Tourism Livelihoods Research Articles

Making tourism livelihoods sustainable: An assessment of community livelihood assets as impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic

Making tourism livelihoods sustainable: An assessment of community livelihood assets as impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic

What role does information capacity play in the tourism livelihood of farm households in ethnic villages?

Abstract Tourism livelihood has become an essential livelihood decision for people to get rid of poverty. Under the background of the internet era, it is of great significance to study how ethnic village farm households can participate in tourism livelihood with the help of information capacity. Applying the Resource Orchestration Theory and taking Guolan Yao Village in Jiangyong County of Hunan Province as an example, this paper uses binary logistic regression model and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the mechanism of farm households’ information capacity affecting their tourism livelihood. The findings are as follows: Firstly, in addition to financial capital, other livelihood capital and information capacity have a significant impact on farm households’ participation in tourism livelihood. Secondly, when financial capital is lacking, farm households in ethnic villages with information capacity can unite with human capital, social capital, natural capital or physical capital to make up for the non-existent defect of financial capital and help realize tourism livelihood. Thirdly, when human capital is lacking, farm households in ethnic villages with information capacity can make up for the absence of human capital by combining natural capital, financial capital and social capital to help realize tourism livelihood.

The pro-environmental behavioral intention of villagers in rural tourist destinations under China’s environmental remediation policy

This study examined villagers’ intention of pro-environmental behavior while supporting the Landcare Policy in China. The research team conducted field surveys of villagers from four famous scenic spots of Cili, which is near the world natural heritage site of the Zhangjiajie natural landscape core area. This area has developed rural tourism, many local villagers rely on tourism to obtain their livelihood income. However, the area is now affected by the environmental remediation policy called Landcare Policy. Cultivated land near the tourist area needs to be repaired, which affects the tourism income of some local villagers. Therefore, local villagers are facing a contradiction between tourism development and environmental protection. The study chose the change in local villagers’ pro-environmental intention as the research content. Then we adopted an empirically validated norm activation model (NAM) from Schwartz, and merged the NAM with the expectancy theory of Vroom, based on 511 valid responses from the field questionnaire surveys, we aimed to develop a theoretical framework for researchers to understand the change in villagers' pro-environmental behaviors, concerning the balance between rural tourism livelihood benefits and environmental remediation behavior. Structural equation modeling was conducted for each index of the responses, the findings showed that the merged model had 76.46% better predictive accuracy of villagers’ pro-environmental intentions than applying Schwartz’s NAM independently. This study found that the motivational force of this new theory significantly influences environmental personal norms due to the joint impact of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy. Villagers with a positive pro-environmental behavior intention expect good tourism benefits and environmental living conditions under the impact of the Landcare policy in rural tourism destinations near the famous natural heritage site.

Institutional support for building resilience within rural communities characterised by multifunctional land use

Rural landscapes around the world are increasingly transitioning towards multifunctional land uses that mix traditional agricultural production with amenity consumption and environmental protection. Better understanding is needed about how to promote resilience of rural communities in areas of increasingly contested land use. This research examined changes in land use in the rural hinterland of the Noosa Biosphere Reserve in sub-tropical Australia. Data collection included an online survey of Noosa hinterland landholders and a series of workshops in the Biosphere’s rural communities, featuring interactive digital mapping to address geospatial land use classification and data gaps. Our study found the area had transitioned to multifunctional land uses of agriculture with lifestyle residents interested in sustainable land management, niche agricultural, and consumptive eco- and health-based tourism livelihoods. We also identified an ongoing need for support for collaborative social learning consistent with UNESCO Biosphere Reserves’ mandate as learning hubs. The study’s findings indicate that complementary local government planning policy plays a role in providing institutional support for resilient rural communities in multifunctional settings.

