Accumulation Of Toxic Elements Research Articles

Health Risk Assessment for Potential Toxic Elements in the Soil and Rice of Typical Paddy Fields in Henan Province.

The accumulation of potential toxic elements in agricultural soil and rice is of particular concern in China. However, studies on the risk assessment of these elements in regional soil-rice systems remain limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pollution status and potential health risk of potential toxic elements in typical paddy soil and rice in Henan Province. A total of 80 soil samples and corresponding rice samples were collected to determine the contents of Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni, and to assess their potential health risks to local consumers. Results showed that the average contents of these elements in soils were below the national risk screening values in GB15618-2018. Only the average content of Cr in rice exceeded the limit in GB 2762-2022 specified by the national food safety standard. The rates of exceeding the limits for Cd, Pb, As, and Cr in rice samples were 13.89%, 15.28%, 15.28%, and 27.78%, respectively. The health risk assessment indicated that rice intake for both adults and children caused carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to varying degrees. Local residents are advised to purchase rice from outside the study area to meet their daily needs and strictly regulate the pollution of potential toxic elements within the area.

Phosphorous accumulation associated with mitochondrial PHT3-mediated enhanced arsenate tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Arsenate is a highly toxic element and excessive accumulation of arsenic in the aquatic environment easily triggers a problem threatening the ecological health. Phytoremediation has been widely explored as a method to alleviate As contamination. Here, the green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated by profiling the accumulation of arsenate and phosphorus, which share the same uptake pathway, in response to arsenic stress. Both C. reinhardtii wild type C30 and the Crpht3 mutant were cultured under arsenic stress, and demonstrated a similar growth phenotype under limited phosphate supply. Sufficient phosphate obviously increased the uptake of polyphosphate and intercellular phosphate in the Crpht3 mutant, which increased the arsenic tolerance of the Crpht3 mutant under stress from 500 µmol L−1 As(V). Upregulation of the PHT3 gene in the Crpht3 mutant increased accumulation of phosphate in the cytoplasm under arsenate stress, which triggered a regulatory role for the differentially expressed genes that mediated improvement of the glutathione redox cycle, antioxidant activity and detoxification. While the wild type C30 showed weak arsenate tolerance because of little phosphate accumulation. These results suggest that the enhanced arsenic tolerance of the Crpht3 mutant is regulated by the PHT3 gene mediation. This study provides insight onto the responsive mechanisms of the PHT3 gene-mediated in alleviating arsenic toxicity in plants.

Health Risk Assessment for Potentially Toxic Elements Accumulation in Amaranthaceae Family Cultivars and their Correlation with Antioxidants and Antinutrients.

Delhi's agricultural hub, nestled along the Yamuna floodplains, faces soil and water contamination issues. Utilizing organic waste composts is gaining traction to improve soil quality, but uncertainties remain about their efficacy in reducing harmful elements. The study examined three Amaranthaceae cultivars, comparing organic waste composts with chemical fertilizer to evaluate correlations between heavy metals, antioxidants, and antinutrients to assess their bioremediation potential. "Heavy metals" or "potentially toxic elements (PTE)" levels in soil and leaves were measured by ICP-MS, while antioxidants and antinutrients were analyzed with UV-VIS spectroscopy. The study revealed higher PTE levels in floodplain soil, with Cr, Ni, and Cd exceeding safe limits in all cultivars. Compost amendments reduced these pollutants by 28% compared to chemical fertilizers, decreasing bioaccumulation by 20%. Health risk assessments showed lower risks in compost-amended cultivars. Additionally, compost amendment displayed a stronger negative correlation between PTE and antioxidants, suggesting effective bioremediation. Overall, compost amendments offer promise for mitigating PTE in metropolitan floodplains.

