aflatoxin on growth performance, immune responses, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of dietary inclusion of commercial toxin binders and probiotics on performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diets. A total of 420 1-d-old broiler chicks, initial weight of 42 ±Â 3 g, were assigned to 7 treatments with 5 replications (n = 12). Experimental treatments included 1) non aflatoxin contaminated diet (NC), 2) aflatoxin-contaminated diet (PC), 3) PC diet containing probiotic, 4) PC diet containing ASRI1 toxin binder, 5) PC diet containing ASRI2 toxin binder, 6) PC diet containing probiotic+ASRI1 toxin binder, 7) PC diet containing probiotic+ASRI2 toxin binder. Humoral and cellular immunity, performance, intestinal morphology, and blood biochemistry parameters were evaluated. Results showed that body weight and feed conversion ratio were respectively higher and lower in the NC group compared with the PC group in the grower and finisher periods. Humoral and cellular immunity was reduced in broiler chicks receiving the PC diet compared with the NC diet (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of liver enzymes were significantly increased in broiler chicks fed with NC diets (P < 0.05) compared with the PC diet groups. However, dietary inclusion of probiotics, commercial toxin binders and especially the combination of commercial toxin binders and probiotics could significantly alleviate adverse effects of aflatoxin on performance, immunity and some blood biochemistry parameters. It can be concluded that inclusion of a combination of probiotic and toxin binders to the diet is an efficient strategy in alleviating the negative effects of aflatoxin on broiler performance and health.

Aflatoxin M1 in Nili-ravi buffaloes and its detoxification using organic and inorganic toxin binders

The present study had two objectives: first, to determine the carry over or excretion percentage of aflatoxin B1 (AFBI) in milk in form of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and second, to assess the reduction in excretion of AFM1 in milk using different organic and inorganic toxin binders available in Pakistani market. Lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n=16) were randomly selected and were divided into four treatment groups designated as A, B, C and D. In each treatment 500 μg/Kg of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was fed along with no sequestering agent added (control); and three toxin binders: Fixar Viva in group B, Mycosorb in group C and T5X in group D. These toxin binders were added at concentration of 0.25% of dry matter intake of animal. It resulted in 2.13% carryover in milk as AFM1. A significant reduction (P&lt;0.05) in dry matter intake, milk production, milk fat and protein percentage was also observed by feeding AFB1. Addition of three toxin binders Mycosorb, Fixar Viva, and T5X at a concentration of 0.25% in ration resulted in 47%, 39%, and 35% reduction in AFM1 secretion respectively. The present study also indicated that percentage carryover ofAFM1 in buffaloes is higher than that reported in lactating cows as well as in goats and Mycosorb is capable of reducing the excretion of AFM1 into milk by improving the dry matter intake, milk production and protein contents. These findings may be applicable in field to reduce AFM1 release in milk of Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

Effects of yeast based toxin binder supplementation on growth performance and intestinal microarchitecture in male buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) exposed to different concentrations of Aflatoxin B1.

The purpose of study was to analyze the effects of yeast based toxin binder (YTB) on growth performance and intestinal microarchitecture of buffalo calves exposed to different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Male buffalo calves (n=72) having no disease exposure in the last four months, aged 10 ± 1 months and weighing 150 ± 12.22 kg (Mean ± standard deviation)were purchased from a buffalo calf fattening farm and divided in 8 equal groups (n=9 animals in each group). Animals that were fed common basal diet and basal diet along with yeast cell wall based toxin binder (YTB) and had no exposure to AFB1 were served as controls. Different concentrations of AFB1 (6mg, 8mg and 10mg per kg of feed) were given to 27 animals, similarly 2mg of YTB (per kg of contaminated feed) was added to concentrate with different AFB1 concentrations and fed to another 27 animals. Average daily gain of each animal was recorded. Animals were slaughtered after 27 days and intestinal segments from duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were collected which were stained with hematoxylin/eosin or combined alcian blue and periodic acid schiff stain. Average daily gain and intestinal morphometric parameters (villus height, villus width, crypt depth and surface area) in all the selected intestinal segments decreased (P&lt;0.05) whereas, intraepithelial lymphocytes, goblet cells (having acidic and neutral mucins) and proliferative cells increased (P&lt;0.05) with AFB1 exposure. It was also observed that YTB neutralized (P&lt;0.05) the harmful effects of AFB1 on intestinal morphology, boosted activity of goblet cells and decreased (P&lt;0.05) number of proliferative cells. It was concluded that YTB supplementation is advantageous in eliminating the negative effects of AFB1 on gut of buffalo calves.