Tourism livelihood transition and rhythmic sustainability: The case of the Reindeer Evenki in China

We employ Lefevbre's theory of rhythmanalysis to investigate how an indigenous tribe's livelihood rhythm has transformed with modernization and settlement in China and the paradox they are facing to achieve a sustainable tourism livelihood. Reindeer Evenki are evolving from traditional hunter herders into herders and tourism operators. The challenge in maintaining tourism livelihood involves the different types of livelihood arrhythmia. The Reindeer Evenki developed certain livelihood rhythm dressage strategies to achieve sustainable tourism livelihoods, although this is accompanied by threats to other livelihoods. Hence, to understand sustainable tourism livelihood, especially the different temporary modes of sustainability in livelihood portfolios, we propose extending the concept of tourism livelihood sustainability to monorhythmic livelihood sustainability and polyrhythmic livelihood sustainability.

Analysis of the Effect of Rural Tourism in Promoting Farmers’ Income and Its Influencing Factors–Based on Survey Data from Hanzhong in Southern Shaanxi

Five years after the implementation of the tourism precision poverty alleviation strategy, how effective it has been in alleviating poverty remains to be tested. This study, through a study of 241 farm households in 10 national tourism poverty alleviation key villages in the Qinba Mountain region of Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi, finds that rural tourism has contributed to a general increase in farm household income, but the effect of income increase varies significantly between households that have escaped poverty and non-poor households, and there is no significant difference in income between those who participate in tourism and those who do not. The study concludes that the poverty-reducing effects of tourism are conditional, with the poor quality of human capital being the main obstacle to farm households’ income growth, the institutional mechanism for tourism participation is inadequate, effective farm household tourism participation is significantly low, and non-farm work constitutes a substitute for farm households’ tourism livelihood options. The primary stage tourism scenic spots have a limited role in driving the income of farming households, and the geographical location limits the effective participation of farming households. Accordingly, the following countermeasures are proposed: (1) in terms of strategic decision-making options, establish a screening mechanism for tourism participation in poverty alleviation and implement diversified poverty governance; (2) in terms of tourism development strategies, encourage the integration of multiple industries and synergistic development, realize the two-way interaction of “+ tourism” and “tourism +”; (3) in terms of development methods, adhere to the participatory development path, improve the institutional mechanism for tourism participation, stimulate the endogenous motivation of farmers, and explore the dynamic participation path of “bottom-up”. (4) In the development of endogenous power, strengthen skills training, improve the comprehensive quality of farmers and their participation level and ability; (5) In the coordination and protection, play the coordinating and leading role of grass-roots party building, and continuously cultivate and strengthen tourism cooperative organizations.

