Tourist Programs Research Articles

Implementation of artificial intelligence in the formation of excursion routes

The article considers aspects of the use of neural networks in business processes of formation and promotion of tourist products (excursions and tourist programs). The analysis of neural network software in the Google and Yandex search engines in Russian and English is carried out.

Short- and long-term effects of domestic tourism promotion in Argentina after COVID-19

At the beginning of 2020, the world experienced the COVID-19 pandemic in which several countries all around the world closed their borders and established isolation measures. These types of measures, in line with the spread of the virus, mainly affected those sectors where face-to-face interaction and mobility were central, as it was the case in the tourism sector. As a response to this crisis, some countries implemented policies to promote tourism within the same country. In this paper, we study the case of a tourist program applied in Argentina and estimate its effects on the tourism sector and the overall economy with a general equilibrium perspective addressing its implications in a context where government’s budget constraints are binding.

Subjective factors of travel activity for the purpose of cultural support of biological diversity for individuals with different success levels

It is shown that the activity of a person’s travels is associated with his psychological characteristics, ideological attitudes, needs for new connections and knowledge. Travel is endowed with a psychological resource that allows you to actualize the motivation for positive personality transformations. A system of internal factors for personal travel activity is identified and described: direction, tolerance for uncertainty, interests, tendency to accept novelty and test one’s capabilities. The factors that determine the specificity of travel trajectory choice and tourist programs’ types in the conditions of modern realities are described. The content of external and internal factors that can enhance the psychological resource of travel as a platform for self-development and personal improvement is shown. The role of travel in cognitive, communicative and personal transformations, in the development of the subject’s ability to productively solve complex situations and effective activity in conditions of uncertainty is shown. The novelty of the study lies in the identification and subjective factors’ description of travel activity for individuals with different success levels. Empirically, studies have identified severity indicators of tolerance and intolerance to uncertainty among participants in tourism programs with different statuses of success and self-efficacy.

Критерии устойчивого туризма в современных условиях развития Белгородской области

This article reveals the features of tourism development in terms of stability criteria. Criteria indicators allow us to assess the stability of the tourism industry and to present those areas that need to be paid attention to in the industry. Russia is a huge country that has many tourist regions. Among them, there are several that represent leaders in sustainable tourism: Crimea, Caucasian Mineral Waters, Sochi, Baikal, Altai, but these regions are more focused on eco-tourism. Researchers of tourism stability identify 3 factors of sustainability: social, economic and environmental. An ESG strategy has also been developed, which orients investors to study companies, industries, and regions from these sides. The authors of this article add a fourth to the three main criteria – political, justifying it as a factor of stability of regional authorities, the ability to participate and develop popular tourist programs, as well as the confidence of the population in the optimality of administrative management. Criteria for tourism stability can be defined as a set of principles that ensure the preservation of the environment, cultural heritage and social well-being in places of natural tourist origin, while simultaneously ensuring economic profit, environmental stability, social and political orientation.

SCENARIOS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WAR AND POST-WAR PERIODS

The purpose of the article is to study the factors of the development of enterprises in the tourism industry of Ukraine and the formation of scenarios for their development in the conditions of martial law and after the end of hostilities. When conducting the research, the methods generally accepted in economic science were used: monographic, dialectical - in the process of researching the development of enterprises of the tourism industry of Ukraine under martial law and after the end of hostilities; analysis and synthesis, grouping - to determine the factors of development of tourism industry enterprises; generalization and analysis, economic-statistical, abstract-logical and system-structural - for the formation of scenarios for the development of enterprises of the tourism industry of Ukraine. The key problem of the study is russia's attack on Ukraine, which turned into a heavy blow to the country's tourism. The article proves that protectionism and international conflicts threaten freedom and freedom to travel. All these changes mean that we are going through a period of great destabilization. It is justified that the reality as we know it, with a Europe without border crossings, may soon disappear. Emphasis is placed on the fact that it is important to create such tourist programs now so that not only Ukrainians but also tourists from other countries understand what was happening in Ukraine and tell about the struggle of Ukraine. Four scenarios for tourism development in Ukraine have been proposed, each with a number of implications for stakeholders. Based on the conducted scientific research, it was concluded that one of the optimal approaches to the formation of scenarios for the development of tourism industry enterprises in Ukraine in the conditions of universal dynamism, unpredictability and variability of the business environment is recognized as strategic management and change management. The practical significance of the obtained results reveals the prospects for applying the main scientific provisions of the article in the practice of managing tourism business enterprises in Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction. The results of the study presented in the work can be used by economists, scientists and practitioners to implement scenarios for the development of tourism industry enterprises in Ukraine, each of which has a number of consequences for stakeholders.

