History Of Town Research Articles

L’archipel Butor. Une régénération, par la culture, d’un village soumis à la métropolisation genevoise

Regeneration, as usually presented, implies economic death. Lucinges, a village located in the French Genevese, does not have this characteristic, its regeneration started from a substratum of cultural death. Geneva concentrates all forms of urban culture and thus by its metropolitan size, sterilizes all cultural development on its outlying territories. The functional approach crushes the initial rural culture, engaging Lucinges in a trivialisation’s process. The municipality decided to get out of this standardisation by creating a strong cultural venue which would unite inhabitants and structure the elected official decisions. Michel Butor’s put forward by his donation to the town is became the village’s new cultural identity, bringing coherence to speeches and projects. The school, the library, the mansion, the Butor house will reshape the town center geography and history. They participate in a strong symbolic representation of the territory forming the Butor Archipelago. The desire to inscribe Lucinges in its modern time, without giving up the génie du lieu, allows the implantation of contemporary architecture as an expression of the local project. It is not a marketing process. These remarkable circumstances, allow an architect to work in a village center through successive projects. The successive additions are an opportunity to materialize a though about contemporary architecture as a regeneration of an identity. It is the set of gradually constituted logics which connects the projects with an unwritten rule. The criticism of previous achievements feeds the global thought for future projects. The emergence of those islands reveals the archipelago.

El altepetl nahua como paisaje: un modelo geográfico para la Nueva España y el México Independiente

Altepetl fue el concepto que, en idioma náhuatl, significó la relación entre las comunidades indígenas y su entorno vital antes de la conquista española. Este artículo sintetiza en un modelo las características de este concepto fundamental no sólo para entender la historia de los pueblos de origen mesoamericano sino sobre todo su geografía a escala local. Altepetl refiere al mismo tiempo a la gente y a un territorio soberano con todos los recursos de los que se puede disponer en él. Durante la época colonial los españoles negociaron ese concepto permitiendo que muchas prácticas tradicionales continuaran y en la época del México independiente aún es posible detectar continuidades. Este modelo de larga duración deriva del estudio de una serie de casos específicos del México central en los que se hizo tanto trabajo de campo como análisis etnohistórico y propone el uso del concepto paisaje para hacerlo más inteligible a la hora de implementar políticas públicas que favorezcan a las comunidades.

How Historical Seismology Can Benefit from Bureaucracy: The Case of the “Lettere Patenti” in the City of Rome in 1703

Abstract The 1703 Mw 6.9 seismic sequence (I0 11 Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg scale) was one of the most important crises ever occurred in Italy and has left a deep mark on the seismic history of cities and towns of central Italy. Abundant documents testify the damage suffered by the city of Rome during this sequence; however, the descriptions are mainly referred to monumental buildings. For the recent macroseismic practice, such edifices are not statistically representative when used for assessing macroseismic intensity; instead, the information about residential housing provides reliable data especially when using the European Macroseismic Scale 1998. In this work, we show that useful information regarding the ordinary residential stock can be retrieved in the bureaucratic documentation, apparently distant from the repertoires traditionally used for historical seismology studies. In particular, we used administrative acts granted by the government of Rome to authorize maintenance works on the external parts of the buildings, namely the “Lettere Patenti.” The scrutiny of these sources allowed us to enrich the available dataset introducing 93 new damage points found on civil building stock spread in the historic center of Rome. The new dataset contributes to better define the picture of the effects of the 1703 seismic sequence in Rome, which allowed us to assess macroseismic intensity with more confidence.

