Toxicity In Broilers Research Articles

Neuroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Extract against Cadmium Toxicity in Broilers

Neuroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Extract against Cadmium Toxicity in Broilers

Effect on haematology by Zingiber officinale on lead induced toxicity in broilers

Effect on haematology by Zingiber officinale on lead induced toxicity in broilers

AflatoxinB1 (AFB1 ) and its toxic effect on the broilers intestine: A review.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) is the predominant mycotoxin that originated toxicity in broilers through oxidative damage, intestinal barrier dysfunction, reduced immune system and dysfunction of microorganisms and enzymes in target organs. The intestine is the first AFB1 target organ destroyed after the bird's body is induced. This review summarises the current knowledge of the negative results of AFB1 -induced intestinal damage on broiler production. It was conducted in accordance with the relevant studies in the cited literatures being retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Web of Science. First, AFB1 can change the intestinal barrier function by destroying the intestinal architecture, tissue and cell integrity of the gut epithelium. Second, AFB1 can damage the immune barrier function of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Third, the microbiota of birds interacts closely with the ingested aflatoxin. Finally, because broilers are tremendously sensitive to AFB1 contamination, the poisonous and noxious effects of this mycotoxin in the broiler industry cause millions of dollars in losses every year. This review briefly discussed that the AFB1 , which affects the intestines of broiler chickens, was reduced the immune apparatus, antioxidant protection system, gastric system, and broiler production status and its impact on human health. Therefore, this review will improve our perception of the important intestine in a bird's health and the adverse effect of AFB1 .

Effect of Phyllosilicates As Toxin Binder On Productivity, Intestinal Morphology, and Liver Toxicity in Broiler Fed Afb1 Contaminated Feed

Aflatoxin B1 is a toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus which reduces the development and function of organs in broilers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding binder toxin from different bentonite to feed contaminated with AFB1 on productivity, intestinal morphology, and liver toxicity in broilers. A total of 60-day old chick male broilers were placed in 12 pens. Each treatment consisted of three replicates, each replicate containing five broilers. Treatment in the study consisted of P0 (control, basal diet, without the addition of AFB1), P1 (P0 + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 4 g/kg calcium bentonite Type A), P2 (P0 + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 4 g/kg calcium bentonite Type B), and P3 (P0 + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 4 g/kg calcium bentonite Type B + kerolite + saponite). Treatment diets were given to broilers from day 22 to 35 (finisher phase). The results showed that the toxin binder on AFB1 contaminated feed had no effect on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion (p>0.05). Addition of toxin binder on AFB1 contaminated feed increased the relative weight of the duodenum (p=0.024), although P3 was not significantly different. Treatments had no effect on villus length, crypt depth, and ratio of villus length to crypt depth (p>0.05), but decreased villus width (p=0.013). The addition of toxin binder tended to decrease the villus area (p=0.055). SGOT and SGPT did not show differences between treatments. AFB1 contamination with the addition of toxin binder showed signs of toxicity on liver histopathological observations. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the addition of binder toxin in feed contaminated with AFB1 can reduce the negative effect on the development of intestinal villus and chemical effect to the liver. Toxin binder Type B has the best efficacy for reduce the negative effect

Protectant Effect of Betaine Against Florfenicol-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Broiler Chickens

Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the pretreatment protectant effect of Betaine against possible deleterious effects of florfenicol (FFC) in broiler chicks. A total of 120 broiler chicks were allocated into 4 groups (each of 30 chicks). Group one was kept as a control, while group two was administered with betaine (40mg/kg b.wt. orally from 16 to 20 days of age). Group three was administered with toxic dose of FFC (60 mg/ kg b.wt. orally from 18 to 22 days of age). Group four was co-administered with Betaine with FFC by the same previous doses on the same treatment periods. The biochemical analysis of hepatic and renal indices and histopathological examination were performed to evaluate the protectant effects of betaine on possible FFC-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Results emphasized that large dose of FFC induced hepatorenal toxicity in broilers and pre-treatment with betaine mitigates FFC-adverse effects by enhancement of hepatorenal indices and histopathological pictures of those organs.