Challenges and Prospects of Rite Tourism in Russian Regions

The article analyzes processes influencing current trends of tourism development. The author focuses on principle importance of in-country tourism, its adjustment to present day conditions and thinks that it is necessary to find new vectors and lines of its development. He proposes to pay special attention to the development of rite tourism as a possible solution to current problems. This notion has not been highlighted in academic literature yet. The author analyzes this type of tourism and puts forward his own interpretation and classification of its key lines as well as classification of rite tours in time, length and geography. He underlines the difference between rite tourism and ritual one. The analysis of the most popular routes showed that our country possesses necessary resources for the development of rite tourism. The author studied the potential, for example of the Arkhangelsk region and proposes to use certain folk fests of coast-dwellers to develop new tourist programs within the frames of rite tours. The fullscale use of the rite tourism potential as an integral part of tourist industry can have serious impact on social and economic progress in the region, on preservation of cultural traditions and our history.

FUTURE SCENARIOS FOR TOURISM PROGRAMS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BUGA AND ITS AREA OF INFLUENCE HORIZON 2021-2030

This research presents an analysis of the strategic prospective of the tourism academic training programs in higher education institutions in the municipality of Guadalajara de Buga and its area of ​​influence: El Cerrito, Ginebra, Guacarí, Restrepo, San Pedro, Yotoco and Calima Darién, (Government of Valle del Cauca., 2016). The objective of this study revolves around two axes: 1. Identify the possible and probable future scenarios of the tourist programs offered by higher education institutions in Guadalajara de Buga and its area of ​​influence; 2. From the identified scenarios, the bet scenario is defined to which the educational institutions that offer the tourist programs should be directed. According to the opinion of experts and key actors, the policies and strategies for the improvement oriented to the development and competitiveness of comprehensive academic training for professional training in tourism are determined by public and private institutions of higher education in Guadalajara de Buga and its area of ​​influence, seeking to generate a positive impact on the environment of the central region of the Valley and enriching its development for its insertion in an international context. This study applies the methodology proposed in "the toolbox of strategic foresight" and involves other methods such as analysis of importance and governance, as well as elements of sectoral analysis. This research was carried out in two phases: diagnostic and prospective. In the diagnosis, a documentary analysis was carried out, consultation with key actors and experts; Tools such as brainstorming, Regnier's Abacus, structural analysis were applied, and for the design of the scenarios the detailed analysis of the results was used in order to propose the exploratory scenarios and from these propose the bet scenario.

Changes in Hotel Management During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Post-pandemic Periods in Georgia

The COVID-19 pandemic, which caused significant human loss, significantly damaged several economic sectors, primarily tourism and its significant segment, the hotel industry. In Georgia in 2019, before the pandemic, tourism reached its highest indicators since its independence. International arrivals totaled 7,7 million, with 5.1 million tourist visits; tourism accounted for 8.4% of the gross domestic product (GDP), while the number of people engaged in the industry was 11.6% of all employees in the country. By the end of the first year of the pandemic, the number of international tourist visits to Georgia decreased by 78.5% (2020), and 66.0% of hotels and food sector facilities in the country ceased operations. Several hotels were used as quarantine spaces and "Covid hotels" during the pandemic, per government decree. To overcome the crisis, targeted measures were developed, envisaging support and special activities as well as financial benefits for the subjects of the tourism industry. Nevertheless, the crisis management plan could have been better and did not foresee the alterations necessary after the pandemic, which caused significant consumer behaviour changes in the hotel industry. Now customers give priority to compliance with hygiene and safety norms. However, most hospitality industry organisations in Georgia need more resources for implementing new technologies that meet tourists' needs. The pandemic has aggravated the problem of staff outflow and redistribution to other sectors. In the post-pandemic period, an increase in demand for medical and health-improving tourist programmes and ecological and adventure tours is expected, which should be provided with appropriate accommodation facilities.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ У ПІСЛЯВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