MERCHANTS IN DEVELOMPENT OF SIBERIAN CITIES IN THE 19-20th CENTURES (THE TYUMEN AND TOBOLSK CASE STUDIES)

The article covers historical and cultural heritage of Tyumen and Tobolsk, which are the capitals of the Tobolsk region. Historical cities of Siberia have rich historical, cultural and architectural heritage. The aim of this work is to assess the role of merchantry in the architectural image of West Siberian cities such as Tyumen and Tobolsk.The novelty lies in a full analysis of historical buildings of Tyumen and Tobolsk, identification of the role of local merchantry in establishing their architectural image and preservation of historical and architectural heritage.The scientific methods include a complex scientific analysis of historical archives and of bibliographical sources, a systems and architectural analyses of the research findings. Practically, the research results can be used in preparation of lectures, papers and essays on the history of the Siberian architecture.The work is based on theories and methods of historians and architects, and the full-scale experiment carried out by the authors in the years 2013−2019.It is shown that merchant buildings are extremely valuable. The majority of the assessed buildings are historical and architectural monuments of the local and federal significance. Buildings financed from merchant’s funds preserve knowledge about the history of towns, urban planning culture of the region, development of architectural styles, social and economic standards of the West Siberian cities late in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

A History of Koshe Town in South-Central Ethiopia from 1941 to 1991

Abstract Koshe town is the administrative and commercial center of Mareko woreda.1 It is found in Gurage Zone Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Regional State. According to the tradition the origin of the name “Koshe” is originated from the plant which called by the name Koshe which abundantly grow in the area. The establishment of Koshe town is directly associated with the five years Italian occupation. Due to the expansion of patriotic movement in the area Italian officials of the area forced to establish additional camp in the area in a particular place Koshe. This paper explores the role of Fascist Italy for the establishment of Koshe town. The former weekly market shifted its location and established around the Italian camp. Following the evacuation of Fascist Italy the Ethiopian governments control the area. During the government of Emperor Haile Selassie Koshe town got some important developmental programs. The most important development was the opening of the first school by the effort of the Swedes.2 The Military regime (Derg)3 also provided important inputs for the urbanization of Koshe town. This research paper observes the development works that flourish in Koshe during the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie and the Military regime, and also asses the role of different organizations for the urbanization of Koshe town.

Xamissa by Henk Rossouw

Reviewed by: Xamissa by Henk Rossouw Christian Bancroft (bio) Henk Rossouw. Xamissa. Fordham University Press. Henk Rossouw's debut poetry collection, Xamissa, published by Fordham University Press in 2018 as a part of their Poets Out Loud Series, represents a letter of complicated intimacy and affection to Rossouw's birth city, Cape Town, South Africa. The title of the book stems from the word "Camissa," which Dutch colonists believed was the Khoe term for "place of sweet waters." The Dutch arrived in Cape Town in 1652 on behalf of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC), or the Dutch East India Company, which was founded because of a government-directed merger of six small Dutch companies (voorcompagnieën). Rossouw stylizes the VOC as , the company's logo, which functions as a haunting visual vestige of colonialism throughout the book. "Camissa," however, was a "linguistic error." Rossouw informs us in the introduction that "Colonists likely mistook the Khoe words for water, freshwater, to mean an actual place." Rossouw reassures us that Cape Town's "legendary springs and streams exist," and has himself waded and swam in them. The X in "Xamissa," according to Rossouw, "stands for … the intersecting languages of Cape Town past and present," and originates from the double album Dream State by jazz composer Kyle Shepherd, on which one of the tracks is named "Xamissa." Following the "Proloog," which details the above information, Rossouw includes a copy of his South African birth certificate. Before the collection begins, we are witnesses to Rossouw's most bureaucratic form of identification, one that exposes his date of birth, gender, and race. It's a vulnerable gesture and might, under other circumstances, be read as sentimental, but Rossouw makes clear that his origins are intertwined in the socio-political histories of Cape Town. Xamissa is divided into six more sections after the "Proloog," and this structure Rossouw has established befits the book. The beginning of the book introduces us to the author in the most exposed fashion and with each subsequent section, the poems become increasingly more entwined in archival research, concluding with the book's most profound statement on Cape Town's history and its future, "Helena | Lena |." This isn't to say that Xamissa becomes less personal as the book continues; on the contrary, even in the final section, Rossouw [End Page 178] threads his own subjectivity into the narrative in such a way that he interrogates Cape Town's colonial past, its democratic present, and its future in conjunction with what it means to be an Afrikaner born in 1977, just before the election of Pieter Willem "P.W." Botha—an opponent of black majority rule and international communism—as Prime Minister. As a result of these socio-political dimensions in Xamissa, the book doesn't serve so much as a counterpoint to the personal dimensions of Rossouw's life as they serve as a complement to these aspects of the book. For example, in the section "The Dream of the Road," Rossouw presents us with an intimate scene involving his father riding a "1300 c.c. six-cylinder" Kawasaki bike that Rossouw washed on Sundays and on which he rode pillion. Rossouw's father was a part of the "Kingdom Riders," a motorcycle gang rooted in the Christian faith. Rossouw and his father rode with Oom, or Uncle, Ibby, a "Coloured" who was forced to live segregated in a separate, residential development because of the Group Areas Act. Ibby's girlfriend, Jesse, from the rival motorcycle club Black Widows, would "dialect / [Henk's] father's name," turning "Eugene into Denie," which "sounds like genie," and Rossouw supplements this memory by asserting "In Afrikaans, anything / can happen." The moment is at once tender, nostalgic, and haunting, not in the least because we find out earlier in the poem that "Jesse died young" from a motorcycle accident. At the end of the poem, Rossouw describes a recurring scene from his childhood when he wrestled his father at home on the carpet. If he won, Rossouw would be hoisted up, reminding the poet of Jesse "in heaven, an upended bucket with a palace on top / ablaze like Caltex the refinery, my night light." "Doppler...

