Tourism Policy Makers Research Articles

AHP와 IPA를 활용한 지역사회 기반 관광 거버넌스에 대한 지역 주민 인식 연구

This study aimed to analyze local residents’ perceptions of community-based tourism governance. To achieve the purpose of the study, AHP and IPA research methods were used. Data was collected from 20 parties of community-based tourism, including local residents and merchants of Sehwa village in Jeju. The result of AHP analysis showed that the most important determinant was participation, followed by partnership, and institutionalization. Additionally, there appeared to be differences in the importance of the results of governance factors between the local people and tourism business operators. As a result of the IPA, unremitting maintenance was required for the ‘responsibility’ and ‘role sharing’, and the ‘professionalism’ needed improvement of community-based tourism governance. These findings will provide local community-based tourism policymakers and activists with practical implications for developing local community-based tourism.

Coopetition of European Union Countries within Destination Management

Coopetition has been the issue of various studies in different fields, but there is a research gap in examining coopetition within the tourism sector and destination management. This paper aims to determine whether there are internally homogeneous and externally heterogeneous groups of European Union countries regarding indicators of natural and cultural resources of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), and thus subsequently identify the importance and possibilities of competition among countries within the tourism sector. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis are used to verify the research hypothesis, along with ten indicators of the fourth sub-index (Natural and Cultural Resources) of TTCI. The results of the cluster analysis led to a six-group solution. Italy, Spain, and France have the best position in terms of tourism competitiveness. The results show space for competition in the international tourism market. Even though EU countries are competitors at a global level, their cooperation could be beneficial to tourism development. The findings of this study can be helpful in planning and strategy development for tourism policymakers and destination management organizations but can also be used to develop various marketing strategies. Furthermore, cooperation between destinations will support the need for strategic flexibility in the tourism sector, as the diversity of tourism attractions will increase.

An exploration of perceived ecotourism design affordance and destination social responsibility linkages to tourists’ pro-environmental behaviour and destination loyalty

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of perceived ecotourism design affordance and destination social responsibility on tourists’ pro-environmental behaviour and destination loyalty. It aims to shed light on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape sustainable tourist behaviour. Three hundred and fourteen responses were collected quantitatively through an online survey. The research hypotheses were analysed using the Partial-least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The path analysis revealed that perceived ecotourism design affordance significantly enhances tourist pro-environmental behaviour and destination loyalty. A similar dynamic also can be reported in the context of affordance and destination social responsibility. Surprisingly, tourist pro-environmental behaviour does not affect tourist destination loyalty. Results highlighted the need for tourism policymakers and industry players to develop ecotourism products and services that allow tourists to adapt their behaviour towards a sustainable direction.

Research Framework: Tourist Walkability and Sustainable Tourism Impact on Residents

Tourist walkability has the latent possibility to change how the travelling public moves around tourist destinations. This research paper brings in new perspectives that studies wide-ranging implications of tourist walkability. Set through the lens of Tourism Area Life Cycle, and residents’ perception of community-based tourism, the paper discusses the trepidations and developments in economic, environmental sustainability, quality-of-life satisfaction, and socio-cultural aspects of this urban and recreational tourism activity. A critical review of relevant literature, predominantly from 2011 to 2021 was extracted from ABDC publications, Scorpus, ResearchGate.net and Google Scholar. A new sub-field on tourist walkability and community-based tourism, is of relevance to tourism policymakers and entrepreneurs. A novel research framework is developed. It is proposed for scoping the research context and offer guidelines on proposed themes that can inform scholars when formulating valid and reliable survey measurements for their future works.

Hotel Revenue Convergence: Evidence Across Star Hotels in Chinese Provinces.

This paper analyses, for the first time, potential convergence patterns of hotel revenues across provinces in China. Through the club clustering methodology, the analysis uses a unique dataset of all hotels across all Chinese provinces. The findings document that these hotel revenues follow a diverging pattern on a national level, while a converging pattern is identified across certain provinces, thus forming specific clubs. When the analysis is extended to identify potential drivers for such diverging or converging behavior, the new results illustrate the role of productivity trends, management strategies and tax policies as those factors that drive such patterns. The results could be of substantial value, primarily for tourism policymakers to further improve the current framework of the Chinese hotel industry to introduce practices and policies that will allow the industry to catch up with the global market. Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11293-022-09745-6.