The article examines the main problems of the development of the tourism industry of Ukraine and the world as a result of the global crises caused by the coronavirus infection and the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. The basic assumptions and principles underlying the promising directions of tourism development in the context of the economy of impressions are specified. A change in the nature of Ukraine's domestic tourism is predicted – after the end of the war, cultural and educational tourism and memory tourism, which are non-commercial types of tourism, will be popular. The places of glory of the modern war will be added to the places of Cossack glory, such as Haydamatsky Yar, Kholodny Yar, Berestetska battlefield and Khortytsia, and new tourist programs related to the struggle and victory of Ukraine will appear. The international experience of post-war recovery and development of the tourism sphere is analyzed. The factors that will contribute to the development of tourism or restrain it are characterized. Traditional types of tourism, such as beach tourism, sports tourism, agrotourism, will have a delayed demand, as the demining of occupied territories will continue for some time in Ukraine. The restoration of the tourism industry of Ukraine can take place at the expense of product innovations, such as the development of new tours previously unknown on the market and the creation of new tourist and recreational areas, the development of exotic and military tourism, as well as memory tourism. Ukrainian ethnic tourism has a significant potential for development on the domestic and global tourism markets and improvement of the economic and social situation of Ukraine due to unique national traditions, Ukrainian hospitality and national cuisine, a vast history and rich culture. Priority measures for the development of the tourism sector are proposed, including restoring the image of a safe country for a comfortable stay of tourists, creating economic conditions to stimulate the development of tourism, liberalizing fiscal policy for tourist enterprises, attracting foreign investments, implementing innovative projects for marketing and organizing tourist activities.

Coastal Community Empowerment Recovery of cockle shell waste into eco-friendly artificial reefs in Mutiara Beach Trenggalek Indonesia

The community empowerment activity is conducted in the form of training of trainers (TOT) and mentoring for the community of Mutiara Beach, Trenggalek, East Java. Trenggalek Regency has regional dominance of mountains and hills is located in the southern part of East Java Province. The improvement of facilities at Mutiara Beach is increasingly being improved in line with one hundred tourist programs. The marine environment must be maintained to remain sustainable and can support tourism, one of which is by maintaining conservation of coral reefs. The existing condition of coral reef was stressed and needs to be restored. Artificial reefs can also be made of concrete mixed with cockle shells that have not been used so far. The concept of processing cockle shell waste emerged by reusing it as a mixture of material and as a roughage material for artificial reefs. The purpose of community empowerment is to give training for local community as a trainer for sustainability transfer knowledge. Method to achieve the goal using socialization, giving brief explanation and directly hands-on practice. Artificial reef has been manufactured from TOT, analyzed to compare with criteria design in order to decide the success of TOT has been achieved. TOT resulting trainers from Pokmaswas as a leader to produce artificial reef with local community. The trainers were success to manage local community with resulting seven artificial reefs with their creativity. Local community was able to identify alternative material in order to change cockle shell with coral flakes carried by tide sea.

TOURIST COMPANIES AND THEIR ROLE IN TOURISM MARKETING "LIBYAN ORGANIZATION FOR TOURIST TRIPS AS A MODEL"

Tourism as a complex and complex industry is one of the important industries that is characterized by its broad scope, its multiplicity of forms, levels of organization, and its overlap significantly. It is managed, organized, planned, displayed and marketed for its products by many bodies, institutions and companies, in order to implement tourist programs and trips and overcome the problems and obstacles facing tourists, and also Developing countries, resources to achieve their economic and social progress. This research attempts to answer the main question, which is: what is the important of the role played by tourism companies in tourism marketing? what are most important problems and obstacles encountered ? the answer will be by highlighting the reality of tourism companies in Libya and their role in tourism marketing . All this is based on a descriptive and analytical approach that provides a good explanation of the facts and information related to the subject. In addition, the applied approach was used by conducting some interviews with specialists in the Libyan Tourist Organization. The importance of the research stems from the great role that tourism companies play in tourism marketing, as one of the actors that play a major role in reflecting a beautiful image of the country through their direct interaction with tourists and providing all appropriate services and means that help them rest and enjoy. Thus, the research will contribute to the field of scientific research and enrich scientific knowledge in one of the areas of the tourism industry and its marketing. The research aims to study the reality of tourism companies in Libya and the most important business to market its services, their potential and tourism, and study the most important problems facing tourism companies and the most important proposals to develop them. Key words: Tourism, Tourist Marketing, Tourist Companies, Tourist Trips, Tourist Supply, Tourist Demand