基于草地生态系统服务认知的牧民生计选择——以新疆喀拉峻天山世界自然遗产地为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于草地生态系统服务认知的牧民生计选择——以新疆喀拉峻天山世界自然遗产地为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202105061174 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41961046） Choice of herders' livelihood based on the perception of grassland ecosystem services: Taking Xinjiang Kalajun Tianshan World Natural Heritage Site as an example Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:牧民对草地生态系统服务的重要性认知成为推动牧区生态环境保护以及牧民生计可持续发展的重要前提。以喀拉峻180份牧户实地调研数据为基础，在分析牧民对草地生态系统服务的认知程度和生计选择的基础上，运用灰色关联分析探究生态认知与生计选择的总体关联性，并采用多元Logistic模型探究生态系统服务认知对生计选择的具体影响。结果显示：（1）生态系统服务认知水平依次为调节服务（79.83%） > 支持服务（78.21%） > 文化服务（77.06%），且对气体调节的认知度最高（82.67%），对科研教育的认知度最低（72.11%）；（2）生态系统服务认知与生计选择的总体关联度均在0.47以上，处于中等关联水平；3）生态系统服务认知对选择旅游畜牧兼业生计影响相对显著，其中气体调节和土壤保持正向影响旅游畜牧兼业生计选择，而废物处理对其产生负向影响。 Abstract:The herders' perception of the importance of grassland ecosystem services has become an essential prerequisite for promoting ecological conservation in pastoral areas as well as sustainable development of herders' livelihoods. The collaborative development of grassland pastoral areas can't be achieved without herders' extensive participation and positive response. Based on 180 herding households' field research data in Kalajun Grassland, this article adopts gray relational analysis (GRA) to explore the overall correlation between ecological perceptions and livelihood choices according to the analysis of herders' perceptions of grassland ecosystem services and livelihood choices and multivariate logistic models to explore the specific effects of perceptions of ecosystem services on livelihood choices. The results show that:(1) The level of perception of ecosystem services is, in order, regulation services (79.83%) > support services (78.21%) > cultural services (77.06%), and the highest level of perception of gas regulation (82.67%) and the lowest level of perception of research and education (72.11%). (2) The overall correlations between perceptions of ecosystem services and livelihood choices are all above 0.47, and it is a moderate correlation level. (3) The perception of ecosystem services has a relatively significant effect on the selection of tourism-livestock part-time livelihoods, with gas regulation and soil conservation positively influencing tourism-livestock part-time livelihood selection and waste treatment negatively affecting it. The herders' perception of grassland ecosystem services is related to their life choices, reveals their attitude towards grassland ecological protection, and reflects their acceptance and fulfillment of grassland ecological protection policies. Although pastoralists' perception of grassland ecosystem services is generally at an upper-middle level, it is less effective in guiding livelihood choices, showing the characteristic of " It is easier to understand the reasoning of things, but harder to implement them." Most of the herders are mainly "conservative" herding livelihoods, while only a few choose "adventurous" tourism livelihoods. In the future, a combination of refining herders' own internal strengths and strengthening external government policies are needed to give the new generation of herders sufficient strength to meet the challenges of new livelihoods. On the one hand, it is necessary to practice "internal capabilities" and organize herders to participate in skills training activities so as to enhance the ability of herders to change jobs. On the other hand, by providing external support, the government plays a vital role in the transformation of livelihoods of herders, should give full play to the part of the government to protect the backbone. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Livelihoods and Tourism: Capital Assets, Household Resiliency, and Subjective Wellbeing

Although a positive relationship between tourism and quality of life is the premise of using tourism to support biodiversity conservation, tourism scholars rarely assess the relationship between tourism and community livelihoods with rigorous empirical methods, even less so in African contexts. Focusing on communities in the Greater Virunga Landscape in Rwanda and Uganda, we conducted a household survey to acquire empirical data to test novel hypotheses about tourism’s influence on capital assets, household resiliency, and subjective wellbeing. Using inferential statistical analyses (e.g., analysis of variance, chi-square difference test, and independent sample t-tests), we compared the responses from 346 residents who have direct access to tourism livelihoods with responses collected from 224 residents not engaged in tourism. Contrary to expectations, our findings suggest that tourism may not lead to dramatic differences in access to capital assets. However, we did discover moderate influences on household resiliency and subjective wellbeing. These intangible and subjective wellbeing outcomes of tourism-based livelihood programs are challenging to assess empirically. Yet, they may be among some of the most important from a human development standpoint. As a first effort to integrate three theoretical frameworks that have, to date, seen limited application in tourism research, this study has opened the door to further work at the intersections of capital assets, family resilience, and wellbeing theories. In conclusion, we argue that incentivizing the protection of local environments through tourism must be extended to other forms of capital, while also considering more nuanced manifestations of intangible wellbeing outcomes. As such, this paper makes a significant empirical contribution to the ongoing theoretical and practical debates about the tourism-conservation relationship.