Empirical Study on Local Residents’ Participation in Endogenous Tourism Development

Purpose: The present paper endeavors to explore the three-pronged approach; to identify the local residents’ attitude, to investigate the local residents’ participation in planning and implementing the endogenous tourism development project, as well to investigate the influence of local residents’ participation upon perception caused by the socio-economical and cultural impact of endogenous tourism. Methodology: This research study is explorative by nature adopting both descriptive and analytical methods. The research process involves the sampling technique. Field interview has been initiated to collect the data for the purposive sampling method. An open-ended questionnaire has been prepared for the random sampling to obtain the data from the respondents. Findings: The research study explores the impact of local residents’ participation in endogenous tourism development projects. For this reason, one way ANOVA has been conducted that reveal a value of less than 0.05 which signifies local residents’ participation impacts on the tourism planning and implementation. Practical Implications: The participation has increased the positive attitude among the residents resulting in the sustainable approach towards endogenous tourism development. Local residents’ participation in the implementation of endogenous tourism projects has enhanced their quality of life in terms of socio-economic and cultural development. Originality: The primary purpose of the endogenous tourism project in Pipli and Raghurajpur village of Odisha is the inclusive development through active resident participation and involvement. Endogenous tourism development project has also intensified the infrastructure development of the region, hence tourism policymakers and planners should think of deriving the maximum benefits by encouraging residents to a greater extent.

Understanding residents’ attitudes towards tourists: Connecting stereotypes, emotions and behaviours

Understanding residents' attitudes towards tourists is an important area in tourism research as it is concerning host-guest interactions, tourists' experiences and destination images that influence sustainable tourism development. This research presents a tripartite model by connecting the interrelationships amongst stereotypes, emotions, and behaviours of residents against tourists. Data were collected via a multi-national sample of residents from Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. The model highlights the influence of the four dimensions of stereotypes (i.e., approachable, competence, boastfulness, and rude) onto the elicitation of upwards assimilative or downwards contrastive emotions (e.g., admiration and contempt), which further cues residents' facilitative or harmful behaviours. The tripartite models enhance tourism knowledge on residents' attitudes and provides insights for tourism policymakers and destination management organizations (DMOs) on managing host-guest relations, such as enlisting residents as place ambassador and educate tourists to ‘act-like-a-local’ with destination norms. • Multi-national analysis of residents' attitudes towards tourists from Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. • Tripartite model covering interrelationships amongst stereotypes, emotions, and behaviours. • Emotions mediate stereotypes and residents' behaviours against tourists. • Residents' attitude of tourists as rude simultaneously reduces positive and induce negative emotions and behaviours.

How Anxious are Indonesians when They Can Travel Again Soon?

When traveling soon, Indonesia faces travel anxiety after experiencing travel restrictions during a pandemic. This study is dedicated to identifying how strong the level of anxiety is and the tactical steps Indonesian tourism policymakers can take. Through a quantitative approach, it was found that there were differences in the application of the theory of anxiety levels initiated by Peplau. However, through adjustments and theoretical extensions to the pandemic situation, this study identifies the readiness of the Indonesians by looking at their feelings of anxiety, which are primarily low and medium. As a result, Indonesians with mid-education levels, low incomes, and living in areas with low tourist movement tend to have low anxiety levels. Meanwhile, the best way to deal with Indonesian people who feel excessive anxiety is to direct them to natural attractions with appropriate amenities that can be reached by private vehicles in short trip durations.

