Tourism Statistics Research Articles

Seasonal changes in black carbon footprint on the Antarctic Peninsula due to rising shipborne tourism and forest fires.

Refractory black carbon (rBC) has great potential to increase melting when deposited on snow and ice surfaces. Previous studies attributed sources and impacts of rBC in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region by investigating long-range atmospheric transport from South Hemisphere biomass burning and industrial regions or by assessing impacts from local tourism and research activities. We used high-resolution measurements of refractory rBC in a firn core collected near the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as atmospheric rBC from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2, satellite measurements, modeling, burned area data, and tourism statistics, to assess combined impacts of both long-range transported rBC and locally emitted rBC. Our findings suggest that tourism activities have a regional rather than local impact and the increase in rBC concentrations during late spring-summer, influenced by tourism activities and fires in the Southern Hemisphere, can enhance ice melt. This highlights the need for strategies to reduce local and distant rBC emissions.

Tren Pariwisata Backpacker di Asia Tenggara

The backpacker tourism trend in Southeast Asia has grown rapidly in the past few decades, with Thailand becoming one of the top destinations for budget travelers. This study aims to identify the factors that make Thailand a favorite destination for backpackers in the region. The research methodology involves literature analysis, interviews with backpackers, and tourism statistics. The results show that the combination of natural beauty, cultural diversity, affordable cost of living, good tourism infrastructure, and easy access to various attractions are the main factors that attract backpackers. In addition, Thailand's image as a friendly, safe, and open country for foreign tourists also contributes to its popularity. The study also compares Thailand with its neighboring countries such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia to understand Thailand's competitive advantages. The findings provide insights for the government and tourism industry players in developing sustainable strategies to maintain and enhance the attractiveness of the destination for the backpacker tourist segment

Study of Economic Growth and Tourism Industry in Thailand

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between Thailand's tourism industry and its economic growth, while also examining the impact of government education spending, unemployment rates, tourism statistics, free visa policies, trade flow, and GDP. Data spanning 25 years (1995-2019) was collected. Results indicate that visa exemption policies play a crucial role in Thailand's economic growth, particularly in the tourism sector. A positive correlation between trade balance and GDP underscores the importance of maintaining favorable trade conditions for economic expansion. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach to foster both an effective education system and sustained economic growth in Thailand.

Leveraging regional assets for MICE tourism

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the current state of MICE tourism in Campania and explore strategic opportunities for its development. By identifying the strengths and weaknesses of this sector, the research aims to provide insights into how Campania can enhance its competitiveness as a MICE destination. The study seeks to offer recommendations for leveraging the region’s unique features, such as its cultural heritage and scenic landscapes, to attract more business travelers and corporate events, ultimately contributing to the region’s economic growth and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the MICE tourism sector in Campania. It involves analyzing quantitative data from regional tourism statistics and economic reports, complemented by qualitative insights gathered from interviews with key stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industries. The research also includes a comparative analysis of Campania with other regions renowned for MICE tourism, aiming to identify best practices and potential areas for improvement. This comprehensive methodology ensures a thorough understanding of Campania’s current MICE tourism landscape and its future potential.FindingsThe study reveals that Campania has substantial potential for growth in the MICE tourism sector, owing to its rich cultural assets and appealing locations. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and limited marketing efforts hinder its full potential. The findings suggest that targeted investments in infrastructure improvements, particularly in transportation and event facilities, along with robust marketing strategies, could significantly enhance Campania’s appeal as a MICE destination. Emphasizing sustainable practices could further differentiate the region in the competitive global market, attracting environmentally conscious business travelers.Originality/valueThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of the MICE tourism sector in Campania, offering valuable insights into its current status and future potential. It highlights the region’s unique strengths and the challenges it faces, providing actionable recommendations for strategic development. By focusing on both economic growth and sustainability, this research contributes to a broader understanding of how regions can successfully leverage MICE tourism for long-term benefits. The findings and recommendations serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, tourism authorities and stakeholders in the hospitality industry seeking to enhance Campania’s position in the global MICE tourism market.