Mitigation potential of individual and combined dietary supplementation of local Bentonite Clay and Distillery Sludge against Ochratoxin-A induced toxicity in broilers

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of dietary supplementation of local bentonite clay (BN) and distillery sludge (DS) alone and in combination on ochratoxin-A (OTA) induced toxicity in broilers. For this purpose, day-old-broiler chicks (n = 270) were procured from the local market and reared under standard management conditions. After 7 days of acclimatization, birds were divided into 2 main groups A and B with respect to OTA inclusion level in feed, each with four sub-groups viz. A1-A4, each challenged with OTA at a dietary inclusion level of 250 µg/kg feed and B1-B4, each challenged with OTA at the level of 500 µg/kg feed and a common control group that was fed with basal feed throughout the experiment. In groups A and B, BN and DS were administered with feed at the rate of 10 g/kg of feed and 5 g/kg of feed alone and in combination, respectively.ResultsResults showed that OTA administration alone resulted in poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) and immunological responses along with increased serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), urea and creatinine (P < 0.05). A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum protein levels (albumin, globulin and total protein) was also observed in OTA-fed groups in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of BN at 10 g/kg of OTA-contaminated feed resulted in better FCR and immunological responses as compared to those fed OTA only. The BN supplementation also conferred protection against elevation of serum biochemical parameters when compared with OTA-fed groups. However, the addition of DS could not provide significant protection (P > 0.05) on alteration of serum biochemical parameters in response to the OTA induced toxicity. The combined supplementation of BN and DS resulted in amelioration of OTA-induced toxicity and showed improved FCR, immunological, hematological and serum biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) when compared with other groups. Similarly, BN and DS resulted in a significant decline (P < 0.05) in the OTA tissue residues compared with other groups and control.ConclusionIn conclusion, combined dietary supplementation of BN (10 mg/kg) and DS (05 mg/kg) in feed reduced the toxic effects of OTA contamination at levels of 250 and 500 µg/kg of feed in broilers. So, the combination products of BN and DS may be successfully developed for use in poultry for protection against OTA-induced toxicity in broilers.

Ameliorative effects of L-carnitine on florfenicol-induced hepatotoxicity in broilers

L-carnitine is a non-essential amino acid derivative naturally occurring and widely distributed in nature. It received a growing interest in its potential uses as a medicinal agent possess protective effects that postulated to be related to its antioxidant action. This study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative role of L-carnitine on florfenicol induced hepatic toxicity in broilers. A total of 150 broiler chicks were grouped into 6 groups each of 25 chicks. Group one was kept as a control group, while group two and three were treated with florfenicol and L-carnitine, respectively. Group 4 was pre-treated with L-carnitine for three days before florfenicol administration. Groups five and sex were cotreated with L-carnitine and florfenicol and post-treated with L-carnitine for three days after florfenicol administration, respectively. The biochemical analysis, liver indices, antioxidant profile, and histopathological examination were performed to evaluate its ameliorative effects. Results emphasized that florfenicol induced hepatic toxicity in broilers and L-carnitine can ameliorate its action when its usage preceded the florfenicol or when they were used together which reflected by an enhancement in liver indices, antioxidant profile, and histopathological findings. As far as we know this the first study confirming the ameliorative potency of L-carnitine on florfenicol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Evaluation of Cadmium Chloride-Induced Toxicity in Chicks Via Hematological, Biochemical Parameters, and Cadmium Level in Tissues.

Cadmium is a heavy metal and a non-biodegradable environmental contaminant, and its omnipresence ensures its recurrent exposure to humans and animals. Its intake by chicks leads to fatal implications. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) because of its bio-accumulative nature is an emerging threat to the poultry industry as well as to the humans which consumes these cadmium-intoxicated chickens. In the current study, the target was to elucidate the toxic effects of CdCl2on body weight, hematological, and biochemical parameters as well as its bioaccumulation in different organs of broiler chicks. Various concentrations of CdCl2 (0, 12, 24, 38, and 48mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to five groups (A, B, C, D, and E)of broiler chicks, respectively. The biometric screening of the exposed birds was carried out by hematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total protein, white blood cells (WBC), and hemoglobin (Hb), as well as biochemical parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with commercially available kits. Metal accumulation in different organs was detected using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The compound exposure produced a varied impact on broiler birds. Hematological parameters showed a significant decrease except for WBC. Biochemical parameters also decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. However, it was revealed that the body weight of chickens was not affected considerably after CdCl2 exposure. A direct relationship was detected between the accumulation of metal within tissues (lungs, heart, and flesh) and exposure frequency. It can be deducedthat an increase in Cd deposition in tissues may lead to an alteration in hematological-biochemical markers which may significantly contribute to systemic toxicity in broilers.