농어촌마을의 지역사회 기반 관광 거버넌스 형성 요인 중요도 분석: 제주 세화마을을 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to identify priority of governance factors for community based tourism of rural village. For the study proposed a hierarchical structure for evaluating governance factors by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Data were collected from 30 parties of community based tourism include activist of local, local residents and local merchants of Sehwa village of Jeju. AHP hierarchical structure consisted of 3 main determinants with 9 attributes, which included participation, partnership and institutionalization. The results of AHP analysis show that the most important determinant was participation, followed by partnership, and institutionalization. In addition, there appeared to be differences in the importance results of governance factors for each party. The findings will provide local commuity baced tourism policy makers and activist with practical implications in developing local commuity based tourism.

SME resilience as a catalyst for tourism destinations: a literature review

This study proposes a holistic framework, which synthesized the literature on resilience, tourism, and tourism micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The dimensions of resilience were used as lens to highlight the role played by tourism small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and extract strategies for tourism destination resilience amid various disasters. The systematic integrative literature review of 107 documents covered six books and 101 papers. Seven sources are chapters from 6 books and 94 articles from 47 journals. The literature review uses thematic analysis to extract dimensional concepts from extant literature on resilience, tourism resilience, and tourism MSMEs. Key insights on limitations and strategies on resilience emerged from the review. These addressed aspects of governance, economics, environment, and social resilience. This analysis led to the formulation of a framework that underscored the dimensions of tourism. It provides insights for tourism policymakers in drafting strategies to address limitations, which anchored on a more comprehensive perspective. As a contribution to theory, this study expanded the scope of resilience dimensions to address limitations. The strategies intend to fortify MSME resilience as a dominant part of tourism resilience. The insights from the study offer an enhanced view of tourism MSME resilience as crisis and disaster management literature.

The negative influence of environmentally sustainable behavior on tourists

Environmentally sustainable behavior influences tourists purchasing decisions on whether to engage in sustainable consumption. Based on resource conservation theory and an actor-centric perspective, the current study investigates how and when engaging in environmentally sustainable behavior directly and indirectly affects emotional exhaustion and unneeded behavior. Emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between environmentally sustainable behavior and unneeded behavior, with moderating effects of environmental concern and perceived environmental knowledge. Using the experience sampling method, data are collected in a10-day questionnaire from 151 tourists in Shanghai. Results from multi-level structural equation modeling show negative impacts of tourist environmentally sustainable behavior on unneeded behavior via emotional exhaustion. The nexus between environmentally sustainable behavior and emotional exhaustion is stronger at low environmental concern and weaker at perceived environmental knowledge. This conclusion may enrich conservation theory and show practical values for tourism policy makers, producers and marketers.

Has a Pandemic Provided an Opportunity for Food in Tourism?

This is an autoethnographic perspective, informed by my experience over four decades as a practitioner, policy maker and academic. The primary thrust of my argument is that, within the wider tourism industry, food in tourism is integral across all sectors, markets, and populations with enormous and sustainable social and economic potential. Realising that potential requires a shift beyond the existing traditional tourism paradigm that is based on narrow economic objectives. The pandemic may have created a tipping point, forcing that paradigm to shift to holistic, collaborative, and sustainable objectives reflecting fresh societal, cultural, environmental, and economic concerns. It is therefore critical to prepare for action in a post-pandemic world where challenges are different. This entails an awareness, and an understanding, of some of the conventions and practices of key elements outside of tourism and food. While there are many, I suggest focusing on those most critical to food-focused activity in tourism - that is, academic researchers in tourism, tourism industry practitioners, and tourism policy makers. In practice, these parties, and how they interact, inevitably require detailed attention and consideration in successfully advocating for any food-focused activity in tourism in general, and food in tourism in particular.

What Factors drives the Airbnb Listing’s Prices?

The main aim of this study is to assess the impact of Airbnb listing attributes on price. Pricing is widely acknowledged to be one of the most critical factors determining the long-term success of the accommodation industry (Hung et al., 2010). The study has applied OLS regression in assessing the relationship between price and its determinants.The study has shown that there exist significant impacts of the variables on price. The variables such as number of beds, number reviews, room type dummies, property type dummies and neighborhood dummies have shown the impact of prices for the New York City, supported by Wang and Nicolau (2017), Portolan (2013), and Dogru and Pekin (2017).In supplementing OLS results the study has employed variance-weighted least square and feasible generalized least square which they possess stronger estimation properties than OLS.The results of this research provide instructions and direction to main tourism stakeholders and policymakers, and at the same time assist facility owners in shaping prices helping them to create instruments for future planning.