Factors influencing the livelihood strategy choices of rural households in tourist destinations

Identifying the influence factors lie behind the livelihood choices of rural households are of crucial significance for improving the sustainable livelihoods of rural households in tourism regions. Five villages in Sa Pa District, Vietnam, were selected in this study, to conduct household surveys and interviews with 180 households. Based on this, a comprehensive approach, which includes multinomial/binary logistic regression, Ripley’s function, and geographical detector, is applied to understand the households’ capital endowment and factors lie behind their livelihood choices. Results show that for rural households, tourism livelihood yields the highest income, but the lack of diversity of livelihood activities may make tourism livelihood household more vulnerable to the external risk and shocks than balanced livelihood households. Different types of households are found to show clustering feature, with clustering degree ranking as: agricultural > balanced > tourism > labour. Households with more natural capital are less likely to choose livelihoods other than agriculture livelihood. And households with more financial capital are less likely to engage in agricultural livelihood. Both financial capital and social capital can facilitate engagement in balanced livelihood. And financial capital is key to tourism livelihood, and a barrier impeding agricultural households to participate in other livelihood activities.

Analyzing the farmers' pro-environmental behavior intention and their rural tourism livelihood in tourist village where its ecological environment is polluted.

This study examines farmers’ intentions towards pro-environmental behavior in a famous tourist village in China called Guanshan, whose ecological environment is polluted. By adopting the empirically validated norm activation model (NAM) of Schwartz and merging it with Vroom’s expectancy theory, the current research aims to develop a refined framework for understanding the formation of and predicting changes in pro-environmental intention. Field surveys were conducted in Guanshan, which resulted in sample data consisting of 275 valid responses collected by the research team. We develop a refined model, including six latent variables and 24 observational items. The structural equation modeling results show that the final model enjoys a better predictive accuracy of pro-environmental intention than does the original NAM. The study also discovers that the motivational force of expectancy theory significantly influences pro-environmental intention, whose motivational force comes from the impact of valence and expectancy. The pro-environmental intentions of farmers are mainly affected by the environmental personal norm and by a certain degree of personal expectancy. The improvement of farmers’ pro-environmental intention needs be promoted in two approaches: the cultivation of personal environmental protection norms and the guidance of producing a desired expectation for pro-environmental intention.

Research on Protection and Redevelopment Strategies of Industrial Heritage from the Perspective of Urban Innovation

Since the 18th century, industrial production has promoted the transformation of social productive forces and the progress of human civilization, formed a unique factory model and industrial civilization, and became a manifestation of the interaction between human and environment. With the industrial transformation in the middle of the 20th century, many large factories have stopped production and closed down, and their abandoned sites have formed a huge industrial heritage because they retain a large number of industrial buildings and machinery and equipment, which has become the focus of attention in urban environmental management and context protection. Industrial heritage has profound historical accumulation and cultural value. For the protection and redevelopment of industrial heritage, reasonable reconstruction plans should be formulated according to the preservation state and cultural value of the local industrial architectural landscape and the innovative needs of the city in terms of economy, people’s livelihood and environment. Under the current background of sustainable urban development and self-innovation, proper protection and development of industrial heritage is not only the functional transformation of abandoned industrial parks but also the functional repair of old urban areas. It is of positive significance for urban tourism development, economic revitalization, livelihood improvement, cultural protection and resilience design

Farmers’ Livelihood Adaptability in Rural Tourism Destinations: An Evaluation Study of Rural Revitalization in China

Rural tourism is one of the important ways to achieve rural revitalization and one of the choices for farmers to improve their viability. Therefore, the socio-ecological systems (SES) analysis framework and obstacle factor analysis can provide a new perspective for the evaluation of farmers’ behavior adaptation processes. In order to test the adaptation mechanisms of farmers’ lives in rural tourism destinations, we applied this analysis framework to Ying-Tao-Gou Village in China. The study found that the livelihood adaptation strategies of local farmers can be divided into the categories of “tourism livelihood”, “part-time livelihood”, “worker livelihood”, and “farming livelihood”. The livelihood adaptation of local farmers presented a relatively balanced picture. There were significant differences in the livelihood adaptability of different types of farmers, but tourism farmers had the strongest livelihood adaptability. There were various barriers to the livelihood adaptation of different types of farmers, such as household savings and education level. Finally, to improve the adaptability of farmers’ livelihoods, amendments can be made in policy formulation, tourism development, and by the farmers themselves. This study is of great significance for the government in formulating policies to improve people’s livelihoods, to stimulate the vitality of rural development, and to accelerate the development of rural revitalization.