Potentially toxic elements of lake and wetland in Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Distribution, potential sources and risk assessment

The accumulation of toxic elements from sediments poses imminent threats to both the environment and humans. The variation of elements in different sedimentary systems within the same watershed is of significant importance for distinguishing the human activities and adopting relevant management strategies. Based on the surface sediment samples from the Lake Keluke and its wetland, the content and grain size of elements were analyzed. The human health risk indicated in the area the potentially toxic elements (PTEs: Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) were at no non-carcinogenic risk to adults or children. Except for Cd, the pollution levels of other PTEs were clean, and potential ecological risk with a low level. However, the pollution of Cd implicated a moderate to heavy pollution intensity and a high ecological risk. According to principal component analysis (PCA), and self-organizing maps (SOM), the main sources of PTEs were of the weathering and leaching of bedrocks; transportation and human agriculture activities. The watershed should reduce pollution caused by human activities and implement efficient agricultural practices.

Determination of Toxic Elements in Botanical Dietary Supplement Ingredient Reference Materials.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has produced over 40 botanical dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) and reference materials (RMs) with values assigned for chemical markers and/or active compounds. Although environmental accumulation or inadvertent introduction of toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) is a potential source of exposure in botanical dietary supplement products, the majority of the dietary supplement SRMs/RMs do not have values assigned for the four major toxic elements. To determine As, Cd, Pb, and Hg content in the current inventory of NIST botanical dietary supplement SRMs/RMs. Fifteen SRMs/RMs suites of plant part, extract, and finished products (i.e., solid oral dosage form [SODF]) were analyzed for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg using nitric acid microwave-assisted digestion followed by quantification using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results for control samples were in good agreement with certified values indicating that the analyses of 38 individual botanical SRMs/RMs were in control. Characterization of linked plant/extract SRMs/RMs derived from the same source materials demonstrated that while extraction processes can often yield extracts with lower toxic element content for Hg or As, it is also possible for mass fraction levels to remain unchanged or even to increase after extraction. The results fill significant knowledge gaps in toxic element content ranges for SRMs/RMs where no NIST assigned values existed, in particular for Hg content and for extract and SODF matrixes. With comprehensive toxic element content now available, researchers can better select appropriate dietary supplement SRMs/RMs for use as controls in the analysis of dietary supplement ingredients and products. Results for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg are reported for 38 dietary supplement SRMs/RMs including six suites of plant, extract, and SODF and nine pairs of plant and extract from the same batch of plant material.

Distribution of trace metals and metalloids in tissues of Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) from Southern Italy

Heavy metals and metalloids in the environment are recognised as a threat to the health of organism. Terrestrial birds are ideal subjects for the examination of these pollutants because of their high mobility and high intra- and interspecific variation in trophic levels. We examined the contents of 6 trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Sb and V) and metalloids (As) in the liver, kidney, muscle, and feathers of woodcocks (Scolopax rusticola) from Southern Italy by a validated ICP-MS method. Significant differences in trace elements were found in all the tissues examined (p < 0.05). The highest Sb and Cr levels were found in feathers samples with mean values of 0.019 mg/Kg and 0.085 mg/Kg, respectively. High Pb levels were found in muscle, with 23 % of the samples exceeding the limits set by the European Union. Cd was predominantly found in the kidney samples (0.76 mg/Kg). Vanadium was the less abundant trace metal, showing the highest concentrations in the liver (0.028 ± 0.011 mg/Kg). Higher As levels were found in muscle (0.02 ± 0.015 mg/Kg). No significant differences between sex and age classes (juveniles vs. adults) were found, nor were there correlations between morphometric parameters and trace metal/metalloid contents. Principal Component Analysis determined differences in metal accumulation between tissues. Feathers were confirmed as useful indicators of metal contamination. The results of this work confirmed that the accumulation of toxic elements in the tissues of woodcocks is primarily influenced by ecological traits such as feeding habits and migration status. Statistical analysis of the tissues would seem to exclude important accumulation phenomena of Pb. The high levels found in the muscle could be due to lead ammunition. This work provides the first data on the accumulation of As, Cr, Sb, and V in woodcocks tissue, providing a more comprehensive insight into the potential impact of these pollutants on birds.