Forschung und Freizeit: Karl von Frischs Aufenthalt in Neapel 1911**

AbstractIn March 1911, Karl von Frisch visited the Zoological Station in Naples for the first time. During his stay, Frisch, who had just received his doctorate, was studying the color adaptation of marine fish. At the same time, as diary notes show, he also completed an extensive tourist program. Frisch was not alone in this; many scientists combined their time in Naples with excursions and other pleasures. Usually these activities are labelled—in Frisch's words—as „diversion“ and „relaxation“ from the activities in the laboratory. Expanding this point, I will examine the various relationships between labour, recreation, research, and tourism based on Frisch's notes during his stay in Naples. Finally, I will take a look at the financial side of Frisch's stay in Naples.

Peculiarities of Singing in Chinese Popular and Traditional Music: Influence of Musical Genres on Vocals

Under the conditions of multiculturalism, Chinese vocal art has formed its own unique theoretical system based on the characteristics of vocalization, articulation, diction, and breathing. The aims of the study are to identify singing features in Chinese popular and traditional music, as well as to determine the ways in which musical genres influence vocals. Two teachers of modern vocal, two teachers of traditional vocal, 30 students of the Vocal Arts Department of Peking University, and two art historians from the Central Conservatory of Music took part in the study. According to the study purpose, it was found that in traditional Chinese vocal arts, the main technique is falsetto (58%), mixed techniques (21.2%), vibrato (13.2%), overtone singing (6.1%), and glissando (1.5%) are also used. In popular singing the key technique is splitting (33.6%), also used: subtone (20.2%), vibrato (17.7%), drive (12.1%), glissando (11.1%), vocal fry register (9.2%), falsetto (3.3%), overtone singing (2%). As a result of the correlation analysis the dependence of popular singing techniques on traditional singing was determined. The coefficient of determination was 33.5%. It was also determined that when performing pop music, vibrato is controlled; noises and growling tones are used in rock music; uncontrolled vibrato, falsetto, and mixed techniques are used in opera; nasal sounds and minimal vibrato are in folk/country music; clear diction, articulation, slides, and scatting in blues/jazz; rhythmic and nasal sounds in hip-hop. The experiment results can be used in pedagogy for teaching vocals in China and abroad, as part of cultural activities related to the organization of events such as festivals, concerts, tourist programs, theatrical performances, etc.

A Cultural-History Analysis on Malay-Islamic Heritage of Siak Sri Indrapura through the Historical Urban Landscape Approach in Pekanbaru City

<p><em>The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura plays a vital role in the history of the development of Islam and Malay culture in Pekanbaru City. Pekanbaru City is a cultural-historical tourist attraction through the Malay-Islamic landscape, which can be seen from its historical heritage. The historical heritage is a Malay-Islamic cultural heritage building that still exists today. This study will explain the analysis of cultural history and its preservation management. The method used is qualitative with a Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach. The study's results showed 16 cultural heritage sites with varying levels of management, five sites in very well-maintained condition, three well maintained, and eight poorly maintained. Several challenges are faced: damaged buildings, incomplete historical data, regulations, and the absence of tourist programs. In addition, the distance between cultural heritage and the enthusiasm of the Malay community is a potential that needs to be optimized. The vision is to make Pekanbaru City the center of Malay-Islamic identity based on the waterfront city through the concept of preservation. The proposed preservation management is a historical tourism development program to connect cultural heritage buildings based on tourist trails that prioritize cultural and historical interpretation effectiveness and efficiency.</em></p>

