Tourism Boom Research Articles

Development and dependency in the periphery: From bananas to tourism in Bocas del Toro, Panama

Many development outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean are linked to geopolitical economic systems, available technologies, and legacies of foreign economic dependence. In this article, the core (the U.S.), the periphery (Panama), and Panama’s own internal periphery (the District of Bocas del Toro), represent an interrelated global capitalist system that inherently maintains periphery marginality through exploitation and dependency over time. We illustrate this core-to-periphery phenomenon through two inextricably linked examples. Example one is the United Fruit Company’s (UFC) twentieth century era of economic dominance in the Central American banana industry, its operations, and historical impacts on Bocas del Toro, Panama (also called Bocas). Example two is the tourism industry in Bocas, particularly the late 1990s tourism boom that continues to dominate its economy today. Each example—the banana industry then and the tourism industry now—involve eras of dependence on U.S./European dominated industries. Using primary and archival data, we analyze and contrast the two distinct periods, the wellbeing of Black and Indigenous people, and contemporary development trends in Bocas (e.g., lifestyle migration/expats, residential tourism and technology). We also use labor and employment (or a lack thereof) as important indicators of local wellbeing. We show that the past record of economic dependence on the UFC in Bocas is linked to its current record of economic dependence on tourism. We suggest that tourism, as a modern neoliberal endeavor in Latin America and the Caribbean, can be deeply rooted in a history of dependency on U.S./European dominated industries and development practices.

Sustainable Urban Tourism Development and Quality of Life: A Case of Kampung Bharu, Kuala Lumpur

Abstract Introduction. With the transformation of Kuala Lumpur as a mega city and the boom of Malaysian urban tourism, understanding the interaction between tourism and local community livability is important for sustainable urban tourism development. Material and methods. Founded in 1899, Kampung Bharu is a famous traditional Malay village facing conflicting urban development and local community livability issues. Thus, to understand the local community perception of urban tourism development and its effect on their quality of life, this study investigates the effect of sustainable tourism development on the local Kampung Bharu community’s quality of life. This study collected 364 valid responses from the local community through a self-administered survey. Results. The study confirms that economic and environmental impacts of urban tourism development deteriorate the local community’s quality of life. However, the socio-cultural impacts of urban tourism development positively and significantly enhance the quality of life of the local community in Kampung Bharu. Conclusions. The study highlighted the importance of the local community’s perceptions, community attachment, and perceived quality of life to destination managers responsible for planning and developing future tourism projects. Several limitations and recommendations for future research are presented.

The Twilight Effect, post-film tourism and diversification: the future of Forks, WA

PurposeThe visitor economy of Forks now clearly relies upon a niche form of tourism – as fans of The Twilight Saga are drawn to the setting and filming location of the films. The purpose of this study is to consider the process of diversification and subsequently present recommendations that could inform a future diversification strategy for Forks, in preparation for a post-film tourism scenario.Design/methodology/approachThe research methods employed in this study have two interlinked but distinct elements. Firstly, the Twilight Effect in Forks (WA, USA) is considered as an illustrative case study to shed light on the issues facing a destination that has seen a tourism boom as a direct result of popular culture – The Twilight Saga Franchise. Secondly, a scenario thinking and planning approach is applied when considering the “long-view” future of tourism in Forks.FindingsThis article presents a post-film tourism future scenario for Forks; it suggests tourism diversification and a shift towards cultural heritage and wellness. Forks is well placed to afford such tourism experiences, as it offers unique cultural and natural characteristics; furthermore, these could be utilised to create and maintain a distinctive destination image. In doing so a more socially and environmentally sustainable industry can be established, one which supports the local community, including the Quileute tribe.Originality/valueThe article offers original discussions within the film-tourism literature with novel approaches to understanding the management and pre-planning opportunities for destinations that have become popular film tourism locations, with the application of a “Tourism Diversification Model”. The model is adapted from Ansoff Matrix and can be applied as a framework in future studies exploring destination diversification. The investigation of Forks as a post-film tourism case study alone is unique, and the discussions and findings presented are original.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN HISTORIC CITIES OF ARID REGIONS WITH THE REVIVAL OF QANAT (YAZD CITY)