Laurencia nipponica: New insight on the dependence-factors of element accumulation in iron-enriched seaweed from Mashike, Hokkaido

The present study aims to provide novel information on elemental correlation in specific macroalgae species. We evaluated the accumulation pattern of various elements (Fe, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Mn, and Zn) in Laurencia nipponica (Yamada), collected at different distances from the shoreline on the Betsukari coastline. Fe and Al accumulation patterns in L. nipponica were unique and were found to affect the accumulation of other trace elements. Our findings suggest that Fe and Al accumulation is linearly related to the accumulation of essential elements in L. nipponica. Using a Pearson’s correlation and Principal Component Analysis, a relationship was identified between environmental conditions (low total organic carbon and turbidity, but high chlorophyll and electroconductivity) and an increase in the accumulation of essential elements in L. nipponica and a reduction in the accumulation of non-biological or toxic elements. Hence, element accumulation may be dependent on environmental conditions. This study highlights the potential of L. nipponica as a biomarker to identify metal accumulation in the Fe-enriched artificial reef of the Mashike shoreline. This first report elucidates the correlation between inter-species elements and provides valuable insight into the using L. nipponica as an elemental biomarker in Fe-enriched artificial reefs.

Speciation, phytoavailability, and accumulation of toxic elements and sulfur by humic acid-fertilized lemongrass and common sage in a sandy soil treated with heavy oil fly ash: A trial for management of power stations wastes

Globally, power stations generate huge amounts of the hazardous waste heavy oil fly ash (HOFA), which is rich in Ni, V, Fe, S, and dumped into landfills. Thus, exploring new approaches for a safe recycling and sustainable management of HOFA is needed and of great environmental interest. The potential application of HOFA as an amendment to sandy soils has not been studied yet. This is the first research investigating the potentiality of using HOFA as a soil conditioner. To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment in order to investigate the impacts of HOFA addition (1.2, 2.4, 3.6 t ha−1) to sandy soil on the total and available content of nutrients (e.g., S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) and toxic elements (TEs; e.g., Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, V) in the soil and their phytoextraction and translocation by lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and common sage (Salvia officinalis). We also assessed the impact of humic acid (HA) foliar application (50 and 100 l ha−1) on the growth and elements accumulation by the two plants. The studied HOFA was acidic and highly enriched in S (43,268.0), V (3,527.0), Ni (1774.0), and Fe (15,159.0) (units in mg kg−1). The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data showed that V in HOFA was composed primarily of V(IV) sorbed onto goethite, V(V) sorbed onto humic substances, in the forms of V2O3, and VCl4. Addition of the lower doses of HOFA (1.2 and 2.4 t ha−1) did not change significantly soil pH, salinity, and the total and available elements content compared to the unamended soil. Although the elements content in the 3.6 t ha−1 HOFA-treated soil was significantly higher than the untreated, the total content of all elements (except for Ni) was lower than the maximum allowable concentrations in soils. HOFA addition, particularly in the highest dose (3.6 t ha−1), decreased significantly the growth and biomass of both plants. Common sage accumulated more elements than lemongrass; however, the elements content in the plants was lower than the critical concentrations for sensitive plants. The foliar application of humic acid enhanced significantly the plant growth and increased their tolerance to the HOFA-induced stress. We conclude that the addition of HOFA up to 2.4 t ha−1 in a single application as amendment to sandy soils is not likely to create any TE toxicity problems to plants, particularly if combined with a foliar application of humic acid; however, repeated additions of HOFA may induce toxicity. These findings should be verified under field conditions.

Elemental Analysis of Five Medicinal Plants Species Growing in North Ossetia Using Neutron Activation Analysis

