Soil Toxicity Research Articles

Toxic element characterization against a typical high geology background: Pollution enrichment, source tracking, spatial distribution, and ecological risk assessment

The geological environment determines the initial content of various elements in soil, while the late input of toxic elements produced through weathering and leaching is a persistent threat to food security and human health. In this study, we selected the Lou Shao Basin, a black rock system background, and combined geostatistical analysis and multivariate statistics to quantify the specific contribution of weathering of the black rock system, and to analyze the source traces, spatial distributions, and ecological risks of the soil toxicity of elements. The results show that the soils in the study area are acidic, which is related to the weathering of sulfides in the black rock system. The concentrations of most elements in the soil were determined to exceed the soil background values, and the Cd, Se and N contents, exceeded more than five times, especially Se, Mo nearly as high as 13 times. Strong positive correlation between Se, Cu, V and P, low correlation between N and Se, Cu, V, P, Ni and Cd.72.52%, 43%, 77.79%, 82%, 77%, and 44.1% of Cd, Se, Ni, Cu, B, and Mo came from the black rock system, respectively, which were greatly affected by geogenic weathering; V, Zn, Pb, and As are mainly from biomass burning sources; N and P are mainly from agricultural surface sources. Comparison found that the Cd and Se elements in the rocks in the study area were 16.78 times and 1.36 times higher than the world shale average, respectively, and need to pay attention to the weathering process of the two, and the spatial distribution of the 12 elements in soils showed a striped and centralized block distribution pattern, specifically around the distribution of carbonate and metamorphic rocks and other high-geology blocks. The ecological risk results showed that Cd was the main element causing high ecological risk, followed by Se and N, which were at moderate to high ecological risk levels, and Se and N showed similar ecological risk patterns, which may be related to the fact that selenium can promote the uptake and transformation of nitrogen. The present results add to the endogenous sources of toxic elements, quantify the source contributions of toxic elements in soils with high geologic backgrounds, fill this knowledge gap, and provide new insights for pollution control and ecological protection in areas with high geochemical backgrounds.

Potential of Plant Based Metallophytes for Phytoremediation in Agriculture

Metallophytes are the unique group of plants that have evolved to thrive in metal rich environments and have drawn plenty of attention. Remediating heavy metal contaminated places with plants is an effective choice due to phytoremediation, an environmentally friendly method that uses plants to mitigate the pollution. Metallophytes are ideal options for phytoremediation applications due to their inherent traits such as hyper-accumulation, efficient metal absorption and tolerance mechanisms impacting both the plant and soil. These plants absorb and translocate heavy metals, detoxifying the soil while accumulating them in tissues. This reduces metal toxicity in soil and holds potential for resources recovery. The role of metallophytes in phytoremediation is analysed in this review with particular focus given to their ways of metal absorption, translocation and detoxification. Metallophytes have high metal tolerance and accumulation capacities due to their unique physiological and biochemical adaptations including enhanced metal sequestration in vacuoles, metal chelation by phytochelatins and activation of anti-oxidant defence systems. This review also highlights the significance of metallophytes in enhancing the soil health, reducing metal bioavailability, and promoting the ecological sustainability as well as their potential for restoring contaminated ecosystems. Utilizing the unique capabilities of metallophytes obtained from plants possesses enormous possibilities to minimise the negative effects of heavy metal pollution, protect ecosystems, and promote sustainable development for future generations. Eventually, it outlines future research approaches that aim to enhance metallophytes based phytoremediation strategies, widen their implementation and include them in holistic approaches for environmental restoration and sustainable land management.

Ecological Risk Assessment of Three Pesticide Additives in Soil and Application to the Remediation of Contaminated Soil.