Qanat is one of the cultural and geological attractions in arid regions. Iran's Qanat has become the 20th UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2016. Since the Qanat is a cultural, historical, and ecological heritage in addition to its tectonic features, it can include geotourism and, it offers potentials in planning sustainable tourism. Therefore qanat tourism with emphasis sustainable tourism can cause conservation and regeneration of this local capacity. This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the capabilities of qanats in Yazd from different aspects of tourism. Yazd city was registered as the World heritage city at UNESCO in 2017. According to the hydrologic and tourism experts, the Delphi model has been used, and the SWOT matrix has been formed. According to the AHP model, the results indicate the importance of the strengths and opportunities of the qanat of tourism in this city. The top strategies for tourism boom include investment, the participation of indigenous people, and the creation of museums and Qanatel in qanats.

Environmental consequences of economic complexities in the EU amidst a booming tourism industry: Accounting for the role of brexit and other crisis events

The European Union (EU) is one of the strongest, but most complex unions in the world with a competitive tourism industry. The aim of this study, therefore, is to account for economic complexity index (ECI), Brexit and other crisis episodes in the growth-energy-emissions nexus. Theoretically, the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model is assessed by adopting a One-step System Generalized Method of Moment (Sys GMM) on data for 26 EU member states over the period from 1995 to 2018. For the first time, an EU-macro regional analysis is conducted with and without the UK. Empirical results reveal that an increase in tourism, real GDP per capita, and energy use across the four EU macro regions leads to increase in carbon emission. In some regions, it was observed that tourism, ECI, Brexit, and the Greece bailout have no significant impact on carbon emission. This suggests that the increase in international travel, complexity of the economy, and financial crisis do not accelerate environmental crisis in such regions. However, where such factors are statistically significant, Brexit and the Greece bailout crisis both heighten emissions. Particularly, when the UK is excluded, Brexit and the Greece bailout crisis increase and reduce emissions, respectively. The EKC hypothesis, however, holds in either scenario. Based on these empirical findings, vital policy directions are suggested for a post-Brexit EU-UK energy and environmental relations.

‘Learning the Lakes’: Harriet Martineau's A Complete Guide to the English Lakes and Pedestrian Authority

In 1845 Harriet Martineau experienced a rapid recovery from a debilitating but mysterious illness that had kept her house-bound for half a decade. She measured her increasing health by the miles she was able to walk, and rapidly found herself capable of considerable distances. Shortly after she moved to the Lake District. Here she set about consolidating her recovery and becoming acquainted with her new home by walking hundreds of miles across the whole area. These walks would be the basis for her guides to the Lakes, first a series of essays published in ‘A Year at Ambleside’ in 1850, then A Complete Guide to the English Lakes in 1855. This essay places Martineau's Lakeland guides in the broader context of nineteenth-century tourism, especially the picturesque guidebooks that recent scholarship has demonstrated both responded to and shaped the way visitors understood the area. Martineau's guides, unusual for being female-authored, offer, I argue, suggestive ways of further developing our understanding of the relationship between genre, place and literary authority during the mid-century Lakeland tourist boom.