One important category of traditional remedies is medicinal plants, which are widely consumed by the population and often subjected to contamination. For the first time, the elemental composition of five wild medicinal plants traditionally consumed in the Republic North Ossetia—brook-mint (Mentha longifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare), St. John’s wort (Hypеricum perforаtum), thyme (Thymus daghestanicus), and fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium)—and corresponding soil samples was determined. This investigation aimed to assess the degree of toxic element accumulation in plants and the possible toxic effect of the analyzed plants on human health. The analysis encompassed the quantification of 36 major and minor elements in soil samples, alongside the detection of 23 elements in plant samples using instrumental neutron activation analysis. According to contamination and enrichment factors, which were calculated in order to assess the level of soil pollution, elements such as As, Sb, Zn, and U in soil may originate from both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. In all plant samples, the most abundant major elements were K and Ca and their content ranged from 9870 to 49,500 mg·kg−1 and 5400 to 20,000 mg·kg−1, respectively, while among the microelements, Fe (54–2080 mg·kg−1) and Mn (27.8–190 mg·kg−1) can be highlighted as the most abundant. The transfer factor was calculated to estimate metal uptake from soil in plants. The highest values of the transfer factor were obtained for Mo, K, Ca, and Zn. The daily intake of metals and the health risk index were calculated to assess the safety of the collected plants. The health risk index was below the threshold for all plants suggesting a probable non-carcinogenic effect. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were used as classification techniques. The principal component analysis allowed us to define the main groups of elements and associate them with their sources of origin, while discriminant analysis enabled us to discriminate plant samples by species.

Multicontamination Toxicity Evaluation in the Model Plant Lactuca sativa L.

Many contaminated soils contain several toxic elements (TEs) in elevated contents, and plant-TE interactions can differ from single TE contamination. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of combined contamination (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) on the physiological and metabolic processes of lettuce. After 45 days of exposure, TE excess in soil resulted in the inhibition of root and leaf biomass by 40 and 48%, respectively. Oxidative stress by TE accumulation was indicated by markers-malondialdehyde and 5-methylcytosine-and visible symptoms of toxicity (leaf chlorosis, root browning) and morpho-anatomical changes, which were related to the change in water regime (water potential decrease). An analysis of free amino acids (AAs) indicated that TEs disturbed N and C metabolism, especially in leaves, increasing the total content of free AAs and their families. Stress-induced senescence by TEs suggested changes in gas exchange parameters (increase in transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration), photosynthetic pigments (decrease in chlorophylls and carotenoids), a decrease in water use efficiency, and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II. These results confirmed that the toxicity of combined contamination significantly affected the processes of lettuce by damaging the antioxidant system and expressing higher leaf sensitivity to TE multicontamination.

Review of soil environment quality in India near coal mining regions: current and future predictions.

Production and utilization of coal are one of the primary routes of accumulation of Toxic Elements (TEs) in the soil. The exploration of trends in the accumulation of TEs is essential to establishing a soil pollution strategy, implementing cost-effective remediation, and early warnings of ecological risks. This study provides a comprehensive review of soil concentrations and future accumulation trends of various TEs (Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn, and As) in Indian coal mines. The findings revealed that average concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Co surpass India's natural background soil levels by factors of 2, 4.05, 5.32, 1.77, 9.6, and 6.15, respectively. Geo-accumulation index values revealed that 27.3%, 14.3%, and 7.7% of coal mines are heavily polluted by Ni, Co, and Cu, respectively. Also, the Potential Ecological Risk Index indicates that Cd and Ni are primary contaminants in coal mines. Besides, the health risk assessment reveals oral ingestion as the main exposure route for soil TMs. Children exhibit a higher hazard index than adults, with Pb and Cr being major contributors to their non-carcinogenic risk. In addition, carcinogenic risks exist for females and children, with Cr and Cu as primary contributors. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that TEs (except Cd) accumulated in the soil from anthropogenic sources. The assessment of future accumulation trends in soil TE concentrations reveals dynamic increases that significantly impact both the ecology and humans at elevated levels. This study signifies a substantial improvement in soil quality and risk management in mining regions.