К истории урбанонимии провинциального города: названия варнишных мест старинной Нерехты

This research is devoted to the study of historical toponyms of the town of Nerekhta, Kostroma Region. The onyms chosen for analysis are from the town’s medieval period associated with the territory’s oldest trade – salt production and saltworks – now lost. Those include names of saltworks Redensky pochinok and Sovkova Movka, that survive in historical documents and are also found in the scientific book of Mikhail Diyev «The History of the Town of Nerekhta». To date, these names have disappeared from the town’s toponomicon due to lack of topicality. Detailed lingual and etymological analysis of the lexical units, which are part of historical toponyms, allows to identify some common features characteristic of Slavic onyms, to establish the territory of their distribution, to trace the transformations they underwent, to identify certain processes of language and ethnic origin of the territory under study; the latter, in turn, helps cast a light upon the history of settlement of Slavs of the previously Finno-Ugric, presumably Merya, lands.

DOCUMENTING, RESEARCHING AND PROMOTING URBAN HISTORY IN UKRAINE: EXPERIENCES OF THE CENTER FOR URBAN HISTORY IN LVIV

The article presents establishing and developing the Center for Urban History in Lviv as a part of the larger trend to promote and institutionalize urban history and urban studies in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Discussing founding ideas and program, as well as their further implementation gives an insight into academic as well as public landscapes of urban research, both locally and internationally. The Center was founded in 2004 as a private foundation in Vienna and two years later, in 2006, the office was established in Lviv to launch its program activities. Major objectives of the Center are to promote research on the history of cities and towns in Eastern and Central Europe; to advance urban history as an interdisciplinary field and a platform for international cooperation; to enhance critical understanding of urban history and heritage in cooperation with local and international institutions; to engage into contemporary cultural life in the city and thus contribute to public and open engagement with the past. Three major focuses of work of the Center were gradually shaped and now they include research, digital archiving, digital and public history.
 While initially many projects focused on Lviv, expanding geographical scope was part of the development of the institution.Therefore, presently, the interests include various urban experiences, such as of historical cities, Soviet cities, industrial and mono-industrial, multiethnic cities, as well as the cities surviving conflicts and violent transformations. Over the 10 years of its activities, the Center has become both the institution to conduct research and an instrumental actor to transform symbolic spaces of Lviv, the place for discussions and presentation of results of other studies and initiatives, a platform for informal educational practices and a laboratory to develop new ways of contextualizing, representing and using different archival media and documents. Different formats such as schools, conferences, workshops, seminars, lectures, presentations and round tables, exhibitions, interactive maps, digitalization and promotion of collections of photo and video materials, and educational programs for children and adults constitute our program activities and help engaging broader academic and non-academic audiences into a dialogue to promote participatory historical culture in Ukraine.