Tourism attraction sites: Boasting the booming tourism of Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has great potentiality for the international tourism industry that remains predominantly under-developed. The Kingdom’s attempt to diversify its economic dependence on fossil fuels focusing on its tourism potentials by continuing to create and implement proactive steps to diversify from an oil-based economy which is already globally diminishing, making the tourism industry a very wise option, especially as supported by the political, economic and social will via The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH) and this is what made the researchers look into how tourism contributes in this paradigm shift. This paper is shedding light on the tourism industry in different sites in the Hail region necessary to support the tourism industry in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom. This research is among the unique proofs that the Hail region is having diversified and various tourism attractions compared to the other Kingdom’s 12 regions. Ha’il region is one of the richest tourism attraction sites in the whole of the Kingdom. It has a somewhat milder climate than other Saudi regions due to its higher altitude. The paper is exploring and investigating Hails’ sites as well as adopting analytical descriptive and documentation of the invented sites that can support The Kingdom to help to succeed in boasting the booming tourism planning to become an excellent tourist destination and a tourist hotspot. This paper is concluded with the steps to be adopted to improve the tourism industry.

Typhoid vaccines. Historical aspects of typhoid vaccine development, and currently available products

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), which is still extremely common in endemic low- and middle-income countries of Asia and Africa. Industrialised countries may also be affected by typhoid fever outbreaks due to booming international tourism, and natural disasters. Given S. Typhi progressive resistance to antibiotics, high epidemiological burden, and lack of adequate sanitation and hygiene in a number of regions, the introduction of new treatment protocols and the improvement of preventive vaccination are critical tasks in global healthcare. The aim of the study was to highlight the main historical aspects of the typhoid vaccine development, to summarise data on the licensed vaccines and promising approaches to the development of new typhoid vaccines. The paper describes the current epidemiological situation of typhoid fever globally and in the Russian Federation. It dwells upon the global experience in typhoid vaccine development from the production of an inactivated vaccine to the development of conjugated vaccines. The paper summarises data on Russian and foreign-made typhoid fever vaccines currently available in the global pharmaceutical market. It outlines the main trends in the development of vaccines against the disease caused by S. Typhi. The paper demonstrates the need for improving the efficacy of existing vaccines and development of new typhoid combination vaccines.

Analysis of Environmental Sustainability by Causal Loop Diagram and System Dynamic Model - A Case of the Great Barrier Reef

The booming tourism industry has always played a vital role in the Australian economy. However, with the influx of tourists, the ecological environment of many scenic spots has been destroyed. As one of the typical areas in Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is suffering an increasing number of coral death due to natural disasters and man-made destruction. This study identifies the key variables and estimates the data collected from multiple channels, through building causal loop diagrams and system dynamic model to specifies the logic relationship between different variables and impact factors, and then further quantify their effects and analyze the interplay of them to clarify how they affect the ecological environment and business development of the Great Barrier Reef. The running results of the system dynamic model are consistent with the actual situation of the Great Barrier Reef, it provides a tangible future prediction of the Great Barrier Reef and puts forward the point that if the governments fail to take effective intervention measures, the mortality rate of coral reefs will continue to increase until they disappear completely in a few decades.

What can we learn from Airbnb data on tourist flows? A case study on Iceland

Tourist flows are increasingly important – at least up to the covid-19 crisis - and the Arctic regions are no exception. In particular, Iceland is experiencing an unprecedented tourism boom that began a decade ago. This goes hand in hand with the development of online short-term rental platforms such as Airbnb. This article questions how public information on the Airbnb website can be used to study tourist flows, with Iceland as a case study. Using a program we developed, we collected information about the accommodation available on the platform, as well as any comments left by visitors.Each member’s profile also includes the place of residence declared by the user, which makes it possible to know the country of origin. We then compared this collected information with official statistical data. Airbnb, which is growing steadily, seems to be gaining ground on the classic hotel business. The Airbnb data reflects the officially recorded flows by country of origin. This makes the case for using this data for the Arctic region, for which statistical data is hard to find at a fine-scale.