GEOGRAPHY OF DARK TOURISM IN THE WORLD

The article emphasizes that the issue of «dark» tourism is insufficiently studied in scientific sources, but it is already attracting interest in science and society. A short author’s analysis of the materials of modern scientific research and research on theoretical and practical aspects of the development of «dark» tourism in the world by foreign and domestic scientists was carried out. The resource base for the development of «dark» tourism in the world was studied. A list of 57 potentially popular tourist «dark» places and objects («dead cities» and places of alienation, medieval castles, dungeons, catacombs, thematic museums, prisons, barracks, hospitals, cathedrals, ancient settlements, cemeteries, sanctuaries , anomalous zones, places of power, objects or territories of natural phenomena and disasters, battlefields and battles, etc.), which can be used in the development of new tourism products. According to monitoring data, a map scheme of «dark» tourism objects has been completed. Geographical (by macro-regions of the world) and thematic (by objects belonging to specific types of dark tourism: mystical tourism, necropolis tourism, thanatotourism and disaster tourism) structuring of these objects was carried out, and regularities in their geospatial organization were revealed. The most interesting objects of dark tourism in the regions of the world are highlighted and a brief description of several destinations is given. It is noted that the study of objects of «dark» tourism can be useful in the process of forming strategies for the development of tourism in countries and regions, in the arrangement of infrastructure of the appropriate profile (quest rooms, amusement parks, thematic entertainment centers), in the organization of cultural events, contests, quests, festivals , educational excursions in mystical places to popularize them among tourists and attract additional investments, in the activities of tourist enterprises that plan to expand the existing range of tourist programs. The importance of further research on dark tourism is emphasized, as it is designed to stimulate humanity to realize the scale of disasters, to recognize the need for a peaceful relationship between people, science, military and nuclear technologies, which sometimes endanger the existence of the entire human civilization, and which makes clear the errors of these events and tragedies of the past and present.

Between Empowerment and Gentrification: A Case Study of Community-Based Tourist Program in Suichang County, China

The phenomenon of hollow villages is a long-lasting obstacle to China’s rural development. With this background, this study examines a for-profit community-based tourist program operated at a rural hollow village in Zhejiang, China and explores how this program facilitates meaningful transformations in the community. The theoretical concept of empowerment was introduced to critically understand and analyse the community transformations, and the data was collected through program-related or village-related media content, participant observation, and focus group interviews. Our findings reveal that varied types of empowerment had been gained by the residents via the program, which has strongly demonstrated the positive and meaningful transformations in the community. Lastly, gentrification, a type of community transformation, was a positive change from the program managerial staff’s view, but it could lead to uncertainties and problems of the economic and political disempowerment to the residents in the long term.

A Case Study for the Protection of the South-North Tourism Agreement: Focusing on Tourism Feng Shui Storytelling

Purpose: This study seeks to present ways to realize tourism and unification for North and South Koreas based on the development of tourist destinations which can help link tourism to exchanges including mutual visits for the separated families of North and South Koreas, the North-South dialogue, politics, economy, culture and sports by developing tourist destinations from which politics of the two Koreas are fully excluded towards the realization of multi purposed tourism as well as the realization of mutual tourism for the two Koreans absent South Korean tourists for North Korea. Based on which, it would be possible to review, first, the development of tourist destina-tions of South Korea through which South Koreans can visit Mt. Geumgang of North Korea and North Koreans can visit tourist destinations of South Korea. Second, it would be possible to review a plan for carrying out ex-changes for the mutual visits of separated families by linking the exchanges of separated families of North and South Koreas at Mt. Geumgang of North Korea with tourist destinations of South Korea. Third, by developing tourist destinations for the purposes of tourism only which North Korea might demand, it would be possible to review alternatives for North Korea s South Korean tourist destinations in the future. Fourth, based on the afore-said, the purpose of tourism and unification may be realized and tourist exchanges may be reviewed under the premise of free travel. Methods: This study seeks to analyze changes in the tourism related conditions according to the expected changes in the North-South Korean relations and changes in tourism due to the expected changes of the North-South Korean relations via the previous data. Furthermore, through the current status of human exchanges of North Korea, the start of the North-South Korean tourism, and the performance achievements of Mt. Geumgang tourism, this study seeks to examine and understand the changes in the North-South Korean relations according to the North-South Korean summit and the tourism related feng shui storytelling intended for the North-South Korean tourism. Results: Achieving a form of tourism through the North-South Korean exchanges is the top priority. Hence, in order to achieve the purpose of feng shui tourism in the future, it would be necessary to develop the tourist destinations from which politics of North and South Koreas are completely excluded. Towards this end, it is necessary to develop a tourist program by utilizing the tomb of Kim Tae-Seo located at Mt. Moak in Jeonbuk in which the North Korean leadership expressed deep interest ever since the North-South Summit of 2000. To this end, it will be necessary to develop a program which utilizes the storytelling of tourist feng shui utilizing the simple Korean culture which goes beyond the politics, while developing tourism. Conclusion: Tourism has clear points of contact for the unification, and it will be necessary to utilize the points of contact for the North-South Korean tourism through the mutual linkage of the North-South Korean relations moving forward to achieve the purpose of tourism and expect the unification on the Korean Peninsula.