Effects of selenium and zinc supplementation on cadmium toxicity in broilers

Cadmium Cd is a toxic metal regarded as an environmental pollutant. The potential ameliorative effect of simultaneous addition of Se and Zn to broilers against Cd toxicity was examined. A total of 180 as-hatched broilers were used. There were 4 replicate pens of 3 dietary treatments: T1, T2, and T3. In T1, Se, Cd, and Zn were added to a basal diet at 0.3, 0, and 100 ppm, in T2 at 0.3, 50, and 150 ppm, and in T3 at 0.5, 50, and 150 ppm respectively. Selenium, Cd, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Sb, As, Cr, Pb, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn were determined in breast samples using ICP-MS. Simultaneous addition of Se and Zn to broilers partly ameliorated the negative effects of Cd. The concentrations of Cd, As, and V in breast were significantly affected by the treatments while the concentration of other examined elements remained unaffected.

Plastrum Testudinis Extract Mitigates Thiram Toxicity in Broilers via Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling.

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) negatively affects broilers all over the world, in which the accretion of the growth plate (GP) develops into tibial proximal metaphysis. Plastrum testudinis extract (PTE) is renowned as a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bone healing agent. The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PTE for the treatment of thiram-induced TD chickens. Broilers (day old; n = 300) were raised for 3 days with normal feed. On the 4th day, three groups (n = 100 each) were sorted, namely, the control (normal diet), TD, and PTE groups (normal diet+ thiram 50 mg/kg). On the 7th day, thiram was stopped in the TD and PTE group, and the PTE group received a normal diet and PTE (30 mg/kg/day). Plastrum testudinis extract significantly restored (p < 0.05) the liver antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, serum biochemicals, GP width, and tibia weight as compared to the TD group. The PTE administration significantly increased (p < 0.05) growth performance, vascularization, AKT (serine/threonine-protein kinase), and PI3K expressions and the number of hepatocytes and chondrocytes with intact nuclei were enhanced. In conclusion, PTE has the potential to heal TD lesions and act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug in chickens exposed to thiram via the upregulation of AKT and PI3K expressions.

Effect of dietary supplementation of Eclitpa alba on oxidative stress and liver damage induced by aflatoxin in broilers

The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Eclipta alba leaf powder to ameliorate the oxidative stress and liver damage induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broilers. Day-old male broilers were fed with basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with E. alba (1.0%), basal diet with 1.0 ppm AFB1 or AFB1 (1.0 ppm) with E. alba (1.0%) for 42 days. Birds fed AFB1 showed significantly higher serum AST and ALT activities, and decreased concentrations of total protein, cholesterol and albumin. AFB1 feeding significantly increased hepatic lipid peroxidation products, decreased antioxidant enzymes and induced pathological changes in liver. The supplementation of E. alba leaf powder with AFB1 contaminated diet significantly improved serum biochemical profile, reduced the oxidative stress and pathological changes in liver. The present study revealed that supplementation of E. alba reduces the liver damage and oxidative stress induced by AFB1 and offer protection against aflatoxin toxicity in broilers.

Experimental Study on Pathology of Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chicks and Its Amelioration by Emblica officinalis (Amla) Supplementation

An experiment was conducted to study the protective role of herb Emblica officinalis in induced aflatoxicosis in broilers. Thirty day old broiler chicks divided into three groups. Birds of group T0 were fed with standard basal rations. Group T1 birds were fed with standard feed mixed with aflatoxin (AF) B1@150 ppb and group T2 birds were fed with standard feed mix with AFB1@150 ppb and E. officinalis @5 g/kg of feed. Skin thicknesses were measured in six birds from each group on 21st day for cell mediated immune response. Group T1 and T2 showed significant differences in weight gain and significant reduction in cell mediated immune response was noted as compared to T0 group. Gross examination of group T1 birds showed yellowish discoloration of liver and hepatomegaly, mild lesions in kidneys. Microscopically, liver parenchyma showed moderate hepatic derangement, focal formation of microgranuloma, multiple foci of hepato-cellular swelling, necrosis in some hepatocytes, congestion of blood vessels, mononuclear cells infiltrations around blood vessels, focal bile duct hyperplasia and sinusoidal aggregation of erythrocytes. In T2 group birds, microscopically liver, kidney, spleen and bursa of Fabricius showed mild changes as compared to T1. Present study suggest that supplementation of herb E. officinalis could reduce aflatoxin toxicity in broilers.