Natural resources, tourism and community livelihoods in Southern Africa

Natural resources, tourism and community livelihoods in Southern Africa

Rebuilding Relocated Tribal Communities Better via Culture: Livelihood and Social Resilience for Disaster Risk Reduction

Building back better is the goal of post-disaster recovery. However, most of the extant literature focuses on hardware reconstruction and there is a lack of attention on the social aspect of recovery. This study aims to understand the role of culture in the recovery process of relocating indigenous communities through tourism livelihood. A Tsou indigenous settlement, relocated after the 2009 Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan, was used as a case study. Field data were collected through participant observations in tourism and community activities as well as semi-structured interviews over a period of 15 months. The study found that appealing to a relocated tribe’s culture, not their land, as their community’s foundation could reduce conflicts within the community and increase social resilience. Indigenous culture-based tourism could serve as an important source of livelihood for such tribes, supporting long-term development. This study highlights community-based cultural tourism as a post-disaster livelihood revival approach which is beneficial for a resilient recovery. Culture could reduce disaster risk through a transformation to a livelihood source and further become the base of community resilience. Instead of promoting detached culture preservation, this study argues that a livelihood-relevant culturally innovative transformation could create a win–win situation for both post-disaster community recovery and culture inheritance.

Evaluation of Tourism Efficiency in the Coastal Areas of China in the Context of the Happiness Industry

Yuan, J. and Liu, Y., 2020. Evaluation of tourism efficiency in the coastal areas of China in the context of the happiness industry. In: Zheng, C.W.; Wang, Q.; Zhan, C., and Yang, S.B. (eds.), Air-Sea Interaction and Coastal Environments of the Maritime and Polar Silk Roads. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 99, pp. 144–150. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.As China's tourism industry enters a new era of the happiness industry, tourism livelihood efficiency has become an important basis for testing the development effect of tourism. Based on the perspective of the happiness industry, this paper takes Guangdong Province as an example to evaluate tourism livelihood efficiency in coastal areas. The DEA model and Malmquist model are used to measure tourism livelihood efficiency with the spatial and temporal evolution of 21 cities in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2017. The results show that the tourism livelihood efficiency of Guangdong Province has reached a good state overall and that tourism development has entered a stage of intensive growth. The evolution of regional tourism efficiency has obvious regional characteristics, with the regional tourism efficiency of the Pearl River Delta being larger than that of eastern Guangdong, the mountainous area and western Guangdong. Based on the status of tourism livelihood efficiency over the years, cities are divided into four types: the strong type, growth type, steady type and stagnation type. Corresponding strategies are proposed based on the characteristics of different regional types.

Integration and sustainability of tourism and traditional livelihood: A rhythmanalysis

This study presents a theory of rhythmanalysis to illustrate how tourism livelihoods integrate with traditional livelihood in rhythm to achieve sustainability. Considering the case of the homes of herders in West Ujumqin Banner, China, this research involved participants’ observations, in-depth interviews during off- and peak seasons in 2018, and a visual methodology. First, this study identifies the annual rhythm of tourism and pastoralist livelihoods and the daily polyrhythms, which are the basis for synergizing livelihoods, during the peak tourism season. Second, the integration process of the two livelihoods is considered a process of arrhythmia–recuperation–eurhythmia supported by a series of time strategies to achieve rhythmic harmony. The theory of rhythmanalysis is helpful in explaining the embedding process of tourism livelihood from the household perspective; as a supplementary livelihood, tourism operation is affected by individuals’ cultural time habits, which are shaped by the traditional pastoralist livelihood. This article contributes to the theoretical concept of temporal rhythm in the tourism context and offers new avenues for time management.

Toward Socially Sustainable Tourism: The Impact of Tourism on SMEs And Livelihood Development At Tourism Destinations In Bahawalpur Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of tourism on SMEs and livelihood development at local area (tourism destination). The idea behind preparing this thesis is to study and relate to this particular scenario which is green tourism within Pakistan. Sustainable tourism should provide a better vacation experience, and for local residents to seek better tourism business opportunities. Higher quality of life is achieved through societal and cost-effective benefits. The information is based on the response of the individuals surveyed. It also includes the current and past data of tourism. To accomplish the purpose of the research, the data was acquired from the tourism related SMEs owners and managers with a sample of 250, chosen randomly of South Punjab, Pakistan The scope of the comprehensive thesis is limited to the responses of the individuals. This thesis is a modest attempt towards the conclusion that tourism research is very important because in previous years there has been a significant increase in tourism, which helps in boosting the economy. This paper is about the sustainability of tourism in which the small scale tourism related SMEs, personal improvement of SMEs owner manager, and livelihood development of local communities are the independent sub variable and the dependent variable livelihood development in the local area (tourism destination).Data analysis was conducted using a reliability test, Multicollinearity, correlation, regression, demographic and normality test. Finally, the results of this intended study revealed that there is a moderate significant of local area (tourism destination) with respect to small scale tourism related SMEs and livelihood development of local community, not significant with respect to personal improvement of SMEs owner manager. Government should try hard for the promotion and revival of tourism to increase the community development and SMEs development. Furthermore, this study recommends future researchers to focus on internal and as well as external factors of tourism and its related SMEs in Pakistan.

The limits of resilience in US community responses to recent drought events

ABSTRACT Drought threatens many facets of community life, including food security, agricultural and tourism livelihoods, recreation, esthetic appeal, and social cohesion. Many policy responses to a drought crisis are enacted at the municipal level, including voluntary water conservation, burn bans, outdoor watering restrictions, municipal water source expansion, and drought contingency plans. Though communities have many reasons to limit their vulnerability to future drought events, it is questionable whether these measures do. In a comprehensive survey of more than 450 news media reports on drought response in communities across the United States, this study defines 27 common response approaches. Results show that responses tend to be short-term emergency coping measures. Temporary water restrictions may not leave communities prepared to address future water crises. Furthermore, restrictions can create tension amongst levels of governance. Recommendations based in resilience theory suggest that collaboration, engagement, and forward-looking planning processes are necessary to address community drought vulnerability.

Are tourism livelihoods sustainable? Tourism development and economic transformation on Komodo Island, Indonesia

ABSTRACTTourism development has often been regarded as an effective strategy for poverty reduction and sustainable livelihoods. However, tourism often triggers transformations of traditional livelihoods and complete dependence on tourism-based income. Presenting the case of Komodo village on Komodo Island, Indonesia, this study provides an empirical evidence for such transformation. Based on qualitative methods, this article discusses the ways in which tourism development has led the local fishing community to give up their fishing to become fully dependent on selling souvenirs. Although currently, the souvenir business offers adequate return for local people, potential threats to this new livelihood, like a limited market, fierce competition, a short tourist season, and high dependence on cruise ship visits, are looming large. If tourism declines, local people will be left with no options to sustain their livelihood.

Tourism livelihoods in Smøla, Norway

Tourism in islands and archipelagos provides numerous advantages and disadvantages. This paper analyses a previously unpublished case study of island tourism livelihoods from the archipelago of Smola, Norway, examining the pros and cons of implemented or proposed tourism livelihoods based on a snapshot from 2008-2009. Smola’s tourism livelihoods are categorised by nature, technology focusing on the wind farm, fishing and hunting, cultural landscapes, culture, and history. As with many other island and archipelago case studies, the most suitable approach could be tourism-supplemented, rather than tourism-dependent, livelihoods with the principal challenge being finding the right scale for Smola’s tourism livelihoods. This paper does not provide a theoretical contribution, but adds a spatially and temporally focused case study to the literature.