Impacts of the terrorist attacks and political incidents in major cities on tourism industry: Evidence from the tourism managers in Turkey

Tourism crises caused by terrorism are characterised by a sharp decline in inbound tourism and a severe deterioration of destination image. Between 2015 and 2017, Turkey suffered terrorist attacks and political incidents in major cities such as Istanbul, Ankara, Gaziantep, and Şanlıurfa. This paper explores crisis-related factors and their influence on destination image and tourism demand with a series of three studies adopting both primary data collected from tourism managers and secondary data analysis of tourism statistics. Study A explored the adapted measurement tool's reliability and validity to define the factors related to crisis impacts. Study B involved CFA to validate the dimensions of measurement tools and regression analyses to examine their influence on destination image and tourism demand. Study C included a comparison of the tourist arrival and expenditure statistics from 2014 to 2019 with a secondary data analysis. Study A showed that the long-term effects of crises caused by terrorism must be evaluated in structural and political dimensions. Study B indicated that both factors affected destination image negatively, while only structural problems influenced international and domestic tourism demand. Study C supported the effect of both factors on tourist arrivals and tourism income, involving the analysis of tourism statistics.

El Niño’s Implications for the Victoria Falls Resort and Tourism Economy in the Era of Climate Change

Scientists agree that as global temperatures rise, the intensity of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon also increases. In southern Africa, El Niño events often cause severe droughts that adversely affect a region’s gross domestic product (GDP). However, the impact of El Niño on the tourism industry in this area has not been studied sufficiently. This study examines how frequently El Niño events occur and their consequences on the Victoria Falls resort. It specifically focuses on the potential implications for the regional tourism economy during the 2023–2024 El Niño event. This study critically analyses potential strategies for tourism businesses to enhance their resilience in light of the increasing intensity of El Niño events in the region. Using the Niño 3.4 index, it has been determined that there have been at least four extreme El Niño events since 1980: 1983, 1998, and 2016, and most recently, in 2023/24. Analysis of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and hydrological data from the Victoria Falls hydrological station showed that El Niño events significantly affect water flows at Victoria Falls, negatively impacting the resort’s reputation and brand. Examination of tourism statistics reveals that drought often leads to a decline in tourism, negatively affecting tourist resort towns’ economies. Given the projected record-low water levels for late 2024, this study recommends implementing improved communication and marketing strategies that highlight low-water activities and other non-water-dependent tourism offerings at the resort to ensure the resilience of the tourism economy. There is an urgent need to promote resorts as year-round destinations to support the climate-resilient tourism sector.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Tourists Experience, Knowledge, Digital Strategic Decisions of Tourism Site Managers and Tourism Business Sustainability

The aim of this research is to propose a tourism observatory design to support strategic decision-making in tourist destinations. The proposed methodology uses input-output analysis. We propose the destination survey as a model for randomly selecting visitors at tourist attractions. The research results reveal that the observatory concept serves as a viable tool for tourism policy, addressing the information gaps at the destination level, where national statistical operations fall short. Observatories act as management tools that generate and concentrate scientific and statistical information, becoming the main source of official tourist data about a destination. However, in almost provinces, existing information does not fully meet the needs of users. Therefore, this research suggests a tourism observatory model to enhance the availability of systematic and timely information for decision-making at the provincial level. We hope that provinces and territorial units on a sub-national scale, lacking a complete tourism information system, will find the proposed model useful. We expect them to implement tourism observatory projects as a means to address specific needs, resolve local issues by uniting various tourism system participants, and address deficiencies in their current tourism statistics system. In this regard, provincial tourism observatories are expected to play a decisive role in the development of indicators and the calculation of trends, and the results obtained will provide feedback on the actions taken in relation to tourism policy.

Planning For Resilience: Examining Gaps in Cyclone Preparedness and Impacts on Marginalized Communities in India's East coast cities

Cyclones and associated storm surges pose a major threat to coastal communities in India, especially along the Bay of Bengal where their intensity is higher. This paper examines cyclone resilience planning in four coastal cities - Visakhapatnam, Puri, Rameshwaram, and Velankanni. A multi-dimensional analysis is undertaken to focus on disaster preparedness, tourism economy contributions, socio-economic inclusion, and sustainability principles. The key objective is to study the integration of cyclone resilience with equitable, tourism-based development to strengthen vulnerable communities through conceptual modeling. The research methodology employs a mixed methods approach combining literature review, secondary data analysis of resilience infrastructure and tourism statistics, and conceptual model development. Findings highlight continued infrastructure and preparedness gaps alongside persisting socio-economic disparities limiting resilience access for marginalized groups. While progress is visible on early warnings, shelters, and evacuations, constraints exist regarding storm-proofing of amenities, customized enterprise support, secure housing, and risk financing tools. The study concludes that resilient, sustainable outcomes require planning processes that engage tourism-dependent communities through bottom-up participation. Coupled with hazard-resilient land use standards, customized livelihood protection schemes, resilient affordable housing programs, and coherent governance; tourism-centric coastal cities can enhance capacities to absorb cyclone impacts and enable inclusive rebuilding. Key Words: Cyclone resilience, Coastal city planning, Socio-economic vulnerabilities, Tourism economies