Pesticide additives (PAs) are auxiliary ingredients added to the pesticide manufacturing and use processes, constituting 1% to 99% of the pesticide and often composed of benzene and chlorinated hydrocarbons. We selected three typical PAs, toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene, to evaluate their retention function toxicity and ecological risk in soil. Soil immobilization techniques and aquatic model organisms were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the immobilized soil method to determine the ecological risk of chemicals. The 48-h median lethal concentrations of toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene alone in spiked soil on Daphnia magna were 10.5, 2.3, and 1.1 mg/L (medium, high, and high toxicity, respectively). The toxicity of the three-PA mixtures showed an antagonistic effect. The risk levels of toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene in the soil were evaluated as moderate to high, low to high, and high risk, respectively. The toxicity of two pesticide-contaminated sites in the Yangtze River Delta before and after remediation was successfully evaluated by immobilized soil technology. The toxicity of two soil sampling points was reduced from medium toxic to low toxic and no toxic, respectively, after remediation. The results of our study give a rationale for and prove the validity of the aquatic model organisms and soil immobilization techniques in assessing the soil retention functions toxicity of PAs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1677-1689. © 2024 SETAC.

Historical charcoal production as a factor in soil cover heterogeneity in a fluvioglacial landscape − A case study from northern Poland

Although in situ wood thermal processing, as a common practice in European forests in historical times, has been confirmed in many studies, the environmental implications of that process remain poorly explored. In this study, we focused on evaluating the impact of that process on forest vegetation and soil cover heterogeneity in a fluvioglacial landscape dominated by Brunic Arenosols. This study covered three 70–95-year-old stands of Scots pine in northern Poland. Three soil profiles, including from the relict charcoal hearth (RCH), from the surrounding ditch and a control, were examined from each stand, as well as associated vegetation. The studies showed that 19th century charcoal production platforms were overgrown with 20–60% fewer plant species than control stands. The effect on soils varied according to their characteristics. The presence of anthropogenic horizons consisting of a mixture of burnt soil material, ashes, charcoal particles, and other products of wood pyrolysis was the most distinguishing feature of RCH soils classified as Spolic Technosols (Arenic, Dystric, Pyric, Protospodic, Transportic). Typically, these horizons were characterised by lower bulk density, and higher porosity, as well as higher contents of total organic carbon, nitrogen, and exchange cations than the control soils. The differences between the RCH and control soils were highlighted by a comparison between the pools of the components in a soil column (pedon). Clear tendencies were not recorded for pH, the phosphorus content and stocks, the forms of iron and aluminium, the saturation of the soil sorption complex with bases or the trophic index. This may be due to the long-term neutralising effect of forest vegetation, dominated by Scots pine. Moreover, the results of our study may indicate the problem of toxicity of the RCH soils, which should be undertaken, considering the utilitarian importance of the issue.

Co-application of biochar and selenium nanoparticles improves yield and modifies fatty acid profile and essential oil composition of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under cadmium toxicity.

Fatty acids and essential oils (EOs) are the primary variables that influence the quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Soil toxicity to cadmium (Cd) is the main environmental issue facing fennel, and priming methods like soil amendments and nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly utilized to deal with it. The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of biochar (BC) and selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on fennel plants in Cd-contaminated soils. The pot experiment was conducted with Cd stress at 0, 10, and 20mgkg-1 soil, BC at 5% (v/v), and foliar-spraying Se NPs at 40mg L-1 as a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) at a greenhouse condition in 2022. The findings demonstrated that Cd toxicity significantly decreased plant performance, while BC and Se NPs enhanced it. Without BC and Se NPs, Cd toxicity at 20mgkg-1 soil decreased biological yield (39%), seed yield (37%), EO yield (32%), and monounsaturated fatty acids (14%), while increased saturated fatty acid (26%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (40%) of fennel. The main EO profile was anethole (65.32-73.25%), followed by limonene (16.12-22.07%), fenchone (5.57-6.83%), and estragole (2.25-3.65%), which mainly were oxygenated monoterpenes. The combined application of BC and Se NPs improved the yield, EO production, and fatty acid profile of fennel plants under Cd stress, increasing the plants' resistance to Cd toxicity.