Patho-Morphological Changes in Liver, Kidney and Brain of Broiler Birds Due to Chlorpyrifos Intoxication

Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate pathomorphological changes in chlorpyrifos toxicity in broilers. Group I served as control while group II, III and IV birds were given Chlorpyrifos @3.2,1.6 and 0.64 mg/kg, respectively, orally in corn oil for a period of 6 weeks. The birds were sacrificed by humane method. Representative tissues from the affected regions of various organs were collected in 10% buffered formalin. Tissue samples were processed for routine paraffin embedding technique and 5 micron thin section were stained with HarisÂ’ Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Histopathologically, liver of all the treatment group birds showed hepatocytic degeneration and necrosis, Mononuclear cell infiltration (MNC) and fibrosis in portal area, degeneration and swelling of epithelial cells of Proximal Convoluted TubuleÂ’s obliterating lumen and presence of MNC in kidneys, engorgement of cerebral blood vessel with increased perivascular space,shrunken deeply eosinophilic neurons, MNC leading to leptomeningitis in brain.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Andrographis paniculata during Lead Induced Toxicity in Broilers

The effect of dietary lead exposure on immunomodulation of broilers and possible ameliorative effect of Andrographis paniculata were studied. One hundred broiler chicks were randomly divided into five equal groups of 20 each. Group T0 served as control while group T1, T2, T3 and T4 birds were provided commercial diet with lead acetate at the dose of 300 ppm in feed. Powder of dry leaves of Andrographis paniculata was mixed in the feed of group T2, T3 and T4 chicks at the dose of 2 gm, 3 gm and 4 gm/kg of feed respectively and fed for 4 weeks. Significant decrease in HI titres in T1 group and significant increase in T4 group suggested increased haemagglutination titre (HI) response. The maximum skin thickness and diameter on 24th and 48th hours was observed in control group birds (T0) and was comparable with T4 group. Microscopically spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricius revealed increase in lymphoid population in birds fed lead acetate along with Andrographis paniculata compared to T1 group. We concluded that Andrographis paniculata has immunomodulatory effect during lead toxicity in broilers.

Pathology of sub-chronic cadmium and chlorpyrifos toxicity in broilers

The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of cadmium and chlorpyrifos and their interaction on liver and kidney of broiler chicken. Twenty four birds were divided into four groups. Group-I was kept as control. Group-II, III and IV birds were administered with cadmium (50 mg/L in drinking water), chlorpyrifos (4 mg/kg body weight orally) and cadmium (50 mg/L in drinking water) + chlorpyrifos (4 mg/kg body weight orally), respectively and observed for 45 days. Blood samples were collected on day 15, 30 and 45 for biochemical parameters, which showed significant (P<0.01) increase in ALT, AST, ALP and creatinine. Significant (P<0.05) increase in the glucose, urea, uric acid and significant (P<0.05) decrease in total protein, albuminand globulin were observed. Histopathologically, liver revealed necrosis of hepatocytes, haemorrhages, infiltration of heterophils and mononuclear cells. Kidneys showed cortical tubular degeneration and desquamation, glomerular atrophy and hyalinization. Histopathological andbiochemical changes were more marked in group IV birds, which indicated the synergistic effects of these environmental toxicantsin producing pronounced hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic alterations.

Effect of Sodium Selenite on Pathological Changes and Renal Functions in Broilers Fed a Diet Containing Aflatoxin B₁.

To evaluate the renal toxicity of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ameliorating effects of added dietary sodium selenite in broiler, renal histopathological changes, ultrastructural changes, and renal function parameters were monitored at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Two hundred one-day-old healthy male Avian broilers were divided into four groups, namely control group, AFB1 group (0.3 mg/kg AFB1), +Se group (0.4 mg/kg Se), and AFB1+Se group (0.3 mg/kg AFB1+0.4 mg/kg Se). Compared with that of the control group, the relative weight of kidney was increased in the AFB1 group. There were no significant differences between the AFB1+Se group and the control group. By histopathological observation, the renal epithelia were swelling and necrosis at 7 and 21 days of age. Ultrastructurally, the lipid droplets and expanded endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the plasma of epithelia cells in the AFB1 group. Enlarged mitochondria with degenerated cristae were observed in the +Se group. Compared with the control group, the contents of serum creatinine and serum uric acid in the AFB1 group were increased, while the activity of renal Na+-K+ ATPase was decreased. When 0.4 mg/kg selenium was added into the diet containing 0.3 mg/kg AFB1, there were no obvious histological changes in the AFB1+Se group, and the contents of the serum creatinine and serum uric acid contents and the activity of renal Na+-K+ ATPase were close to those in the control group. In conclusion, sodium selenite exhibited protective effects on AFB1-induced kidney toxicity in broilers.