Comparative analysis of national tourism decarbonisation plans

For tourism to be considered sustainable, the industry needs to be transparent in measuring, monitoring and reporting all emissions to actively contribute to the decarbonisation of the economy. The purpose of this study was to identify to what level tourism decarbonisation has been discussed, assessed, and planned for globally. For this study, a content analysis of national tourism plans was implemented to identify if the carbon footprint of tourism has been assessed, establish a unified approach to measure tourism emissions and determine what level of tourism decarbonisation strategies are currently in place. The findings in this study identified that the carbon footprint of tourism has not been assessed globally, lacks serious discussion and planning for tourism decarbonisation. Crucially, baseline data for tourism emissions are not available, as a result, tourism policymakers cannot monitor and manage the level of decarbonisation in tourism. Furthermore, a unified approach to measure tourism emissions needs to be agreed upon to ensure that each country measures the same criteria. Consequently, allowing policymakers to compare international tourism emissions and establish if tourism is actively transitioning towards a low-carbon industry. Climate change is a significant crisis facing humanity, and until now, this research has not been completed.

A Theoretical Model for the Implementation of Social Sustainability in the Synthesis of Tourism, Disability Studies, and Special-Needs Education

This paper deals with the study of disability science, special-needs education, and psychology of special needs in the context of tourism. It is rare to find a link between these research areas in the literature. Accessible tourism has attracted widespread research interest in recent decades, but the number of studies focusing on tourism in the fields of disability studies, special-needs education, and psychology of special needs is very limited. Although there is growing literature on accessible tourism and related topics, the development of the research field is uneven, as most research focuses on specific subareas without considering the context of the whole spectrum of the topic. The interdisciplinary research aims to explore the situations of people with disabilities in terms of their participation in tourism. The data collected will be used to analyse the supply and demand side of tourism from a specific perspective. Among the external environmental impacts, the issue of sustainability will be highlighted, which will be addressed from a societal perspective by analysing the sustainable development goals (SDGs) related to the topic. The study includes a theoretical analysis through the processing of secondary sources, linking the fields of tourism, disability studies, special-needs education, and psychology of special needs, with the potential of social sustainability and the achievement of the SDGs. The paper presents a new model that illustrates the potential for achieving social sustainability from the supply and demand side of tourism. The model can be valuable, not only for those who want to extend their research into this new field, but also for tourism policy makers. The study also identifies key research questions on this topic that merit theoretical and empirical exploration in the future.

COVID-19 crisis and resilience of tourism SME's: a focus on policy responses

Government policy responses play a significant role in increasing the resilience of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises during crisis periods. Proper selection and implementation of these policies is one of the major challenges facing tourism policy makers. The aim of this article is to propose a systematic framework for selecting government supportive policies that contribute effectively to resilience improvements of tourism SMEs during the COVID-19 disaster. After reading the international reports of the COVID-19 disaster carefully and using similar research findings in past disasters as the preliminary stage of framework development, a comprehensive list of country-based recovery policy responses as well as the critical success factors (CSFs) of tourism SMEs in the crisis recovery phase was extracted and then finalized in an expert-oriented process. In the next stage, the Z-SWARA was applied to weigh the CSFs. Then, four Z-MADM methods were implemented to rank the alternatives, and finally, the results were compounded with BORDA technique. The results of implementing the proposed framework in Iran's tourism industry show that Disaster management planning capability, as well as Marketing management are the most important CSFs. Also, financial support including direct lending and grants and subsidies to SMEs have been identified as the most effective governments' supportive policies to recover tourism SMEs in the post-disaster phase. Generally, these results have valuable implications for different stakeholders such as policymakers, practitioners and researchers in the tourism industry.