A comparative study of acquisition of heavy metals and its toxicological effects in fish species: Siluriformes and Channa punctata

The heavy metals damage fish's physiologic and chemical composition, causing structural damage and hindering their activities. Lucknow's fisheries sector, accounting for 1% of GDP, faces contamination from heavy metals, pesticides, and fertilizers. This study examines heavy metal levels in Siluriformes and Channa punctata fish and their buildup in the Gomati River water reservoir. Fish samples from the Gomati River near Lucknow, India, were collected and dissected into pieces with stainless steel blades. The samples were then dried at 100°C for 24 hours, revealing the anatomical features of Siluriformes and Channa punctata species. The Pb, a heavy metal, was found to have the highest concentration in the scales of Siluriformes, with values in various regions, while Cd had the lowest concentration, ranging from 0.016 to 0.112 mg/kg. Excessive consumption of fish can be dangerous due to toxic metallic elements accumulation. Siluriformes and Channa punctata fish species have high levels of Lead and Cadmium, respectively, indicating potential health risks. Channa punctata and Siluriformes fish have higher heavy metal concentrations than Siluriformes, with lead, iron, and nickel levels beyond WHO limits, while chromium, zinc, cadmium, and copper levels are below WHO limits.

Toxicity of vapor-gas flows from technogenic substance

The relevance. Vapor-gas flows from technogenic substances (storage wastes of the mining industry), carrying a high amount of potentially toxic elements, are a big problem for the environment and the population, because metals and metalloids in the composition of emanations are in an easily digestible bioavailable forms and are able to easily penetrate into living organisms. The main aim of this study is an assessment of toxicity for living organisms of air mixtures containing gaseous products emitted by a surfaces of mine tailings freely located near settlements and under the influence of climatic factors and microorganisms. Methods. Carrying out experiments with white rats male Wistar, analysis of organs for the content of a wide range of elements by ICP-MS on a NexION 300D mass spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA) (PNL GGC IShPR TPU). In the experiment, a pooled sample of the waste substance was used. The sample was analyzed for the content of oxides of the silicate group by XRF using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer ARL-9900-XP (Thermo Electron Corporation, Switzerland) at the Laboratory of X-ray Spectral Analysis Methods of the IGM SB RAS; elemental analysis was carried out by ICP-MS using an ELAN-9000 DRC-e instrument Perkin Elmer, USA (HAC Plasma). Results. Under the influence of vapor-gas emanations from the substance of arsenide tailings of the Tuvacobalt plant on a group of rats male Wistar, pathological changes occurred in the experimental group. Small foci of hemorrhages formed in the lungs, the tissues became edematous and inflamed. The liver of all animals increased, the share structure became sharply expressed, the color became light beige. Single hemorrhages were found in the kidneys. The vessels of the meninges are dilated, petechial hemorrhages are observed. The synthetic function of cells and the stability of cellular and intracellular membranes were disrupted, first of all, the endothelium of blood vessels was affected, the physiological functioning of organs and tissues was disrupted with the accumulation of intermediate products of biochemical reactions, determined macroscopically. Also, dystrophy of internal organs was determined, in particular, the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. Elemental analysis of animal organs showed the accumulation of toxic elements in comparison with the control group. The most characteristic elements, the excess of which was recorded in most cases, are mercury and arsenic. They were unevenly distributed throughout the organs. Mercury accumulated mainly in the lungs, kidneys and liver, while arsenic accumulated mainly in the liver and brain. This may indicate the entry of mercury and arsenic ions in a biologically available form into the bloodstream by inhalation, and local irritating and toxic effects on the lungs were not prevailing, and the liver was the most damaged organ according to the results of toxicochemical and morphological studies. The homeostasis of micro and macro elements is finely regulated, and any concentration imbalance in the form of a deficiency leads to a progressive decrease and disruption of normal biological function, to severe physiological and clinical outcomes, which we observed from the results of the experiment. The data obtained proved the acute toxic effect of vapor-gas flows on living organisms, and also confirmed the possibility of the removal of many chemical elements in easily accessible and assimilable forms.

The rhizosphere microbiome reduces the uptake of arsenic and tungsten by Blechnum orientale by increasing nutrient cycling in historical tungsten mining area soils

The growth of pioneer plants in metal mining area soil is closely related to their minimal uptake of toxic elements. Pioneer plants can inhibit the uptake of toxic elements by increasing nutrient uptake. However, few studies have focused on the mechanisms by which the rhizosphere microbiome affect nutrient cycling and their impact on the uptake of toxic elements by pioneer plants. In this study, we selected Blechnum orientale to investigate the potential roles of the rhizosphere microbiome in nutrient cycling and plant growth in a historical tungsten (W) mining area. Our results showed that while the arsenic (As) and W contents in the soil were relatively high, the enrichment levels of As and W in the B. orientale were relatively low. Furthermore, we found that the As and W contents in plants were significantly negatively correlated with soil nutrients (S, P and Mo), suggesting that elevated levels of these soil nutrients could inhibit As and W uptake by B. orientale. Importantly, we found that these nutrients were also identified as the most important factors shaping rhizosphere microbial attributes, including microbial diversity, ecological clusters, and keystone OTUs. Moreover, the genera, keystone taxa and microbial functional genes enriched in the rhizosphere soils from mining areas played a key role in nutrient (S, P and Mo) bioavailability, which could further increase the nutrient uptake by B. orientale. Taken together, our results suggest that rhizosphere microorganisms can improve pioneer plant growth by inhibiting toxic element accumulation via the increase in nutrient cycling in former W mining areas.

Interaction between soil water saturation and toxic element accumulation in woody plants (Freiberg region, Germany)

ABSTRACT Relationships between soil water saturation (SWS) and the accumulation of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in soils and aboveground biomass of Populus tremula and Salix caprea were explored. SWS was computed with the hydrological model ParFlow/CLM and compared to data from field observations. Plant and soil samples collected at the main pollution sources contained the highest concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb. S. caprea contained higher concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb than P. tremula. In both species, metal(loid) concentrations in leaves were significantly higher than in branches. At strongly mining-affected locations, metalloid concentration in the trees largely reflected the pollution levels in the soil. In remote study locations, the soil–plant transfer of Cd and Pb was affected by water saturation: element accumulation increased significantly with soil moisture. Results demonstrate that coupling field observations with hydrological modelling is a promising approach for estimating element accumulation.

Effects of aluminium on antioxidative system in native species of the Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest (Caatinga)

ABSTRACT Changes in soil resulting from agricultural practices can lead to acidification and the accumulation of toxic elements, such as Al3+. In acidic soils, aluminium solubility decreases nutrient availability, causing biochemical and morphophysiological changes that impede plant growth. This study aimed to determine how native species respond to the effects of Al3+ and its impact on their persistence in the environment. Soil samples were collected in areas with and without Al3+ in a natural regeneration zone. Leaves of three herbaceous species prevalent in the rainy season underwent biochemical analysis. The results revealed that Al3+ influenced enzymatic activity in Ayenia erecta, reducing superoxide dismutase and increasing ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. Pavonia varians exhibited an accumulation of H2O2 and a reduction in ascorbate peroxidase, while Sida galheirensis demonstrated an accumulation of sucrose and a reduction in proline levels in areas affected by Al3+, without changes in enzymatic activity or the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The presence of 0.31 cmolc/dm³ of Al3+ was insufficient to induce lipid peroxidation in the studied species. Overall, the species responded differently to aluminium, impacting oxidative stress and potentially influencing their survival in the environment. These results provide insights into conservation practices and sustainable management in arid areas.

Mineral profile and heavy metals bioaccumulation in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, L.) larvae and frass across diverse organic substrates

Organic wastes from vegetable mix (V) and butchers (B) were used as substrates (V100%, V75%+B 25%, and V50%+B50%) for Hermetia illucens to assess the mineral profile of the larvae and frass, and the potential bioaccumulation of toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Hg). The V100 larvae had the highest concentrations of all minerals, except for Se and P, higher in the control group (poultry diet as substrate) (p < .01). The V50B50 and V75B25 larvae showed lower (p < .01) mineral concentrations than the other groups. The V50B50 group had the highest (p < .01) bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for Cd (8.52%), the V100 for Pb (p < .01). The equations to estimate the mineral content of larvae from the substrate were significant only for Ca and Mg (p < .05). The V100 frass had the highest (p < .01) levels of As, Cd, Pb, Fe, K and Mg, while the control group showed the highest (p < .01) levels of Se, Zn, Ca, P and K. Toxic elements can accumulate in black soldier fly larvae and frass, with the exception of Hg. However, organic wastes from V and B had a very low content of toxic elements and that strongly reduced the risk of excessive bioaccumulation in larvae. Indeed, the content of toxic elements in larvae is lower than the maximum values established for feed materials by EU regulations. In conclusion, organic substrates from vegetables or butchery wastes can be used for BSF larvae growth without the risk of accumulation of toxic elements.