Assessment of serum biochemical parameters and pathological changes in broilers with chronic aflatoxicosis fed glucomannan-containing yeast product (Mycosorb) and sodium bentonite

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of yeast glucomannan (YG) and sodium bentonite (SB) in reducing the toxicity in broilers fed a diet naturally contaminated with aflatoxin. Three hundred 7-day-old Ross 308 strain broilers were chosen and randomly assigned to 10 dietary treatments. Serum biochemical parameters and pathological changes in the liver were investigated at 42 d of age. Chickens fed a diet containing 250 ppb of aflatoxin displayed a decrease in uric acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and an increase in serum activities of AST and ALT when compared to control group. There were considerable gross and histopathological hepatic lesions (P &lt; 0.05) in the form of small to moderate hydropic and/or fatty degeneration, bile duct hyperplasia, periportal fibrosis, cells infiltration, and congestion, in chickens fed the 250 ppb aflatoxincontaining diet. The addition of YG and SB to the aflatoxin-containing diet partially reduced the negative effects of aflatoxin. The 0.1% YG supplementation to the aflatoxin-contaminated diet significantly prevented the pathological effect of aflatoxin on serum biochemical parameters and liver, and was found to be more effective than other treatments.

Ginsenoside Rb1, A Component of Panax Ginseng, Ameliorates Selenium Induced Renal Toxicity in Broilers

Panax Ginseng (PG) has been widely used as natural product for many years with limited knowledge on its effect on renal dysfunction. Ginsenoside (Rb1) is the most clinically effective derivative of ginseng. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of ginsenoside Rb1 on selenium induced renal toxicity in broilers. Forty, one day old chicks acclimatized for 14 days and divided into four groups; negative control, Selenium (Se) treated (0.48 mg Na2SeO3/kg b.wt.), Rb1 plus Se treated (100mg Rb1/kg b.wt. &amp; 0.48 mg Na2SeO3/kg b.wt.) and Rb1 treated (100 mg Rb1/ kg b.wt.) groups. Levels of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated. The pretreatment of chickens with Rb1 significantly ameliorate the degenerative effect of selenium over the biochemical parameters, electrolytes and improves the antioxidant activity. Taken together, it could be concluded that the pretreatment of ginsenoside Rb1 has a protective effects against renal injury induced by sodium selenite toxicosis. The ginsenoside Rb1 is thus can be utilized as a useful natural product tool to protect against selenium toxicosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21274 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 127-134

Toxicity induced by F. poae-contaminated feed and the protective effect of Montmorillonite supplementation in broilers

The T-2 and HT-2 toxins, the main metabolites of Fusarium poae, induce toxicity in broilers and accumulate in tissues. Consequently, during the breeding process of broilers, diets are frequently supplemented with physical adsorbents to protect birds against the toxicity induced by mycotoxins. In the present research, T-2 and HT-2 were produced in maize inoculated with F. poae. Mont, the strongest adsorbent based on in vitro adsorption ratios, was added to the contaminated diet. One-day-old chickens were randomly and equally divided into the following four groups: control diet group, Mont supplemented diet group, contaminated diet group and detoxification diet group. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Compared to the control group, the contaminated group showed significant decrease in body weight, feed intake and TP (P < 0.05), and marked increase in FCR, ALP, AST and ALT activity, T-2/HT-2 residues in the tissues and the relative expressions of apoptosis-related mRNAs (P < 0.05). Mont supplementation provided protection for the treated broilers in terms of performance, blood biochemistry, hepatic function, T-2/HT-2 residue of tissues and apoptosis. Therefore, Mont may be suitable as a detoxification agent for T-2/HT-2 in feed for broilers.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin C and Vitamin E and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Copper Toxicity in Broilers

This study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. A total of 240, 1-day-old, broilers were assigned to eight groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. The groups were fed on the following diets: control (basal diet), vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + vitamin E (250 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg diet), and copper (300 mg/kg diet) alone or in combination with the corresponding vitamins. At the 6th week, the body weights of broilers were decreased in copper, copper + vitamin E, and copper + vitamin C + vitamin E groups compared to control. The feed conversion ratio was poor in copper group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, iron, copper concentrations, and erythrocyte malondialdehyde were increased; plasma vitamin A and C concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were decreased in copper group compared to control. Glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and iron levels were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and copper levels were decreased in copper + vitamin C group, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E concentrations were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in copper with vitamin E group compared to copper group. The vitamin C concentrations were increased; copper, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde were decreased in copper + vitamin C + vitamin E group compared to copper group. To conclude, copper caused oxidative stress in broilers. The combination of vitamin C and vitamin E addition might alleviate the harmful effects of copper as demonstrated by decreased lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes.