Tourism Paradigm Research Articles

Transformative epistemologies for regenerative tourism: towards a decolonial paradigm in science and practice?

There is a growing scholarly interest in the potential of regenerative tourism approaches to address sustainability challenges. Drawing from an ecological worldview that interweaves Indigenous and Western knowledge systems, regenerative tourism approaches seek to increase the capacity of support systems for fulfilling net-positive social-ecological effects. We argue that Western scientific paradigms drive current tourism research methodologies and are sometimes insufficient and unfit to (advance) regenerative tourism research. The extent to which new research methodological approaches can align with the ecological worldview and regenerative paradigm is an underpinning premise. As part of a broader study of the emerging regenerative tourism concept, a scoping review of 84 peer-reviewed and 116 grey literature articles, supplemented by consultations with nine regenerative tourism practitioners, six Indigenous practitioners and one cultural knowledge holder, identified nine research gaps that explicate this mismatch. An analytical framework guided the gap analysis and the formulation of a future research agenda. Findings suggest that tourism scholarship is not keeping pace with the evolution of regenerative tourism, requiring additional and new approaches. A transformational decolonial, transdisciplinary research paradigm is proposed that fully embraces the regenerative tourism paradigm and thus enables knowledge production that facilitates plural regenerative tourism futures.

뉴 노멀 시대 메타버스 관광 빅 데이터 분석

Sustainability is more important than anything else in tourism in the new normal era. And the virtual space of Metaverse is receiving a lot of attention in reality. Metaverse has become an indispensable keyword in all aspects of society, economy, and culture in the New Normal era. In particular, tourism is appearing in various forms by reflecting new perspectives such as ‘untact tourism’, ‘small tourism’, and ‘daily tourism’ due to the COVID-19 pandemic. And along with Metaverse, it is shifting to the tourism paradigm of the New Normal era. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify which specific topics related to Metaverse tourism are becoming issues and what characteristics they have through big data analysis of Metaverse tourism. First, in order to identify trends in Metaverse tourism, we apply the definitions of the four categories defined in the Metabus Roadmap Discourse: key words such as ‘augmented reality’, ‘life-logging’, ‘mirror world’, ‘virtual world’, ‘virtual world Metaverse’, ‘tourism’, and ‘travel’ were set.The data collection period was set for about one year from January 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022, and the TEXTOM 6.0 program, a big data integrated processing solution, was used. The collected data analysis utilized text-mining and semantic network analysis. In addition, simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, word cloud and ego-network visualization, and CONCOR analysis were conducted. Finally, it was clustered into four categories: 'Activating Travel and Tourism Experience Events', 'Metaverse Space Virtual Activities', 'Technology-based Future Tourism Platform', and 'Tourist City Content Service'. Based on this, users' needs for Metaverse tourism in the New Normal era were understood and theoretical and practical implications were provided to the Metaverse tourism industry.

Undertourism vs. Overtourism

This research aims to determine the number of articles dealing with overtourism and undertourism. The authors assume that there is not enough literature dealing with undertourism, while the concept of overtourism has been researched extensively. Undertourism is an underrated concept that requires further research. The selected 41 papers were collected from Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases according to basic search criteria. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used to reveal important facts about authors, sources, under topics, co-citation, and to classify selected papers according to the methods, techniques, and themes examined. The literature review results revealed that there are numerous papers about overtourism but few about the concept of undertourism. The paper's deficit concerning undertourism demands further research, with a precise and clear definition of the concept, its history, and implications for the sustainability of expanding the existing tourism paradigm.

Cultural Tourism and Knowledge Management: 
 The Importance of Epistemological Awareness in Cultural Tourism Destination Management

<p class="Abstract">Tourism is an industrial sector that is proliferating and
 promises benefits to large groups of people. This growth encourages the
 formation of tourist destinations consisting of infrastructure, supporting
 communities, and tourist attractions in many places. Some tourist destinations
 highlight the culture of the people as part of a tourist attraction. Using
 local culture as a tourist attraction will inevitably lead to a shift in the
 values and meanings of the culture. Culture consists of three dimensions;
 artifacts, behaviors, and ideas. Dimensions of ideas from culture include,
 among others, beliefs and knowledge that are owned and passed down from
 generation to generation through formal and non-formal education processes. In
 the context of culture as a tourist attraction, the dimensions of local
 cultural ideas will adapt to the tourism paradigm. Local beliefs will become a
 part of an economic system that emphasizes uniqueness in its interactions with
 other beliefs. Local knowledge, which includes factual, conceptual, procedural,
 and metacognitive knowledge, initially a process of adaptation of local
 communities to their environment, is now part of the tourism paradigm. Because
 of its global nature, the tourism paradigm is a paradigm that has universal
 standards. Therefore, epistemological awareness is needed to meet the
 dimensions of local cultural ideas and the global tourism paradigm. This
 epistemological awareness can be stimulated through knowledge management of the
 supporting community in the tourist destination by utilizing existing
 educational institutions and local organizations.<b><o:p></o:p></b></p>

Cultural Tourism and Knowledge Management: 
 The Importance of Epistemological Awareness in Cultural Tourism Destination Management

<p class="Abstract">Tourism is an industrial sector that is proliferating and
 promises benefits to large groups of people. This growth encourages the
 formation of tourist destinations consisting of infrastructure, supporting
 communities, and tourist attractions in many places. Some tourist destinations
 highlight the culture of the people as part of a tourist attraction. Using
 local culture as a tourist attraction will inevitably lead to a shift in the
 values and meanings of the culture. Culture consists of three dimensions;
 artifacts, behaviors, and ideas. Dimensions of ideas from culture include,
 among others, beliefs and knowledge that are owned and passed down from
 generation to generation through formal and non-formal education processes. In
 the context of culture as a tourist attraction, the dimensions of local
 cultural ideas will adapt to the tourism paradigm. Local beliefs will become a
 part of an economic system that emphasizes uniqueness in its interactions with
 other beliefs. Local knowledge, which includes factual, conceptual, procedural,
 and metacognitive knowledge, initially a process of adaptation of local
 communities to their environment, is now part of the tourism paradigm. Because
 of its global nature, the tourism paradigm is a paradigm that has universal
 standards. Therefore, epistemological awareness is needed to meet the
 dimensions of local cultural ideas and the global tourism paradigm. This
 epistemological awareness can be stimulated through knowledge management of the
 supporting community in the tourist destination by utilizing existing
 educational institutions and local organizations.<b><o:p></o:p></b></p>

НІШЕВИЙ ТУРИЗМ ЯК ШЛЯХ РОЗВИТКУ ПОВОЄННОЇ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the current problems of the development of the national tourism market in the post-war period. It is determined that the future of tourism in Ukraine is associated with the development of niche tourism types, accordingly, the essence of this form of tourism, criteria for identifying niches, methods and ways of their formation are established, and problems encountered in the process of their organization are outlined. In post-war Ukraine, it is advisable to develop such types of niche tourism that correspond to European tourism development trends and take into account the post-war state of the country. European trends include promoting unknown tourist destinations; increasing attention to education and training of tourism professionals; cooperation with governments and the private sector for cultural exchange. Ukrainian realities include creating a concept of memorializing historic places, developing memory-related tourist itineraries associated with the struggle for independence; forming unique tourist destinations and tourism products in the regions. Post-war tourism development was actively discussed at the level of the State Tourism Development Agency, regional administrations, and local communities at the First National Tourism Summit. The result of the discussion is the formation of the Concept of Memorializing Historic Sites in the Kyiv region. Among the priority types of niche tourism, cultural, health and wellness, rehabilitation, inclusive, "dark" tourism and memory-related itineraries are highlighted. Cultural tourism increasingly uses elements of intangible cultural heritage to preserve authenticity and shape the region's image. Creative tourism is developing as a new paradigm of cultural tourism, increasing the role of new experiences that tourists gain from participating in various activities. Health tourism is at the peak of popularity due to the steady demand for physical and spiritual healing and rehabilitation. Local communities and entrepreneurs are involved in the development of inclusive tourism which corresponds to global trends and existing demand. Each region should already identify its macro and micro niches and develop marketing programs for their promotion with the involvement of the local community. To improve the quality of personnel training for the development of regional niche types of tourism, relevant educational disciplines should be included in educational programs on the various levels.

PARIWISATA HALAL MENURUT PANDANGAN AL-QUR’AN

This research is based on the clues in the verses of the Koran related to tourism activities. Tourism in Islam is related to trip or travel undertaken by a person, both individually and as a group to go to some area. However, the paradigm of tourism so far is aimed at momentary pleasure, with hedonistic values ​​so that tourism turns into halal tourism. This study aims to describe the verses of the Koran which have messages for the people regarding halal tourism activities. This research approach is qualitative with the data sources are from various literatures. Based on this research, it is found that the verses of the Koran have provided a basis for halal tourism such as traveling together, enjoying God's creation, consuming halal food, and conducting sharia transactions, as well as sharia-compliant tourism activities.

High-Value Experience, High-Value Market Segments, and Sustainability Principles in Quality Tourism: Case Studies on Community-based Tourism Destinations in Indonesia

Quality tourism which has been recently proposed as the tourism development paradigm is still poorly defined. This paper attempts to explore the literature on this subject. Having visited quality tourism in tourism, sustainable tourism, and marketing-related literature, we propose that it pertains to three aspects 1) quality, high-value, and satisfying tourism products and services, 2) consumers who will ‘happily’ pay more to enjoy the high-value experience, and 3) aspect of ethics, transparency, and respect towards human, nature, and culture. Further, using the three aspects of quality tourism as a framework, case studies are presented to (1) analyze the adoption of the quality tourism paradigm at community-based tourism destinations in Yogyakarta and, (2) propose recommendations to transform these destinations to become quality tourism destinations. The case studies on three tourism villages as community-based tourism destinations that some aspects to be enhanced include the development of High-Value Experience as Represented by the Price of Tourism Products/Packages, marketing strategies to target High-value Market Segments, and further adoption of sustainable tourism development practices.

Geotourisms in Cibenda Village: Potencies of Sustainable Tourism in Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark after COVID–19 Pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic, which is still lasting from the end of 2019 until the 1st quarter of 2022, has influenced and altered the tourism paradigms before and after pandemic. The changes are not only adapting health protocols to minimize the pandemic outbreaks but also the tourism reborn from mass tourism into sustainable tourism. This research is investigating the geotourism activities in Cibenda village and its potencies of sustainable tourism found in geosites of the village which are included as geoarea of Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark. Qualitative descriptive method with a case study was used in this research. The data used are primary and secondary ones which were taken by observation, open interview with prominent people of Cibenda, and literature studies. This research’s results show that Cibenda village has potential tourism attractions with their geodiversity, biodiversity and cultural diversity providing something to see, something to do and something to learn. Furthermore, the geotourism activities in Cibenda are in accordance with the concept of quality adventure tourism and in line with sustainable tourism principles i.e. balancing the environmental conservation, local economic empowerment, as well as social and culture preservation which comply with the health protocols of COVID-19 and the necessities of tourism activities after pandemic.

The Future of Tourism in the Anthropocene

This article undertakes a comprehensive review of tourism's impacts on social-ecological systems and the use of the local to global commons. It examines a wide range of issues from climate change and air travel to biodiversity loss, pollution, and overtourism. It reinforces that tourism in modernity has pursued a dominant growth-driven paradigm of development and market expansion that is unsustainable. The review raises critical questions about how to move forward in the Anthropocene, where climate change is an existential threat to which travel and tourism must adjust. We offer directions for knowledge creation to develop nature-positive tourism that decouples from greenhouse gas emissions and seeks the regeneration of natural capital and communal health and well-being. This direction includes rethinking the purposes and values of tourism by addressing equity and ethical issues. It also calls for inclusivity of diverse worldviews and knowledge systems, including traditional and Indigenous knowledge. Such a pluralistic paradigm replaces the unsustainable modernist tourism paradigm that has dominated its evolution. We conclude with suggestions for research to advance nature-positive tourism.

A new tourism paradigm in the marketplace: Armchair travel and destination experiences

This study develops a robust theoretical framework in order to explain the effect of destination brand experiences in armchair tourism on the brands’ authenticity and the consumers’ loyalty. The study proposes sensory, behavioral, intellectual, and affective subfactors as the four subfactors of the destination brand experience in armchair tourism. The analytical outcome confirmed that the study’s eight hypotheses were supported. Specifically, destination brand experiences in armchair tourism have a meaningful effect on a brand’s authenticity, which in turn has a significant effect on the tourists’ loyalty. The study’s results successfully demonstrated the importance of the destination brand experience in armchair tourism, and it provides meaningful insights into its positive effect on tourists.

언어 연결망 분석을 활용한 관광 행동 연구 동향 분석

Due to the change in the tourism paradigm, the importance of understanding tourists' tourism behavior has been increasing. The purpose of this study is to identify trends in tourism behavior research published in the Journal of Destination Marketing & Management and to provide future research directions. This study collected research related to tourism behavior and/or tourist behavior from the JDMM database from 2012 to 2021 in order to achieve the study's goal. The current study used UCINET 6.682 to perform some language network analysis techniques, including density, eigenvector centrality, frequency of co-occurrence keywords, and CONCOR. The linkage patterns of keywords were concentrated into a few keywords, according to density analysis. The eigenvector centrality analysis results show that a few keywords in the keywords network were hierarchically structured. Furthermore, the first-ranked keywords were Behavioral intentions, Satisfaction, Tourist behavior, COVID-19, and Destination image, which can play a key role as the central keywords in the keyword network. The frequency of co-occurrence keywords results show that the frequency of co-occurrence keywords results show that Behavioral intentions - Satisfaction and Behavioral intentions - Destination image were the most common co-occurrence keywords within the keyword network. Finally, as a result of the CONCOR analysis, four clusters were identified, and it was confirmed that clusters related to social issues and destination images were the most important. The implications for future tourism behavior research were provided based on the findings of this analysis. Future research directions were also suggested by expanding various analysis techniques.

Post-Covid tourism planning: based on the Azores residents’ perceptions about the development of regional tourism

ABSTRACT During 2020, in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, many touristic destinations noticed a drop above 70% of tourists compared to the previous year - 2019. Moreover, some destinations registered a drop in more than 80% in overnight stays compared to 2019. Therefore, in the current period of economic crisis, residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism may differ substantially from those relating to periods of economic prosperity. Furthermore, the island destinations are more likely to suffer the adverse effects of tourism arising from their inadequate planning. The present study aims to know the current perceptions of residents in an insular region concerning the impacts of tourism development on their islands of residence. In this sense, several statistical methods were used in the scope of a quantitative approach, including some algorithms of Cluster Analysis, and Categorical Principal Component Analysis. Throughout this study, it is possible to identify the “Improve public infrastructure” as the most positive impact of this new tourism paradigm for this ultra-peripheral territory. It becomes clear that the Azores regional actors should follow the sustainable development strategy (including sustainable tourism) if this destination desires to prosper in the post-pandemic period as a potential rural tourism destination.

Sustainable cross-border tourism management: COVID-19 avoidance motive on resident hospitality

The psyche-altering effects of COVID-19 pandemic on sustainable tourism behaviors are underexplored. More so, the scant research largely presents tourists’ perspective. Extending this body of work, our study – deploying evolutionary tourism paradigm, examines whether, the why and when perceived COVID-19 infectability (pathogen avoidance motive) impairs resident hospitality, using a multi-wave data from MTurk U.S. workers (N = 857). As predicted, perceived COVID-19 infectability relates positively with tourist negative stereotype, which then relates negatively with resident hospitality. Unexpectedly, perceived COVID-19 infectability’s relation with resident hospitality was positive. However, tourist negative stereotype transmits the negative effect of perceived COVID-19 infectability to resident hospitality. Moreover, COVID-19 origin belief amplifies the positive effect of perceived COVID-19 infectability on tourist negative stereotype, and further strengthens the indirect effect of perceived COVID-19 infectability on resident hospitality through tourist negative stereotype. Theoretical, social, and managerial implications for sustainable tourism development have been discussed.

A new tourism paradigm and changes in domestic tourism for married Koreans in their 30s and 40s

ABSTRACT Due to the prolonged COVID-19 outbreak, more people are traveling domestically to relieve psychological fatigue. This study aimed to present a new tourism paradigm for the domestic tourism industry in Korea by identifying the changing tourism demand and patterns/preference of tourists due to COVID-19. Through comparative analysis of domestic travel before and after COVID-19, 632 samples were analysed using the 5W1H method. The results revealed the preferences of various tourism attributes such as travel companion, time, duration, distance, lodging facilities, and destination activity, which provided many practical implications for the tourism industry. The study results show that Korean families prefer shorter travel itineraries and destinations close to home after the COVID-19 pandemic. Preference for days of travel, accommodation, and major activities at destinations did not change, but were significantly affected. This study presents evidence that can provide a practical direction to the current situation thereby, enriching the extant tourism literature.

Has a Pandemic Provided an Opportunity for Food in Tourism?

This is an autoethnographic perspective, informed by my experience over four decades as a practitioner, policy maker and academic. The primary thrust of my argument is that, within the wider tourism industry, food in tourism is integral across all sectors, markets, and populations with enormous and sustainable social and economic potential. Realising that potential requires a shift beyond the existing traditional tourism paradigm that is based on narrow economic objectives. The pandemic may have created a tipping point, forcing that paradigm to shift to holistic, collaborative, and sustainable objectives reflecting fresh societal, cultural, environmental, and economic concerns. It is therefore critical to prepare for action in a post-pandemic world where challenges are different. This entails an awareness, and an understanding, of some of the conventions and practices of key elements outside of tourism and food. While there are many, I suggest focusing on those most critical to food-focused activity in tourism - that is, academic researchers in tourism, tourism industry practitioners, and tourism policy makers. In practice, these parties, and how they interact, inevitably require detailed attention and consideration in successfully advocating for any food-focused activity in tourism in general, and food in tourism in particular.

Regenerative tourism: a conceptual framework leveraging theory and practice

The sustainable tourism development agenda is widely criticised for being co-opted to serve continual economic growth, driving environmental devastation and social inequalities. In response, calls for a fundamental paradigm shift have become louder. Subsequently, a novel approach has emerged, regenerative tourism, which belongs to a long lineage of regenerative development approaches drawing from Western science and Indigenous perspectives, knowledge systems and practices. The paper develops a conceptual framework consisting of five design dimensions and seven practice principles based on practitioner consultations and an appraisal of the theoretical and practical dimensions of regenerative tourism. Consequently, the conceptual framework offers practical guidance for tourism stakeholders working towards regenerative futures. Arguably, this is the most comprehensive review of regenerative tourism to date and contributes to scholarship through its examination of the transformational potential of the regenerative tourism paradigm and related approaches. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at 10.1080/14616688.2022.2044376.

A conceptual analysis of sustainable tourism using a hybrid model: A case study of Jeju ecotourism

This study aims to reify the concept of sustainable tourism through the use of a hybrid model with a focus on Jeju. The conceptual definitions and the phenomenon are directly identified and analyzed with the collected data in the theoretical research stage of the study to understand in the field research stage. Following that, the two research stages were combined to present a conceptual definition of sustainable tourism. The concept of sustainable tourism is derived in four dimensions as a result of synthesizing the results of theoretical and field researches: sustainable development principles, resource management methods, resource management goals, and type of tourism, and a conceptual definition of sustainable tourism is proposed based on this. The academic implications of this study can be presented as a theoretical foundation for implementing the development and management strategies of resident-participatory ecotourism and regional tourism, which are required in the era of the establishment of the paradigm of sustainable tourism. And the practical implication of this study is that the findings can be used as a conceptual model of sustainable tourism that makes wise use of local resources. This paper's main contribution is that it provides a guideline for implementing sustainable tourism development.

Dentro y fuera del cubo blanco. Las consecuencias del Guggenheim Bilbao como modelo turístico en el siglo XXI. Reflexiones en torno a la arquitectura de museos

Museum architecture has recently become important as a trend in mass tourism and for this reason, the most renowned architects on the international scene are called upon to design new museum projects and to remodel historical ones. The implications on urban planning, the connection with the city in which it is located, its population and political and economic strategies are the keys to understanding the dynamic role of the museum and its importance in the current tourism model. In addition to raising these reflections on the current role of museum architecture, the accent of this study focuses on a biblio‑ graphic review of the Guggenheim Bilbao as a paradigm of mass cultural tourism, to later analyze the consequences it has had on the various attempts to replicate this tourist and cultural model in some cities in northern Spain. The particular case of each of the examples studied helps us to understand the common origin of their success or failure: the importance of a solid and sustainable museum project. With all this, and based on the reflections of O’Doherty in his work “Inside the white cube”, it is intended to provide a critical perspective on the issues raised.

Development Failure Analysis Kungkuk Tourism Village (Case Study in Punten Village, Batu City)

This study aims to analyze the failure of the development of the Kungkuk Village Tourism Village in Punten Village, Batu City. Developing the tourism paradigm in Indonesia has made Tourism Villages a Trend in tourism development. Villages are required to manage and build village potential. However, in the implementation process, it often encounters obstacles such as lack of optimality and even failure in development. Researchers seek to see the role of actors and collaboration to form collaborations between government, private, community, academic, and media (Penta Helix) in developing Tourism Villages. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results showed that the failure of the development of the Kungkuk Village Tourism Village was triggered by a lack of support from the village government, and no village regulation provided an umbrella for the development of the Tourism Village. The strong sectoral ego triggers a low level of collaboration between the government, the private sector, the community, academia, and the media to develop Tourism Villages.