Коррекция дисэлементоза у детей первого года жизни, внутриутробное развитие которых проходило в условиях военного конфликта

Aim. To study peculiarities and to optimise the micro- and macroelemental status of children during the first year of life, the prenatal development of which fell at a military conflict. Design. Phase one was a retrospective analysis of medical documents (medical history of a pregnant woman, labour and delivery medical record, infant's record; phase two was comparison of the elemental composition of children's hair. Materials and methods. The study included 154 children less than a year of age: prenatal development of 81 children fell at a military conflict (study group) and 73 children — during the time of peace (controls). Children in both groups were formula-fed as their mothers had agalactia because of stress caused by military actions. Elemental composition of children's hair was determined using an AAC 2280 Perkin Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer (USA); identified diselementosis was corrected with introduction of an adapted and enriched formula, and the analysis was repeated in 6 months. Results. The first analysis revealed imbalance in micro- and macroelemental composition of children's hair in the study group: lower levels of iron, copper, selenium, magnesium, zinc, manganese and potassium, as well as accumulation of toxic elements — lead, cadmium, chrome. A repeated analysis showed significant optimisation of essential micro- and macroelements, as well as reduction in the level of toxic microelements in children's hair. Conclusion. Prenatal development during an active military conflict causes diselementosis, which leads to somatic pathologies in children of both neonates and infants. An optimal formula makes it possible to correct elemental imbalances during the first year of child's life. Keywords: diselementosis, essential and toxic elements, correction.

Изучение элементного статуса населения различных промышленных районов как индикатора экологического загрязнения

Today, studies of the content and effect of chemical elements on the body are relevant. It is especially important to conduct such research in areas exposed to negative environmental factors (for example, industrial pollution of the atmosphere, soil pollution with chemicals, etc.). At the same time, fluctuations in the content of trace elements in the environment inevitably affect living organisms, including humans. Thus, the accumulation of toxic chemical elements in environmental objects is highly likely to lead to an imbalance in the elemental composition of the human body. At the same time, there is not only an excess content of heavy metals, but also a deficiency of essential trace elements. All this affects human health, body functioning, immunity, etc. Therefore, the accumulation of chemical elements in the human body should be investigated in order to correct the elemental status. Also, the assessment of the content of elements in the human body and its individual biosubstrates can serve to monitor the environmental situation in a particular territory. Keywords: ELEMENTAL STATUS, INDUSTRY, TRACE ELEMENTS, HEAVY METALS, TOXIC ELEMENTS

VARIABILITY OF THE TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF UNDERGROUND AND ABOVEGROUND SHOOTS OF NONEA ROSSICA STEV.

To create phytomedicines for the treatment of dyselementoses with reproducible pharmacological effects, it is necessary to know within what limits the content of microelements can vary in commercial thickets of herbs. The aim this work was to determine variability of the content of microelements in the underground and aboveground organs of Nonea rossica Stev.The above-ground and underground shoots of the plant was collected on the territory of the Novosibirsk region. The content of plant biogenic elements B, K, P, V, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Si, Zn, Ni, Co and toxic elements was determined by mass spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. The main statistical parameters – the mean value, the coefficient of variation and confidence intervals were defined and they were analyzed for homogeneity using the Wilcoxon test.As a result of the research, it was found that N.rossica naturally absorbs microelements that are biogenic for the plant organism, which accumulate in the aboveground organs of the plant and their quantitative content have little variability .Exogenous pollution makes a significant contribution to the accumulation of toxic elements and conditionally toxic elements, which leads to a large variability of their quantitative content.