Historic Atlases of Polish Towns – status at the end of 2018

Abstract. The Historic Atlas of Polish Towns, which makes up a part of an international project covering the towns of Europe, has been implemented in Poland since the early 1990s. This project was presented recently at the poster session during the 26th International Cartographic Conference in Germany (Dresden 2013). In consequence of subsequent files of the Atlas for twenty Polish towns being published in the past five years, their presenting within the panel session, during 29 ICC (Tokyo'2019) seems of importance. Polish towns for which the atlases were developed are: Bochnia, Chojnice, Fordon, Gliwice, Jelenia Góra, Kętrzyn, Koronowo, Milicz, Mrągowo, Namysłów, Oława, Ostróda, Sandomierz, Strzegom, Strzelin, Wieliczka, Włocławek, Wrocław, Ząbkowice Śląskie and Ziębice. Familiarizing the public with this cycle of historic atlases consitutes also a good opportunity to recall the origins of the project as its history dates back to the mid-1960s, and thus is similar to the history of the cycles of International Cartographic Conferences. The basic principles for editing historic atlases of towns were worked out at the 1968 Oxford conference of historians and cartographers, and then, discussed again and supplemented with the principles for unified edition, at the 1995 Münster (Germany) „Atlas Publishers” conference. In 1965, the International Commission for the History of Towns gave an impulse to the historic atlases of towns, during the Vienna Congress, when it decided to place in its programme, the patronage over the edition of towns’ atlases. Given the recommendations of this Commission, historic atlases of European towns shall be published in the form of separate files for each town and so that the necessary minimum includes the following four principal maps for each town:the 19th century cadastral plan, that is from a pre-industrial period, at a scale of 1 : 2,500;the 19th century map, contemporary with the cadastral plan, generally at a scale of 1 : 25,000;a spatial development plan for the town from the Mediaeval to contemporary times, at a scale of 1 : 5,000;a modern town plan. Regardless of this, atlases may contain (according to the capabilities of publishers) thematic maps and reproductions of the most interesting cartographic sources and panoramas. However, this assumption can be implemented only in the case the suitable cartographic sources have been preserved. For example, one of the most voluminous atlases among those listed above is the Atlas of Wrocław dated from 2017, counting 110 maps and plans. An integral part of each atlas, as a scientific study, is a concise historic commentary, describing the history of the town, with particular emphasis put on its spatial layout development. Notwithstanding the main scientific objective, individual files of the Atlas can also be useful for other needs, and in particular for:urban, architectural and conservation works, environmental protection;schools and universities’ teaching and didactic objectives;popularizing towns' past. In accordance with the idea of the International Commission for the History of Towns, the main task of this edition of atlases shall be founding a single source database for research on the urbanization of Europe and spatial changes of towns. Therefore, it must also have its language adapted so as to fulfill this function. It is necessary to use in comments and explanations, not only the national language, but also one of the congress languages (English, French, Spanish, German, Russian, or Italian). For the edition of Polish atlases, the German language was chosen primarily, due to the particular interest of our western neighbours, in the history of Polish towns. There happen, however, explanations in both; German and English. Initially, the project of the historic atlas of Polish towns was carried out only in Toruń by a team under the guidance of Roman Czaja (historical editing) and Zenon Kozieł (cartographic editing). In the subsequent years, work on the historic atlas of the Śląsk/Silesian towns was taken over by the Wrocław team under the guidance of Marta Młynarska-Kaletynowa (currently of Rafał Eysymontt) whereas the Kraków team, published atlases of the Małopolska/Little Poland towns under the guidance of Zdzisław Noga. Up to now, under the patronage of the International Commission for the History of Towns, atlases for over 530 towns from eighteen European states have been published (https://www.ria.ie/research-projects/irish-historic-towns-atlas/ european-project), of which 34 (i.e. 6,5%) are those made for Polish towns.