English

English

In Vivo Assessment of Gamma Rays, Electron-beam Irradiation plus a Commercial Toxin Binder (Milbond-TX) As an Anti-Aflatoxin B1 in a Chicken Model

In Vivo Assessment of Gamma Rays, Electron-beam Irradiation plus a Commercial Toxin Binder (Milbond-TX) As an Anti-Aflatoxin B1 in a Chicken Model

Effects of biological and mineral compounds in aflatoxin-contaminated diets on blood parameters and immune response of broiler chickens

ABSTRACTFour hundred broiler chicks were allocated to eight treatments and five replicates in a completely randomized design for 7–42 days. Treatments included basal diet (NC), NC + 1 mg/kg aflatoxin (PC), PC + 1 kg/ton Toxeat® (a toxin binder), PC + Lactobacillus strains (L), PC + Bacillus subtilis JQ618 strain (B), PC + Saccharomyces cerevisiae's cell wall (Y), PC + B + L + Y (BLY) and PC + hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HA). At 28 days of age, glucose and total protein serum concentrations in PC group were lower than other treatments (p > .05), but in toxin binder receiving treatments were in the middle of NC and PC groups. At 35 days of age, 48 h after dinitrochlorobenzene injection Y showed more skin swelling (p > .05) and 24 h after injection, the aluminosilicate showed a poor performance with for phytohemagglutinin response. At 35 days, IgG titre and serum cholesterol concentration had a similar process to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and no significant differences were recorded between aflatoxin inhibitor receiving treatments (p > .05). SRBC, IgG, IgM titres and serum cholesterol concentration at 28 days and IgM titres at 35 days were not affected by treatments (p > .05). It can be concluded that a prebiotics and probiotics mixture such as BLY is suitable for improving immune function and serum biochemical parameters as an effect of feeding aflatoxin-contaminated diet.

Effects of Toxin Binder Biotox on Growth Performance Survival, Enzymatic Activity, Hematologichal and Biochemical Parameters of Fingerlings Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets- Contaminated with Aflatoxin

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Biotox on growth performance, survival, enzymatic activity, hematological and biochemical parameters of fingerlings rainbow trout fed with aflatoxin. For this purpose, 900 fish were stocked in four treatments at the pools and fed 4 times a day by supplementing the basal diet with 0.1% Biotoxin+1 mg/kg aflatoxin (T1), 0.2% Biotoxin+1 mg/kg aflatoxin (T2), 1 mg/kg aflatoxin (T3) and basal diet as control group (T4) for 60 days. There were significant differences (P 0.05) was observed in growth performance, activity Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and hematological parameters, of fish in different treatments. Also, no significant difference (P> 0.05) in serum globulin, albumin and total protein was observed between treatments and control group. The results of the present study showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Glucose and triglyceride in T3, whereas serum cholesterol was higher in T3 and control group. Addition of 1-2 g Biotox/ kg feed did not affected growth performance and hematological parameters, but increased survival of fingerling fed with the diets of aflatoxin B1-exposed.

Effect of Commercial Toxin Binder, Native Probiotic Strains, Cell Wall Yeast and Aluminosilicate in Diets Contaminated with Aflatoxin, on the Expression of GOT2, CYP450 1A5 Genes and Serum Concentrations of Liver Enzymes in Broiler Chickens

Effect of Commercial Toxin Binder, Native Probiotic Strains, Cell Wall Yeast and Aluminosilicate in Diets Contaminated with Aflatoxin, on the Expression of GOT2, CYP450 1A5 Genes and Serum Concentrations of Liver Enzymes in Broiler Chickens

Evaluation of yeast sludge cell wall and commercial clay based toxin binders against aflatoxin B1 on growth and serum parameters of broilers

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate yeast sludge cell wall (YSCW) and commercial toxin binders against different levels of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) in broilers. A total of 390 one day old (1-d-o) chicks were divided into 13 groups with treatments (three replicates / treatment ten birds in each). Negative control (NC) contained no AFB1 and toxin binder in feed. Positive control (PC) was offered with different AFB1 levels (100, 200 and 300 µg/kg) in feed which were being produced in the laboratory earlier. The remaining treatments included YSCW, bentonites, combination of bentonites and glucomannan (Bent + Gluc) at different AFB1 levels in factorial arrangement from 8th to 28th days of age. Among positive control, 200 and 300 µg/kg AFB1 levels showed 37.42% and 36.38% decrease in weight gain causing 1.41 and 1.35 times increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to NC. YSCW and Bent + Gluc showed better weight gain (87.9, 83.45 and 75.48% for YSCW and 83.37, 82.83 and 78.35 for Bent + Gluc vs 66.26, 62.6 and 63.6% for PC as compared to NC) at 100, 200 and 300 µg AFB1/kg, respectively. The dietary treatments, aflatoxin levels and toxin binders showed non-significant effect for feed intake, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and significant on albumin and uric acid. It was concluded that AFB1 affect the growth at different levels significantly. Like other toxin binders, YSCW was found to nullify the deleterious effects of AFB1 and showed non-significant effect among themselves at different AFB1 levels.