Dimensioni e dinamiche dei flussi migratori da Livinallongo/Fodom e da Colle Santa Lucia/Col nel corso del Novecento

This essay compares the migration from Livinallongo/Fodom and Colle Santa Lucia/Col, which were Ladin villages belonging to Austria until World War I, with the migration from the villages situated in the Alto Agordino, which be-longed to the neighbouring Kingdom of Italy. The research goes on until the 1980s, highlighting similarities and differences between the two areas, which have not only a different political history but also a dissimilar socio-economic and identity history. An element that has greatly influenced both, the quantity and type of emigration, is the model of inheritance of ownership that charac-terised the two areas, and which was very important before the tourism boom. In Fodom and Col there was the custom of undivided ownership according to Germanic law, while in the villages which had belonged to the Venetian Republic there was in force the Latin inheritance law, according to which the ownership was divided equally between the heirs, but did not allow any of them to live on the sole income from land ownership; this generated a temporary or permanent mass departure from the mountains. In Col and Fodom the departure of adults was more limited, however the emigration of minors was extremely widespread, especially towards Val Pusteria and Val Gardena, a sad phenomenon documen-ted through life testimonies.

Using SERVQUAL model to analyse cultural tourist satisfaction: Case study of Dak Lak province, Vietnam

In the context of the tourism boom globally, the competition among destinations has been an obstacle for tourism planners, marketers. Tourist satisfaction has become one of the crucial solutions to this topic. From the perspective that service quality plays a vital role in enhancing the tourist experiences at a place, the paper examines the case study of Dak Lak. Though Dak Lak, a region in Central Highlands, Vietnam, has bounteous cultural tourism resources, cultural tourist's needs and expectations have not been investigated via academic inquiry. Therefore, this paper approaches the SERVQUAL model to identify the actual gap between tourist expectation and tourist satisfaction. The study opts for quantitative research with 196 participants in the questionnaire. The results show a positive relationship between tourist expectation and tourist satisfaction for the cultural tourism type. Through the research, local government and businesses can develop additional services to enhance visitor experiences.

SHORT-TERM RENTALS: HOW MUCH IS TOO MUCH – SPATIAL PATTERNS IN PORTUGAL AND LISBON

Purpose - This paper analyses the growth of tourism in Portugal and in the municipality of Lisbon, with a focus on short-term rentals. Design - The paper begins with the statistical background of the tourism boom that occurred in Portugal in the 2010s. The central part of the paper concentrates on an analysis of the spatial distribution of short-term rental properties, consisting of two parts: i) observation of spatial patterns in Portugal, by NUTS II region; ii) analysis of the municipality of Lisbon, which accounts for 22% of all short-term rentals units registered in Portugal. Methodology - The spatial analysis was carried out within GIS, using an approach based on spatial statistics, with research that involves geographic data and big data. Approach - This study combines a qualitative and quantitative approach. It begins with a theoretical review on the growth of tourism and short-term rental in the last decade, followed by a quantitative-spatial analysis to the case of Portugal and the municipality of Lisbon, and ending with reflections that combine the results of the practical analysis with the most recent literature on the impacts of tourism in Lisbon Findings - The paper ends with some reflections on the excessive concentration of short-term rentals in urban areas and their positive and negative externalities on urban life. The results suggest that the city center presents the highest concentration of short-time rentals, but not the highest concentration of beds. It also shows that the excessive concentration of short-term rentals units may cause serious negative externalities that affect the quality of life in its multiple dimensions. Originality - The results and the final discussion of this paper contributes to a greater knowledge of the spatial distribution of short-term rentals in Portugal and Lisbon and to debate the future of short-term rentals in cities that are among the world’s leading tourism destinations.

Get to know Spain or its new image: context and reception of a TV campaign for the domestic tourist boom

Los documentales ocuparon un lugar destacado en el crecimiento de la producción propia de TVE en los años sesenta. Conozca usted España fue una serie de referencia en este terreno, en la que divulgación y fascinación turística se dieron la mano en torno al ideario del entonces ministro de Información y Turismo, Manuel Fraga Iribarne. Se argumentará que las novedades que introdujo el programa en el medio televisivo deben leerse en el contexto de una red de medios, caracterizada por determinadas prácticas y ciertas preferencias ideológicas, cuyos objetivos eran renovar la imagen del país apelando a su diversidad y animar a los españoles a viajar.