Experience of a Historical and Cultural Study of Urban Environment

The article presents a previously understudied regional history aspect related to the origin, development and everyday life of the 16th Military Town in Omsk. It reveals the relation of the issue to the historiography of the problem on the scale of Siberian region. The objective of the research is to study the history of the 16th Military Town in Omsk by solving compound tasks. The authors analyse the microdistrict construction stages, reveal the main impact factors; study the military disposition within the microdistrict with regard to the local history. The research is based on a number of sources (previously unpublished documents from the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region and reference books) to restore the different stages of the Military Town history and construction, as well as the military disposition within the district as much as possible. The provided data form the foundation for a conclusion on the uniqueness of the 16th Military Town as a historical and cultural space of the urban environment from the perspective of history and culture studies

Historical Atlas of Polish Towns - between source edition and the cartographic presentation of research on the history of towns

The article presents the organizational frameworks and methodological problems connected with undertaking the editorial project titled „Historical Atlas of Polish Towns”, which is a part of the international initiative „European Historical Town Atlas” under the auspices of International Commission for the History of Towns. The author underlines a diversified source foundations for the base maps' edition, which, in case of „Historical Atlas of Polish Towns”, was a measurement map; for the towns located in the area of the former Austrian Partition the maps elaborated within the cadastre in 1819-1859 served as a basis of the edition. However, in the former Prussian Partition (Silesia and Pomerania), the cadastre maps elaborated on the grounds of the bill from 1961 proved to be more problematic – the defects of particular map sheets and their incomplete condition forced the editors to use the maps elaborated in different times and according to different measurements. In the article, a great scientific value of the maps' reproductions is presented, an attempt to characterize the maps on the spatial development of the cities is undertaken, and urban history studies on particular topics are mentioned. In the conclusions, the determinants and scientific objectives resulting in the changes in the editorial principles and the content of the published European Atlases are addressed. The primary trends identified are the postulate to include in the atlases the cartographic sources and historical and iconographic materials from the 19th and 20th c., as well as the use of Geographic Information Systems in publishing the editorial achievement in the form of geoportals or other electronic resources.

Teacher Professional Change at the Cultural Interface

This is a co-constructed narrative between both Marie, an early career teacher, Stephen an artist and colleague in the school's creative arts faculty and Colin, an Aboriginal teacher and researcher. They met throughout 2012 and discussed issues that related to their discursive interactions that occurred in this small rural school between its teachers and the town's largely Aboriginal community. These discussions were conducted within the context, of Marie's experiences as a new scheme teacher, Stephen's reflexive observations as a teacher of many years' experience and Colin, who had worked with the school on various curriculum projects. These narratives give witness to their experiences, their failures and successes and of the discursive concerns seen to affect school student success and community relationships. These narratives connect with the town's history of race relations and the aspirations and concerns of Aboriginal people living in this community. This paper, which focuses on Marie's efforts to engage her Year 8 music students in the new and 'alien' environment is juxtaposed with Stephen's, whose commentary, based on proximity and practice, gives a counter insight into the world of teaching. This paper is a three-way critical reflection on the place of contested and conflicted relationships between teachers and students, the impact of teachers' limited appreciation of the histories of this community and its impact on their lives.

Voyages pittoresques et romantiques dans l’ancienne France. Normandie (1820–1821): a specific genre of travel literature in the Stroganovs’ family library

ABSTRACTThis article presents a case study of a collection of prints titled Voyages pittoresques et romantiques dans l’ancienne France. Normandie (1820–1821) that is housed in the Research Library at Tomsk State University as part of the Stroganovs’ family library. The edition is considered as an example of the genre of “voyages pittoresque” (pictorial journey). The genre encompasses two varieties: a scientific and an artistic literary journey. Both involve two modes of expression: a pictorial and a textual one, with the latter incorporating such structural elements as descriptions of geography, history, exterior and interior images of cities, towns, temples and castles, mentions of local legends and works of fiction, as well as first-hand impressions of travellers during their visits to the area. The core of the text is a myth about a confrontation between time and culture, revealing itself in history and architecture, visual perception of history and description of “les lieux de mémoire”.