Preserving and Presenting Heritage through Sustainable Energy Tourism: The Case of Kobarid in Slovenia

Energy tourism, which is quite recent despite the fact that the practice of tourists visiting power plants, very often for educational purposes, has a long tradition in Slovenia due to power plants on the Drava River. Particularly, the oldest Fala power plant is an area where the technical field of electric power production and transmission overlaps with tourism. The article that employs the methods of participant observation, interviews with some stakeholders and content analysis focuses on some possibilities of including electric power production and transmission infrastructure into various tourist and educational programmes, including through storytelling, which is a useful tool also when it comes to presenting sustainable and socially responsible project design, considering the needs of all stakeholders involved in the process and, consequently, raising awareness and responsibility towards the environment. Based on a case study of the Kobarid substation, which is a modern sustainably designed power facility built in a Natura 2000 protected area, this article focuses on the possibilities of creating new energy tourism products by employing storytelling, new media and new technologies.

Exploring a New Tourism Potential at Kampung Telok Melano, Sarawak Malaysia Post Pan-Borneo Highway Construction

Sarawak's economic sector relies on tourism as a stimulant. This research evaluated the potential of a new tourist destination in Sarawak, particularly in a region involved in the construction of the Pan-Borneo highway. The research was carried out as a pioneering research focus at Kampung Telok Melano, Sematan, which is the starting point for the Pan-Borneo highway project in Sarawak's southwest. The selection of Kampung Telok Melano as the study's location is notable since this region has been featured in a tourist program (homestay) since 1996, governed by Malaysia's Fisheries Development Authority. However, due to a lack of adequate road access as well as basic amenities, Kampung Telok Melano only attracts a small number of visitors from both within and outside the nation. As a result, the impact of the Sematan-Telok Melano Pan-Borneo highway on the local population was examined in this study. This is a qualitative study that incorporated both library and field research. This research extensively reviewed and discussed all the data acquired through recorded conversations, interviews, and observations. According to the findings, Kampung Telok Melano has the potential to become a major tourist destination in Sarawak once the Pan-Borneo highway is completed. This research also revealed that the development of the Pan-Borneo highway improved infrastructure, raised living standards, and offered a source of income for its inhabitants. A quantitative study for additional research must be conducted in the near future to find the actual impact of the Pan-Borneo highway project on Sarawak's tourist sector and local population.

Analyzing the Universal Character of Tourist Sector in the Leningrad Region

The article studies the tourist sector as a factor of social and economic development of the region. The author gives a definition of the term ‘universal character of tourist sector', formulates key criteria meeting the principle of universality, on the basis of which the approach to region analysis was developed. This approach gives an opportunity to find the degree of customer satisfaction with tourist services and shows whether the region is ready for developing new tourist programs within the frames of traditional, special and rear types of tourism. As an example the article analyzes the universal character of tourist sector in the Leningrad region, which showed a number of problems. Proceeding from this the author proposes to design a mechanism of their solution at the expense of enlarging the list of tourist services offered to customer and improving their quality. By analyzing the universal character of tourist sector it will be possible to find out and eliminate drawbacks in the tourist sphere and in designing strategy of efficient development of tourism in the region aimed at building-up the tourist traffic, which could become a factor of its social and economic development.