The journey towards dollarization: the role of the tourism industry

ABSTRACT There has been an increasing wave of globalization since the turn of the millennium. This study focuses on two by-products of globalization: dollarization and tourism. Empirical studies have ignored the possible relationship between dollarization and tourism. However, we hypothesize that a booming tourism industry will fuel increase in the usage and circulation of foreign currencies, thus increasing the level of dollarization. The objective of this study is to examine the extent to which the tourism industry exacerbates the dollarization process of selected Sub-sahara African (SSA) countries. Using Tobit regression, we found that tourism positively affects dollarization. Our results are robust to: (i) alternative measures of tourism; (ii) accounting for endogeneity and outlier effects.

Elena Belokurova, Dmitry Vorobyev, Promotion of World Heritage Values: Experiences in St. Petersburg and Other Cities of Russia

The paper reflects the experiences of the social movements, civic initiatives and NGOs in St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia as well as in some other post-Soviet countries, aimed at the promotion and raising awareness of local populations about the World Heritage value in their cities. These efforts are needed, because the outstanding universal values of the historic centres of St. Petersburg and other cities are threatened by illegal construction, misguided urban planning, neglect and a lack of public attention; churches and cultural landscapes suffer from poor restoration, development pressure and an unregulated tourism boom. These effects are often possible because the almost most local population has no knowledge about the UNESCO World Heritage status and its implications. As a result, they are not sufficiently able to speak out for the protection of their site, and do not know how the status of world cultural heritage can help them. Moreover, the population has little understanding of both the cultural value for their own community and what it means to be a World Heritage in general, leading to an insufficient realization of the potentials in the status of world cultural heritage.

After the Tourists Depart

This essay explores multiple aspects of a domestic tourism boom that has occurred in Ladakh, India, over the past two decades. It considers the nature of tourism itself within the context of leisure as a commodity and how visual interventions and photographic practices brand a tourist destination as a consumable idea, making a case for the inseparability of image and destination and arguing that the constructed image of a destination attracts a collective gaze. This perspective is then applied to the consumerist trajectory/ tragedy of Ladakh, which since the economic liberalization of India has been visually negotiated through imageries of the area as a destination for adventure and exotica. This experience is enacted through the consumerist practices of packaged tourism, and through a visual exploration of material remains—the paper documents material leftovers discarded by tourists.

Influencers, Brands, and Pivots in the Time of COVID-19

Influencers, Brands, and Pivots in the Time of COVID-19

The management of labour recruitment: The hotel chains during the Spanish tourism boom, 1959–1973

This paper explores the labour management of hotel chains during the Spanish tourism boom, a period characterized by high labour shortages. Focusing on the behaviour of three prominent emerging hotel chains in the Balearic Islands, we adopt a micro-comparative approach to examine their payrolls. Our findings suggest that the economic and geographical characteristics of the areas where they operated were crucial to their decisions. Firms located in populated areas developed channels of seasonal labour that supplied migrant workers through chain migration and kinship links. Conversely, firms in areas of intense landscape transformation pursued recruitment at origin in specific towns on mainland Spain or in foreign countries. This strategy played a key role in the development of new international tourism destinations.

A double life cycle in tourism arrivals to Spain: Unit root tests with gradual change analysis

The Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) theory by Butler (1980) proposes an S-shaped growth trend for the evolution of the number of tourists to a specific tourist destination. According to the data on tourist arrivals in Spain from 1946 to 2015, there may have been one or two life cycles. This paper sets out to test these hypotheses by unit root tests with gradual change. The results confirm that a double S-shaped or bilogistic curve is the long-run equilibrium, thereby validating the existence of two TALCs in the evolution of Spanish tourism. The two logistic curves overlap in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The first is characterized by the Spanish tourism boom in the 1960s, while the second illustrates the intense growth from 1995 to 2007, a period of sustained world economic growth.