Jaclyn Hyde by Annabeth Bondor-Stone

Reviewed by: Jaclyn Hyde by Annabeth Bondor-Stone Kate Quealy-Gainer Bondor-Stone, Annabeth Jaclyn Hyde; written by Annabeth Bondor-Stone and Connor White. Harper, 2019 [240p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-06-267145-5 $16.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-0-06-267147-9 $7.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 4-6 Usually the picture of perfection (straight As, team player, excellent baker, etc.), eighth-grader Jaclyn nearly falls to pieces when, in the matter of a few hours, she burns the cookies she was baking for a friend's birthday, accidentally covers her garage floor with lava from a science project gone awry, and loses her pet bunny, Charles. Her hunt for Charles leads her to Enfield Manor, the dilapidated mansion that is rumored to be the old lab of a mad scientist. There Jaclyn finds a formula for a "Perfection Potion," which she then concocts, but rather than returning her to her former flawlessness, the potion brings out the worst in her, transforming her into "Jackie," a monster that will do anything—including destroying other people's works and hurting her friends—to maintain Jaclyn's illusion of excellence. The dialogue has wit and charm, and there's genuine appeal in the quirkiness of the story, from a moose-obsessed teacher, to Jaclyn's clueless friend, to the over-the-top school musical about the small town's history. The message that perfection isn't everything is occasionally heavy handed, but the book also highlights the fact that Jaclyn's expectations of herself were compounded by those of others, who were so used to seeing her succeed that they didn't consider the pressure cooker they had put Jaclyn in and its inevitable explosion. Type A kids will sympathize with Jaclyn's need to be the best, but they may also get a wicked thrill from Jackie's rebellion [End Page 335] and want to look for Robert Louis Stevenson's original "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." KQG Copyright © 2019 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Aleksandar Deroko - obnova Smedereva nakon eksplozije 5. Juna 1941. godine

Aleksandar Deroko had a noteworthy and decisive impact on the architectural culture of Smederevo. This paper will not treat the issue of his exceptional work on evaluating and protecting the medieval Smederevo Fortress, but rather it will focus on a very specific period during which Deroko, as an architect, set up a significant number of parameters for a new vision for Smederevo's urban culture. This vision is embodied in his projects and architectural realisations in one of the most delicate periods of the town's history, during its reconstruction that lasted a few years after a horrific wartime explosion nearly wiped Smederevo off the map, on 5 June 1941. In spite of many different ideological and political reasons, a comprehensive historical and monographic assessment of Deroko's works in Smederevo had not been made to this date. This paper will assess subjects such as Deroko's relationship with the city's historical and cultural heritage, political and ethical qualities of this relationship during a delicate period in Serbian history, and architectural and aesthetic principles that affected the way Deroko would shape his work in Smederevo and his vision for a rebuilt city. Lastly, this paper will hint at the qualifications of his work in Smederevo and its impact on the present-day town.