Quantitative impact analysis of cross-border tourism on global food greenhouse gas emissions

Globalization has fueled the rapid expansion of international tourism, significantly impacting global food systems. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of tourism on global food greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. By integrating the Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database and the World Tourism Organization Tourism Statistics database, we analyze regional differences in dietary choices among cross-border tourists and connect them to detailed national-level food supply inventories, enabling us to estimate the GHG emissions associated with cross-border tourism. Additionally, we employ the modified Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (RICE) model to project future trends in tourism-related GHG emissions across regions and countries. Our findings indicate that tourism has resulted in a reduction of 620 Mt CO2e in global food system emissions between 2001 and 2019. Taking into account tourism development trajectories and regional economic growth, our projection suggests that GHG emissions reduction from the global food system resulting from tourism could reach a substantial 96 Mt CO2e per year by 2100. The analysis shows that strengthening the national economy and increasing the labor force, and taking reasonable measures to change the social diet pattern in different regions can further reduce tourism embodied food GHG emissions. This study highlights the significant role of tourism in mitigating global food system emissions and underscores the potential for further emission reductions in the future.

URGENSI EVENT IMAGE DAN TOURISM EXPERIENCE DALAM MENCIPTAKAN REVISIT INTENTION PADA DESA WISATA KABUPATEN SUMENEP

This research was motivated by a decrease in the number of visitors to the Kedatim Mangrove Tourism, Sumenep Regency. This research aims to determine the influence of event image and tourism experience on the intention to visit again, both directly and through the intervening variable of tourism satisfaction at Kedatim Mangrove Tourism. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 100 visitors. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The data analysis technique used is Partial Least Square. The research results show that event image (X1) does not have a significant effect on intention to revisit. Tourist experience (X2) has a significant effect on the intention to visit again. The image of the event (X1) has a significant effect on tourism satisfaction. Tourist experience (X2) has a significant effect on tourist satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction (Z) does not affect interest in returning to visit. Event image (X1) has no significant effect on the intention to revisit through tourism statistics. Tourist experience (X2) does not have a significant effect on the intention to visit again through tourism satisfaction.
 Keywords: Event Image; Tourism Experience; Tourism Statisfaction; Revisit Intention

Analysis Of The Influence Of The Tourism Sector On Pad Of The Tourism Sub-Sector In The District/City Of The Special Region Of Yogyakarta (2013-2021)

This research aims to analyze the influence of the number of tourist visits, the number of tourist attractions, and the number of non-star hotels on the Regional Original Income of the Tourism Sub Sector in the Districts/Cities of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province in 2013-2021. This research is based on secondary data, namely the number of tourist visits, number of tourist attractions, and local revenue from the tourism sub-sector which is available in the Tourism Statistics of the Yogyakarta Special Region Tourism Office in 2013-2021 as well as the number of non-star hotels available in the Central Statistics Agency in 2013-2021. The analytical tool used is Panel Data Regression with the Random Effect Model (REM) approach. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the variables number of tourist visits and number of non-star hotels have a significant and positive influence on local revenue in the tourism sub-sector. Meanwhile, the number of tourist attractions has no effect on the local revenue of the tourism sub-sector.

Assessment of agro-recreational tourism attractiveness of the region and prospects for development of agrotourism entrepreneurship

The tourism and recreation sector is so diverse that its development cannot be overestimated. In world practice, accounting data proposed by the World Tourism Organization are used to maintain tourism statistics, the main of which is the number of tourists visiting a certain area. The tourism industry, which covers up to 30 branches of the economy, cannot be evaluated only by the number of tourists visiting a certain area or by some other indicators.Tourism resources, including natural and anthropogenic resources, form the basis of tourism industry activity. This region attracts tourists due to the presence of objects of the conservation fund of the regions of Namangan region, mineral springs, historical and cultural monuments, favorable climatic conditions, rich flora and fauna. It is possible to get a high socio-economic effect from its development only after measures are taken to beautify the area, develop the material and technical base of agrarian tourism, etc.

Original

According to UNWTO 2012 (United Nation World Tourism Organization), “Tourism has a great potential to accelerate progress across the Sustainable Development Goals” (SDGs). In India, rural tourism is one of the modern and emerging concepts, gaining popularity for playing a significant role in rural development. This is an alternative livelihood through which local people are getting social, economic, and cultural benefits. And, the Ministry of Tourism is also focusing on creating rural tourism projects. At present, Govt. of India has 107 rural tourism projects in 29 States which is an initiative towards AtmaNirbhar Bharat and Sustainable Development in rural areas of India. Many goals of Sustainable Development are directly and indirectly related to the objectives of rural tourism and the Govt. of India wants to rejuvenate this to gain self-economic growth after the COVID-19 outbreak. So, this paper focused on how sustainable development goals like gender equality; decent work, economic growth, etc. are connected with rural tourism. This paper is based on content analysis techniques and secondary data like reports from the Ministry of Tourism, reports on evaluation cum impact study of rural tourism projects (2011), India Tourism Statistics (2022), National Sample Survey Office report, and National Tourism Policies, Internet and Mobile Association of India report on homestay. The paper provides an overview of the connection of rural tourism and SDGs and how it is helping to achieve some sustainable development goals in India.

The evaluation of (big) data integration methods in tourism

In view of many dynamic changes taking place in the modern world due to the pandemic, the migration crisis, armed conflicts, etc., it is a huge challenge for official statistics to provide good-quality information, which should be available almost in real time. In this context, integration of data from multiple sources, in particular big data, is a prerequisite. The aim of the article is to characterise and evaluate the following selected methods of data integration in tourism statistics: Natural Language Processing (NLP), machine learning algorithm, i.e. K-Nearest Neighbours (K-NN) using TF-IDF and N-gram techniques, and Fuzzy Matching, belonging to probabilistic methods. In tourism surveys, data acquired using web scraping deserve special attention. For this reason, the analysed methods were used to combine data from booking portals (Booking.com, Hotels.com and Airbnb.com) with a tourism survey frame. An attempt was also made to answer the question of how the data obtained from web scraping of tourism portals improved the quality of the frame. The study showed that Fuzzy Matching based on the Levenshtein algorithm combined with Vincenty’s formula was the most effective among all tested methods. In addition, as a result of data integration, it was possible to significantly improve the quality of the tourism survey frame in 2023 (an increase in the number of new accommodation establishments in Poland by 1.1% and in Bulgaria by 1.4%).

THE IMPACT OF DECREASING TOURIST VISITS ON CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) LEVELS IN YOGYAKARTA

The impact of the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID 19) affects all people in the world. One of the efforts by the Indonesian government to reduce the spread of the virus is by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). The impact of the PSBB can be felt directly by the community in various sectors. The existence of regulations regarding restrictions on large-scale social activities (PSBB) has resulted in a decrease in activity in all fields, one of which is tourism in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The positive side that can be drawn from social restriction regulations is the potential for reducing pollutants that pollute urban air caused by human activities. This study analyzes data from air quality testing results in the City of Yogyakarta from the Ministry of Environment (KLH) and the number of tourists visiting Yogyakarta from the Yogyakarta City Tourism Office in 2019 to 2020. Based on data obtained from the Yogyakarta City Tourism Office from 2019 to 2019 2020 saw an average decrease in tourist visits by 70% at three tourist sites in the city of Yogyakarta, namely: the Yogyakarta Palace, Taman Pintar, and the Vredeburg Museum. Based on data obtained from the Yogyakarta Special Region Tourism Statistics Report for 2019 and 2020, there has been an average decrease in tourist visits by 71% at ten tourist sites in the City of Yogyakarta. The decrease in tourist visits affects the air quality in the Yogyakarta City environment. This can be proven by improving the quality of ambient air in the City of Yogyakarta in 2020. Reducing the level of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air in the city of Yogyakarta by 12.5%.

Digital twins, big data governance, and sustainable tourism

The rapid adoption of digital technologies has revolutionized business operations and introduced emerging concepts such as Digital Twin (DT) technology, which has the potential to predict system responses before they occur, making it an attractive option for smart and sustainable tourism. However, implementing DT software systems poses significant challenges, including compliance with regulations and effective communication among stakeholders, and concerns surrounding security, privacy, and trust with the use of big data. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a documentation framework for architectural decisions (DFAD) that applies the concept of big data governance to the digital system. The framework aims to ensure accountability, transparency, and trustworthiness while adhering to rules and regulations. To demonstrate its applicability, a case study and three case scenarios on the potential use of Mobile Positioning Data (MPD) in Indonesia for DT technology in smart and sustainable tourism were examined. The paper highlights the benefits of DFAD in shaping stakeholder communication and human–machine interactions while leveraging the potential of MPD to measure tourism statistics by Statistics Indonesia since 2016. Not only the documentation framework promotes compliance with regulations, but it also facilitates effective communication among stakeholders and enhances trust and transparency in the use of big data in DT technology for smart and sustainable tourism. This paper emphasizes the importance of effective big data governance and its potential to promote sustainable tourism practices. The multidisciplinarity approach on political science, software engineering, tourism, and official statistics provides an opportunity for academic contribution and decision-making processes.