Tourism demand and energy consumption in the service sector

In the context of sustainable development, energy consumption reduction and energy efficiency improvement are recognized as global priorities. International tourist arrivals are increasing year by year, and tourism is recording increases in energy consumption. However, tourism needs to recognize its role in sustainable development, and make a significant contribution by using renewable energy and energy efficient technologies. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between tourist overnight stays and energy consumption in the service sector in the 10 EU countries that achieved the highest number of overnight stays. The survey covers a period of 19 years, from 2000 to 2018. Panel data analysis is used to observe the relationship between these two variables across time, based on random effects. The results show that there is a correlation between tourism overnights stays and energy consumption in the service sector, and that energy consumption is changing with the increase in tourist overnight stays. The results of the analysis indicate the need to enhance energy efficiency as well as encourage the use of energy from renewable sources in order to enable the sustainable development of economic and ecological systems. The empirical findings of this study can provide guidance on energy management to private entities and tourism policy makers in the EU.

I'm afraid to travel! Investigating the effect of perceived health risk on Malaysian travellers' post-pandemic perception and future travel intention

PurposeThis study investigates the effect of COVID-19 pandemic perceived health risk on traveller's post-pandemic perception and future travel intention. The study aims to provide insight into the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic and its potential influence on tourist behaviour.Design/methodology/approachTwo hundred and forty-four responses were gathered quantitatively through an online survey. The research hypotheses were analysed using the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThis study found that COVID-19 affects tourists' travel behaviour. Key findings found that perceived health risk discourages travel attitudes and eventually lessens their future travel intentions. Results also suggest future strategies/directions for restarting the tourism industry.Practical implicationsThe study outcome assists tourism stakeholders in understanding the changes in tourist behaviour amid the heightened perceived health risk of COVID-19. Tourism policymakers and industry players should consider exploring how to mitigate similar health crises in the future.Originality/valueBy extending the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study establishes a theoretical framework in exploring the interrelationships between perceived risk, post-pandemic perception and future travel intention. This study sets a significant research agenda for future tourism research in understanding the mechanism behind health risk perceptions and tourist behaviour.

Promoting Chinese Cultural Heritage Tourism in Sri Lanka during Post-COVID19 Revival Phase: Viewpoint

The Chinese outbound tourists have received the spotlight of many destinations around the world. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to discuss the Chinese cultural heritage tourism potential in Sri Lanka with the purpose of attracting Chinese tourists to Sri Lanka during the post-COVID19 tourism revival phase. The study critically evaluates the previous literature on Chinese outbound tourism, heritage tourism, and Chinese cultural heritage in Sri Lanka. The study follows an interpretivism research approach. The study identified the potential of attracting Chinese outbound tourists to Sri Lanka after developing Chinese Cultural Heritage in Sri Lanka as a niche tourism product. The study further examined the resilience of the Chinese outbound market against the COVID19 pandemic and makes recommendations to attract Chinese tourists to Sri Lanka during the post-COVID19 revival phase. This viewpoint paper provides practical implications to Sri Lanka tourism policy makers and practitioners on how to attract the Chinese outbound tourists, which has not been systematically studied before.

The importance of support for sport tourism development among local residents: the mediating role of the perceived impacts of sport tourism

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore how the perceived impacts of sport tourism mediate the relationship between (1) place image and residents’ support for sport tourism development and (2) knowledge about tourism and residents’ support for sport tourism development. A total of 300 local residents participated in this study. The data were analysed using SmartPLS software. The results show that place image and perceived impacts of sport tourism are positively related to residents’ support for sport tourism development. Place image and knowledge about tourism are positively related to the perceived impacts of sport tourism. Additionally, the perceived impacts of sport tourism fully mediate the relationship between knowledge about tourism and residents’ support for sport tourism development, and partially mediate the relationship between place image and residents’ support for sport tourism development. These findings will offer valuable insight to tourism policy makers in crafting an effective sport tourism development plan to gain residents’ support for sport tourism development. Theoretical implications and practical implications are discussed, along with limitations and future research.