The Forgotten Girl by India Hill Brown

The Forgotten Girl by India Hill Brown Reviewed by Kiri Palm Middle-schooler Iris feels forgotten. Her parents are too busy with her little sister, Vashti, and they constantly command Iris to make accommodations for the four-year-old. As one of the few African-American kids in her class, she wonders if her school intentionally excludes her from activities; it certainly ignores the accomplishments of the step team she captains. Her teachers scold her for minor offenses, even when the popular white girls like Heather Benson are more deserving of their ire. Her mother assures her that fame and praise aren't things she should seek out, but Iris can't help feeling like the whole situation is unfair. When the first snow of the year falls one night, Iris and her best friend, Daniel, discover the abandoned grave of a girl named Avery Moore, who died in 1956 when she was only eleven. Iris finds that Avery's buried in a forgotten segregated graveyard, and decides that restoring Avery's cemetery and bringing their town's history of segregation to light might be the perfect way to get the recognition she deserves. Iris is beginning to suspect, though, that some of the superstitions she's heard from Daniel's eccentric grandmother, Suga, might be more than old wives' tales, and she can't help but hear Suga's haunting song in her mind: "When you hear the winter wind/that's the sound of their screaming./That's when you'll know/spirits of the snow/are ready for their feeding." It doesn't take very long before Iris' dreams—they must be dreams, right?—are filled with visions of a strange girl with black eyes. Could the spirits of the snow be real? Are they coming for Iris? In her debut novel, Brown tackles a wide variety of nightmares, from unsettled ghosts to the horrors of segregation and the death of a parent. All these troubles are woven together in a seamless story of friendship, family, and overcoming one's fears. The prose is approachable and never flashy, allowing readers to get caught up in the characters and their struggles rather than adjectives and superlatives. Even with her straightforward style, Brown crafts a distinct and well-defined world. Her descriptions of the crisp, winter cold and swirling snow are crystal clear in the reader's mind, and Iris' family meals are almost realistic enough to taste. Similarly, characterization is deft. Daniel's grief at the loss of his father is beautifully explored in his new resistance to basketball, a game he learned with his dad, and his attachment to his mother. Iris' frequent battles with her annoying sister and her parents' focus on the toddler are enough to make any older sibling roll their eyes and cringe sympathetically. In amongst the dynamics of family and friends, Brown is forthright while discussing segregation and North Carolina's racist past. This is especially well illustrated in Suga's telling of the nine students who were the first Black kids to attend [End Page 155] Iris' formerly all-white school, an obvious nod to the accomplishments of the Little Rock Nine. Those pioneering students' accomplishments are even more forgotten than Iris' step team, and while knowledgeable horror fans will guess how the group is connected to the abandoned grave, Iris and the uninitiated reader are sure to gasp at the revelation. Brown makes excellent use of a wide variety of genre tropes, to the point where even when readers know what's sure to happen next, they can't help but greedily flip the page. While the story is packed with mini-lessons on school integration, Jim Crow, and North Carolina's history, there's no shortage of spooks and twists in this chilling wintry tale. Fans of Neil Gaiman's Coraline (BCCB 9/08) and Pat Cummings' Trace (BCCB 3/19) will jump to grab a copy of this creepy new classic. (See p. 159 for publication information.) Copyright © 2019 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

К изданию книги Н. С. Зелова о российских архивистах, ученых, историках и краеведах

The review sums up and assesses articles in N. S. Zelov’s “Champions of Archiving” devoted to life and activities of V. V. Adoratsky, V. V. Maksakov, M. N. Pokrovsky, N. P. Prokopenko, and others. Author’s 55-year-long services at the head of the personal provenance fonds department in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) bring to mind the words “preserver of the memory of archivists and science communicator who made known documents of national scientists, artists, writers, bibliographers, and local historians.” His publications - books, articles, documents, reviews, reports, memos - number up to 1000; they appeared as books and also in periodical publications on archiving, history, politics, literature, theatre, etc. Much attention was paid to the town of Vesiegonsk, Tver (otherwise Kalinin) region, where he was born on June 28, 1939. He continues to publish his archival research on the town history in the local newspaper Ves’egonskaya zhisn’. More than half of the articles included in this collection have been published in Vestnik Arhivista / Herald of an Archivist. In the final part of the book N. S. Zelov mentions with gratitude all those with whom he worked at the TsGAOR of the USSR (later GARF) over years, altogether 73 archivists.

ІСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ НАДГРОБКІВ ЄВРЕЙСЬКОГО ЦВИНТАРЯ М. ГЛУХОВА

In 2018 the author of this article carried out field works at the Jewish cemetery of Glukhov town which consisted of searching of the remained gravestones, including basis fragments and also the whole monuments or their parts which went deeply to the ground and grassed. Cleaning and photofixing of all found objects were made. On the basis of these field works, the author of the article revealed 1040 objects that are in varying degrees of preservation. From them 438 objects are completely preserved gravestoness, which are among the historical burials and date from the beginning of the XIX century - 1930 year. Based on a number of works on the history of Glukhov town and the local Jewish community, as well as Jewish necropolis, ethnography, linguistics and epigraphy, the author of the article conducted (based on general scientific methods and a special method - identification) a comprehensive study of the Jewish cemetery of Glukhov and its gravestones as objects of cultural heritage. The purpose of this publication is to present the results of this research. Absolutely all these monuments of Glukhow Jewish cemetery can serve as a source of genealogical information and are of interest to genealogical researchers and descendants searching for the graves of their ancestors, and also, due to their concentration, can serve as invaluable material for various studies in the field of necropolis, socio-demographic and sanitary - municipal history. At the same time, the epitaphs of the surviving ancient Jewish gravstones are the specific literary phenomenon, occupying an intermediate position between traditional rabbinic and folk literature and culture. During this research, 2 monuments which epitaphs have literary value were revealed. These are the gravestones of the Jewish writer, publicist and the teacher Lazar Davidovich Tsveyfel and the merchant of the 2nd guild, the public official of Glukhov City Council, the juror of Glukhov district Zalman Ariev Esmansky. In addition, the gravestone inscriptions of these monuments have value in terms of the totality of the personalities of the deceased and the epitaphs on their gravestones. The carved decor of the gravestones of Glukhov Jewish cemetery is an example of original folk decorative and applied art, it has a peculiar style, figurative language and has artistic value. Of the total number of tombstones of Glukhov Jewish cemetery, 46 steles have ornaments that are distinguished by a complex, time-consuming development of carving and artistic taste.These monuments are of interest for various art criticism studies and have significance as exhibits demonstrating the most interesting elements of the art of decorative carving of gravestones, its connection with the culture and religion of the Jewish people and the influence of local factors on this type of decorative and applied art. As a historical source, the gravestones of Glukhov Jewish cemetery are confirmed by the well-known historical events of that time - the Jewish riots in Glukhov and the influx of refugees in the period 1914-1916. Of particular interest for researches are data on a concrete personnel. At the Jewish cemetery of Glukhov town, many prominent personalities who made a great contribution to the culture, economy and other spheres of the town’s life are buried. Among them are the Jewish writer, publicist and teacher Lazar Davidovich Tsveyfel, Abram Isaakovich Rusakov - the grandfather of the outstanding Soviet painter and graphic artist Alexander Isaakovich Rusakov and many others.At the time of the end of this research, at least 30 gravestones, due to the historical and cultural significance of the persons buried under them, are of interest to researchers of regional history and can be used for various genealogical, local history and historical studies, as well as in the development and conduct of lecture and sexursion programs on the Jewish places of Glukhov town and specifically on the Jewish cemetery. From the total number of surviving ancient gravestones, a group of monuments which are of interest were identified by one or by a set of criteria. Three types of criteria were taken into account: the value of an epitaph as a historical source or literary phenomenon; art value of carved decor; historical or cultural significance of buried. According to the results of the study, 76 gravestones were included in this group. The article provides a list of gravestones that can be fully considered as objects of cultural heritage and should take the appropriate place in the memorial protection activities of Ukraine.

Decolonising Social Work Research with Families Experiencing Intergenerational Trauma

This article focuses on social work research with displaced families in the Western Cape, South Africa, who have experienced both the historical trauma of their slave past and the trauma of displacement during apartheid. In a similar context, aboriginal academic writers have found that initial studies of intergenerational trauma did not take into account the historical ordeal of colonialism which they believe has left its mark on aboriginal communities today. Intergenerational trauma has also been based on research with holocaust survivors. For this research paper, a postcolonial indigenous research paradigm was implemented owing to the colonial history of Cape Town. Collective narrative practice and participatory learning action techniques were used to decolonise the theoretical and methodological approach. Foucault’s counter-memories and counter-histories were applied to critically engage with the research findings to include the “unofficial” stories of slave descendants in social work discourse where these stories have largely been ignored.

What happened to modern Irish urban history?

ABSTRACT:A remarkable cluster of Irish town histories appeared in the early nineteenth century, coming after several generations of unprecedented urban growth. But that growth stalled and most Irish towns entered a long period of stagnation. Meanwhile, academic interest in the urban past became dormant. Urbanization in Ireland resumed in the twentieth century, but the study of urban history was late to develop and slow to move beyond the documentation of built heritage. However, public interest in medieval origins, official interest in urban heritage and the vision of a handful of medieval historians and historical geographers have helped transform the prospects for Irish urban history.