Nowcasting tourist nights spent using innovative human mobility data.

The publication of tourism statistics often does not keep up with the highly dynamic tourism demand trends, especially critical during crises. Alternative data sources such as digital traces and web searches represent an important source to potentially fill this gap, since they are generally timely, and available at detailed spatial scale. In this study we explore the potential of human mobility data from the Google Community Mobility Reports to nowcast the number of monthly nights spent at sub-national scale across 11 European countries in 2020, 2021, and the first half of 2022. Using a machine learning implementation, we found that this novel data source is able to predict the tourism demand with high accuracy, and we compare its potential in the tourism domain to web search and mobile phone data. This result paves the way for a more frequent and timely production of tourism statistics by researchers and statistical entities, and their usage to support tourism monitoring and management, although privacy and surveillance concerns still hinder an actual data innovation transition.

Nexus between Tourism Industry and Economic Growth of Nepal

The tourism sector is essential to economic growth and has the capacity to stimulate the economy. The aim of this paper to assess the relationship between tourism industry and its economic growth. The gross domestic product (GDP) indicates the economic growth and tourism industry development relates to tourist arrivals, length of stay, and gross foreign exchange earnings from tourism. This study is grounded on secondary data collected from the Economic Survey of Nepal and the Nepal Tourism Statistics from 2000 to 2021. The study finds short and long-term causality between tourism industry and economic growth. The tourism development indicators include arrivals of tourist, length of stay, and gross foreign exchange from tourism. The unidirectional causality of economic growth to the length of stay of tourists and tourism to gross foreign exchange earnings were observed in the study. Adequate government strategies for the tourism sector can accelerate economic growth. The policymakers should give adequate attention to diversifying the tourism services, improving infrastructure, encouraging local communities, promoting sustainable tourism, enhancing marketing efforts, and promoting collaborations between the public, commercial sectors and local communities to support tourism industry for the sustained in Nepal.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE POST-WAR GROWTH OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TOURISM IN THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE

In the presented scientific article, on the basis of the complex of studies carried out, the author analyzed the current state and prospects of the post-war growth of international business tourism in the concept of sustainable development of the tourist industry of Ukraine, as one of the leading tools for stimulating the recovery of the state's economy. The conducted author's research made it possible to determine that international tourism in general and its elements in particular, such as business tourism, are an extremely important aspect of the tourism industry of our country in terms of effective management of economic processes and require a corresponding update of approaches to their implementation, provision, development and quality review in relation to their implementation in life precisely in the concept of sustainable development. A study of the international tourism statistics of our country and a comparative analysis of the volumes of outbound and inbound tourism expenditures were carried out, the factors of negative impact on their level were systematized and analyzed. An improved author's understanding of the directions and prospects of the post-war growth of international business tourism in the concept of sustainable development of the tourism industry is provided. Also, the main features and principles of "sustainable tourism" are briefly explored, and the author's vision of this direction in a perspective context is proposed. Tourism has been proven to be one of the world's largest industries and categories of international trade, defined by an impressive network of socio-economic activities and the infrastructure necessary to support it. Based on this, it is shown and proven from the author's point of view that the implementation of international business in the concept of sustainable development in the post-war period will make it possible to: master the latest organizational and economic values and adapt to them; implement the concept of sustainable development in the international business tourism industry based on the definition of the features of its creation, distribution, accumulation and consumption of results; to form a new model of implementation and consumption, taking into account factors of a socio-ethnic nature.

The Implementation of the Eurostat methodology on tourism statistics

Teniendo en cuenta la importancia internacional del turismo, resulta sorprendente la falta de coherencia que muestran la estadísticas relacionadas con este sector. La Directiva sobre estadísticas desarrollada por Eurostat, supone una base indispensable en aras de la armonización. La primera parte del artículo se refiere a conceptos básicos relativos a las estadísticas de turismo, problemas y posibles soluciones. La segunda parte trata de la metodología propuesta por Eurostat sobre estadísticas de alojamiento. Se analizan las variables básicas de manera detallada a fin de ayudar en su aplicación.