Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) negatively affects broilers all over the world, in which the accretion of the growth plate (GP) develops into tibial proximal metaphysis. Plastrum testudinis extract (PTE) is renowned as a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bone healing agent. The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PTE for the treatment of thiram-induced TD chickens. Broilers (day old; n = 300) were raised for 3 days with normal feed. On the 4th day, three groups (n = 100 each) were sorted, namely, the control (normal diet), TD, and PTE groups (normal diet+ thiram 50 mg/kg). On the 7th day, thiram was stopped in the TD and PTE group, and the PTE group received a normal diet and PTE (30 mg/kg/day). Plastrum testudinis extract significantly restored (p < 0.05) the liver antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, serum biochemicals, GP width, and tibia weight as compared to the TD group. The PTE administration significantly increased (p < 0.05) growth performance, vascularization, AKT (serine/threonine-protein kinase), and PI3K expressions and the number of hepatocytes and chondrocytes with intact nuclei were enhanced. In conclusion, PTE has the potential to heal TD lesions and act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug in chickens exposed to thiram via the upregulation of AKT and PI3K expressions.
Highlights
Pesticides are a group of chemicals being utilized in agriculture for the eradication of weeds, pests, and diseases
The growth performance results revealed that the Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and Plastrum testudinis extract (PTE) groups had a positive correlation between daily feed consumption and the weight of the chickens, while there was a negative association in FCR
The FCR was significantly poor (p < 0.05) in the chickens exposed to thiram as compared to the control and PTE groups on day 18 which indicates lower weight gain and feed consumption
Summary
Pesticides are a group of chemicals being utilized in agriculture for the eradication of weeds, pests, and diseases. Because of their integration into living things directly or indirectly via air, soil, water or the food chain, their extensive usage is associated with toxicity in humans, livestock, and poultry [1]. Pesticides are frequently poisonous to other organisms, their detrimental effects depend on the type of species [2]. If a thiram-containing diet is offered to avian species, it can have a remarkable and damaging effect and can lead to tibial bone metabolic disorder known as tibial
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