Alleviating effect of calcium sulfate on aluminum stress through enhanced malate release with increased gene expression of malate transporter and sulfate transporter

ABSTRACT Gypsum (calcium sulfate) are commonly used to improve subsoil acidity. Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soil reduces crop yields worldwide, especially in the tropical regions. In soil, sulfate decrease Al toxicity and improves plant growth and yield. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of CaSO4 on Al stress of Al-tolerant accession Col-0 as well as the Al-sensitive accessions, Wei-0 and Ts-5, of in Arabidopsis thaliana using hydroponics. Our research indicates that CaSO4 supply has a significant effect on root growth and malate release compared to CaCl2 under Al stress, especially in Al-sensitive accessions. In response to Al stress, CaSO4 supply enhanced the expression of malate transporter gene AtALMT1 and sulfate transporter gene SULTR3;5, which were regulated by the Al-resistant transcription factor STOP1. Furthermore, knockout lines of SULTR3;5 and SULTR2;1, which are involved in sulfate uptake and translocation, were more Al-sensitive than the wild type under Al stress without CaSO4, and malate release was reduced with decreased AtALMT1 expression. In conclusion, one of the alleviative effects of gypsum application on Al rhizotoxicity is promoted by sulfate through organic acid release mechanism enhancing AtALMT1 expression, alongside the Ca2+ reduction Al3+ activity on the plasma membrane.

Impact of Biosolids-Derived Biochar on the Remediation and Ecotoxicity of Diesel-Impacted Soil

This study aimed to investigate the impact of biosolids-derived biochar on the remediation of Australian soil contaminated with diesel while investigating the role of biochar in the remediation. To achieve the latter aim, sodium azide (NaN3) was added to a separate biochar treatment (BN) to alter the bacterial community structure. Biochar (B) reduced detectable hydrocarbons by 2353 mg/kg compared to the control (C) treatment at week 24. However, the BN treatment reduced the hydrocarbon concentration by 3827 and 6180 mg/kg, relative to B and C, respectively. Soil toxicity significantly decreased at week 24 compared to the start of the remediation in B, but not in the control. Biochar and control treatments generally showed a similar bacterial community structure throughout the incubation, while the bacterial community structure in BN differed significantly. Biodegradation was found to play a significant role in hydrocarbon removal, as the variation in the bacteria community coincided with differences in hydrocarbon removal between B and BN. The increased removal of hydrocarbons in the BN treatment relative to B coincided with increased and reduced relative abundances of Gordonia and JG30-KF-CM45 genera, respectively. This study showed that NaN3 led to a transient and selective inhibition of bacteria. This study makes an important contribution towards understanding the use of NaN3 in examining the role of biochar in the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil. Overall, we conclude that biochar has the potential to enhance the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil and that biodegradation is the dominant mechanism.

Strategies for alleviating aluminum toxicity in soils and plants

Strategies for alleviating aluminum toxicity in soils and plants

Supplemental Silicon and Boron Alleviates Aluminum-Induced Oxidative Damage in Soybean Roots.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils is a major abiotic stress that negatively impacts plant growth and development. The toxic effects of Al manifest primarily in the root system, leading to inhibited root elongation and functionality, which impairs the above-ground organs of the plant. Recent research has greatly improved our understanding of the applications of small molecule compounds in alleviating Al toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the role of boron (B), silicon (Si), and their combination in alleviating Al toxicity in soybeans. The results revealed that the combined application significantly improved the biomass and length of soybean roots exposed to Al toxicity compared to B and Si treatments alone. Our results also indicated that Al toxicity causes programmed cell death (PCD) in soybean roots, while B, Si, and their combination all alleviated the PCD induced by Al toxicity. The oxidative damage induced by Al toxicity was noticeably alleviated, as evidenced by lower MAD and H2O2 accumulation in the soybean roots treated with the B and Si combination. Moreover, B, Si, and combined B and Si significantly enhanced plant antioxidant systems by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes including CAT, POD, APX, and SOD. Overall, supplementation with B, Si, and their combination was found to alleviate oxidative damage and reduce PCD caused by Al toxicity, which may be one of the mechanisms by which they alleviate root growth inhibition due to Al toxicity. Our results suggest that supplementation with B, Si, and their combination may be an effective strategy to improve soybean growth and productivity against Al toxicity.

THE IMPACT OF SOIL POLLUTION BY OIL ON THE CONTENT OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES

The research assesses the impact of oil contamination on soil humus substances. Laboratory experiments with varying concentrations of petroleum products on different soil types revealed that even small amounts of oil lead to significant degradation of humus substances, altering their structure and reducing their content. These changes may disrupt soil properties, diminishing fertility, structure, and water retention capacity, and reducing microbial activity. Understanding this influence is crucial for developing strategies to rehabilitate polluted soils and sustain ecosystems. Keywords: Humus, acidity, oil contamination, phytotesting, carbon content, oil mineralization, soil toxicity

Silver toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida is inconsistent in natural and artificial soils amended with wastewater biosolids

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are present in biosolids from wastewater treatment facilities, a common soil amendment. Exposing earthworms ( Eisenia fetida) to AgNP and AgNO3 in soil with 0 and 7.5 g biosolids kg−1 for 28 days showed AgNO3 was more lethal to earthworms in artificial soil (LC20 ≤ 325 mg Ag kg−1) than natural soil (LC20 ≥ 573 mg Ag kg−1). In contrast, AgNPs were more lethal in natural soil (LC20 ≤ 425 mg Ag kg−1) than artificial soil (LC20 ≥ 653 mg Ag kg−1). Earthworm response to silver in artificial soil may not reflect toxicity in biosolids-amended natural soils.

Endophytic bacteria for Cd remediation in rice: Unraveling the Cd tolerance mechanisms of Cupriavidus metallidurans CML2

The utility of endophytic bacteria in Cadmium (Cd) remediation has gained significant attention due to their ability to alleviate metal-induced stress and enhance plant growth. Here, we investigate C. metallidurans CML2, an endophytic bacterial strain prevalent in rice, showing resilience against 2400 mg/L of Cd(II). We conducted an in-depth integrated morphological and transcriptomic analysis illustrating the multifarious mechanisms CML2 employs to combat Cd, including the formation of biofilm and CdO nanoparticles, upregulation of genes involved in periplasmic immobilization, and the utilization of RND efflux pumps to extract excess Cd ions. Beyond Cd, CML2 exhibited robust tolerance to an array of heavy metals, including Mn2+, Se4+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, demonstrating effective Cd(II) removal capacity. Furthermore, CML2 has exhibited plant growth-promoting properties through the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0.93 mg/L, soluble phosphorus compounds at 1.11 mg/L, and siderophores at 22.67%. Supportively, pot experiments indicated an increase in root lengths and a decrease in Cd bioaccumulation in rice seedlings inoculated with CML2, consequently reducing Cd translocation rates from 43% to 31%. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of Cd resistance mechanisms in C. metallidurans, but also underscore CML2′s promising application in Cd remediation within rice farming ecosystems.

Organic farming in the improvement of soil health and productivity of tea cultivation: A pilot study

AbstractThe sub‐mountainous tea gardens of the Dooars region of West Bengal, which contribute approximately 25% of the national tea yield, are constantly fighting with diminishing soil fertility. Inorganic alternatives like chemical fertilizers can provide easier yet short‐term solutions, as their prolonged and indiscriminate usage leaches the soil, devouring its productivity, increasing the soil's heavy metal contents, and subsequently accumulating those heavy metals in leaves. A plausible substitution in this scenario could be the use of organic alternatives like composting or biofertilizer. Although references to such alternative means are found in the literature, a holistic approach targeting plant growth promotion along with mitigating soil metal toxicity is lacking. Keeping this background in mind, this pilot study was designed to optimize the dosage of novel biofertilizers (using resident and alien flora) that can reduce heavy metal loads and residual toxicity in soil, thereby improving overall soil health and tea production. Two potential metallophilic plant growth‐promoting strains of Bacillus sp. (previously reported) were selected and applied to potted tea plants of two different varieties of tea: TV9 and TV25. Among the two modes of treatment tested: solid treatment (compost amended with bacterial culture) and liquid treatment (cell pellets mixed in water suspension), the water suspension‐based direct application of resident soil bacteria showed the highest physiological growth with reduced metal toxicity. Based on physiological data and physico‐chemical data collected, it was observed that direct application of bacteria showed better results in both plant and soil health improvement in comparison to regular compost amended with beneficial microflora. Therefore, this small‐scale pilot study aimed to optimize the dosage and mode of application of novel biofertilizers for improved soil and plant health.

A review on effect of different pesticides on earthworm

This review seeks to raise awareness of the value of earthworms in sustainable agriculture as well as the impact of pesticides on their activity. Enhancing agricultural sustainability requires a high level of soil biodiversity. The immense diversity of soil organisms allows for the best possible utilisation of the resources found in the varied habitats at different resolution levels. By turning organic waste and biodegradable material into nutrient-rich vermicast, earthworms play a significant role in the growth and upkeep of the soil's nutritional value. They go under the name of ecological engineers as well. Earthworms are the primary agents of the process, modifying the microbial activity significantly by splintering the substrate and aerating the environment, even though microbes biochemically decompose organic materials. The biodiversity of invertebrates, particularly earthworms, has been negatively impacted by the widespread use of pesticides. Although they are impacted by intensive practices like pesticide usage, earthworms play a vital role in many ecosystem functions that promote the sustainability of agrosystems. Not only do pesticides rank among the most expensive and widely used soil toxicants, but they also directly impact soil structure through supplementing and indirectly affect it through loss of biodiversity and serious injury to non-target organisms like earthworms.

Toxicity and biodegradability evaluation of HCHs-polluted soils after persulfate remediation treatments

Soils contaminated with lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, γ–HCH) wastes are widespread due to its massive production and high persistence. A noticeable case is in the Sardas and Bailín landfills (Spain), where INQUINOSA discharged tons of lindane wastes. The current work evaluates the remediation of polluted surface soil (HCHs = 409 mg kg−1) from these emplacements by two persulfate (PS)-activated on-site treatments: thermal (PS/T) and alkaline activation, the last one also intensified by temperature (PS/NaOH/T). The possible adverse effects of the chemical treatments on acute toxicity (associated with reagents, pH, by-product generation, etc.) of all phases involved (soils, soil organic extracts, reaction supernatants, and soil elutriates) towards Vibrio fischeri and Artemia salina were evaluated. Biodegradability assays were also performed. Both treatments presented high efficiency in pollutant degradation (XHCHs ≥ 90 % and dechlorination degree ≈ 80 %). After PS/T treatment, the soil and organic extract acute toxicity (Vibrio fischeri and Artemia salina) was reduced to the minimum level, and neither the reaction supernatant nor the soil leachate exhibited acute toxicity. Vibrio fischeri-soil acute toxicity remained unaltered after PS/NaOH/T treatment, which was attributed to the high NaOH concentration used. The toxicity of this soil elutriate was low, although that of aqueous reaction supernatant presented non-negligible values. In the case of Artemia salina bioassay, the alkaline treatment leads to a more significant decrease in toxicity than the thermal activation of PS. Finally, the biodegradability of treated soils increased, highlighting the suitability of PS-activated treatments for the remediation of HCHs-polluted soils.

Structures and diversities of bacterial communities in oil-contaminated soil at shale gas well site assessed by high-throughput sequencing.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the structures and variabilities of bacterial communities in oil-contaminated soil within shale gas development. The Changning shale gas well site in Sichuan province was focused, and high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the structures of bacterial communities and functions of bacteria in soil with different degrees of oil pollution. Furthermore, the influences of the environmental factors including pH, moisture content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, oil, and the biological toxicity of the soil on the structures of bacterial communities were analyzed. The results revealed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes predominated in the oil-contaminated soil. α-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria were the main classes under the Proteobacteria phylum. Bacilli was the main class in the Firmicutes phylum. Notably, more bacteria were only found in CN-5 which was the soil near the storage pond for abandoned drilling mud, including Marinobacter, Balneola, Novispirillum, Castellaniella, and Alishewanella. These bacteria exhibited resilience to higher toxicity and demonstrated proficiency in oil degradation. The functions including carbohydrate transport and metabolism, energy metabolism, replication, recombination and repair replication, signal transduction mechanisms, and amino acid transport and metabolism responded differently to varying concentrations of oil. The disparities in bacterial genus composition across samples stemmed from a complex play of pH, moisture content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, oil concentration, and biological toxicity. Notably, bacterial richness correlated positively with moisture content, while bacterial diversity showed a significant positive correlation with pH. Acidobacteria exhibited a significant positive correlation with moisture content. Litorivivens and Luteimonas displayed a significant negative correlation with pH, while Rhizobium exhibited a significant negative correlation with moisture content. Pseudomonas, Proteiniphilum, and Halomonas exhibited positive correlations not only with organic matter but also with oil concentration. Total nitrogen exhibited a significant positive correlation with Taonella and Sideroxydans. On the other hand, total phosphorus showed a significant negative correlation with Sphingomonas. Furthermore, Sphingomonas, Gp6, and Ramlibacter displayed significant negative correlations with biological toxicity. The differential functions exhibited no significant correlation with environmental factors but displayed a significant positive correlation with the Proteobacteria phylum. Aridibacter demonstrated a significant positive correlation with cell motility and cellular processes and signaling. Conversely, Pseudomonas, Proteiniphilum, and Halomonas were negatively correlated with differential functions, particularly in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and membrane transport. Compared with previous research, more factors were considered in this research when studying structural changes in bacterial communities, such as physicochemical properties and biological toxicity of soil. In addition, the correlations of differential functions of communities with environmental factors, bacterial phyla, and genera were investigated.

Investigating the involvement of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) StPHR1 gene in the combined stress response to phosphorus deficiency and aluminum toxicity.

Phosphorus deficiency and aluminum toxicity in acidic soils are important factors that limit crop yield. To further explore this issue, we identified 18 members of the StPHR gene family in the potato genome in this study. Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that the StPHR1 gene, an important member of this family, exhibited high expression levels in potato roots, particularly under conditions of phosphorus deficiency and aluminum toxicity stress. This suggested that the StPHR1 gene may play a crucial regulatory role in potato's resistance to phosphorus deficiency and aluminum toxicity. To validate this hypothesis, we conducted a series of experiments on the StPHR1 gene, including subcellular localization, GUS staining for tissue expression, heterologous overexpression, yeast two-hybrid hybridization, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The results demonstrated that the StPHR1 gene is highly conserved in plants and is localized in the nucleus of potato cells. The heterologous overexpression of the gene in Arabidopsis plants resulted in a growth phenotype that exhibited resistance to both aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency. Moreover, the heterologous overexpressing plants showed reduced aluminum content in the root system compared to the control group. Furthermore, we also identified an interaction between StPHR1 and StALMT6. These results highlight the potential application of regulating the expression of the StPHR1 gene in potato production to enhance its adaptation to the dual stress of phosphorus deficiency and high aluminum toxicity in acidic soils.

Biotesting in the assessment of vineyard soil toxicity

Biotesting in the assessment of vineyard soil toxicity

Soil residue ecotoxicology from biosurfactant extraction for oily soil decontamination process

Solvent extraction as part of oily soil decontamination process has been including rhamnolipid biosurfactant to be part for seeking its possibility for further implementation. Result of some researchers reported prospect of its implementation due to removal efficiency. This study reported post treatment process assessment to soil residue that remained after the completion of decontamination process. Soil toxicity examined involving Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration, Hydrocarbon Structure by using Gas Chromatography-Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID), Hydrocarbon bond identification by using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analysis, Metal and Oxide Metal Content of the residual soil. Germination Index as biological indicator also involved as part of the study to give early indication of impact on residual treated soil. Germination index selected mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) as object of study. Result showed that at residual soil TPH content could be reduced until 0.78%, there are simplification of hydrocarbon structure after treatment process included weakened of hydrocarbon bonding and concentration observed by FTIR. TCLP result showed residual soil was benign to the environment and Germination Index indicated improvement of mung beans germination after decontamination process.

ФИТОРЕМЕДИАЦИЯ ПОЧВЫ, КОМПЛЕКСНО ЗАГРЯЗНЕННОЙ НЕФТЬЮ И ГЕРБИЦИДАМИ, С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ РАСТЕНИЙ ОВСА И ЛЮПИНА

The possibility of using oat plants (Avena sativa L.) and white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) as phytoremediants of soils contaminated with oil and/or herbicides Tapir (imidazolinone class) and Spetsnaz 750 (sulfonylurea class). Tapir turned out to be more toxic to plants of both species than oil or Spetsnaz 750. The presence of Tapir in the soil in the amount of 20.0 µl/kg led to a decrease in the length of plant roots by 42.4-71.9%, shoots – by 28.9-71.9%. It was shown that oil (2% by weight) leveled the stress effect of herbicides on soil microbiota and plants. After 21 days of the experiment, soil toxicity decreased most significantly when growing plants on soil with oil and oil with Spetsnaz 750. In soil contaminated with Tapir, phytotoxicity remained at the same level when using both plants.