Abstract
Five years after the implementation of the tourism precision poverty alleviation strategy, how effective it has been in alleviating poverty remains to be tested. This study, through a study of 241 farm households in 10 national tourism poverty alleviation key villages in the Qinba Mountain region of Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi, finds that rural tourism has contributed to a general increase in farm household income, but the effect of income increase varies significantly between households that have escaped poverty and non-poor households, and there is no significant difference in income between those who participate in tourism and those who do not. The study concludes that the poverty-reducing effects of tourism are conditional, with the poor quality of human capital being the main obstacle to farm households’ income growth, the institutional mechanism for tourism participation is inadequate, effective farm household tourism participation is significantly low, and non-farm work constitutes a substitute for farm households’ tourism livelihood options. The primary stage tourism scenic spots have a limited role in driving the income of farming households, and the geographical location limits the effective participation of farming households. Accordingly, the following countermeasures are proposed: (1) in terms of strategic decision-making options, establish a screening mechanism for tourism participation in poverty alleviation and implement diversified poverty governance; (2) in terms of tourism development strategies, encourage the integration of multiple industries and synergistic development, realize the two-way interaction of “+ tourism” and “tourism +”; (3) in terms of development methods, adhere to the participatory development path, improve the institutional mechanism for tourism participation, stimulate the endogenous motivation of farmers, and explore the dynamic participation path of “bottom-up”. (4) In the development of endogenous power, strengthen skills training, improve the comprehensive quality of farmers and their participation level and ability; (5) In the coordination and protection, play the coordinating and leading role of grass-roots party building, and continuously cultivate and strengthen tourism cooperative organizations.
Highlights
A great deal of literature has focused on the effects of tourism poverty alleviation, but not much has been written on the role and significance of the effectiveness of tourism on rural revitalization during the transitional period of consolidating the results of poverty eradication and implementing rural revitalization strategies
During the transitional period between consolidating the results of poverty eradication and implementing the rural revitalization strategy, it is a new question we need to think about; how rural tourism develops in the vast areas that have been lifted out of poverty through the implementation of rural tourism poverty alleviation policies, and whether their policies need to be adjusted during the rural revitalization stage
Using research data from the rural tourism poverty alleviation stage, we investigate the household income increase of 241 rural households in Hanzhong’s tourism poverty alleviation communities and analyze the household income of participating and non-participating tourism farmers, and poor and non-poor households, as well as their influencing factors; on this basis, we summarize the effectiveness of the rural tourism poverty eradication attack, and propose response measures and optimization strategies for the subsequent development of rural tourism in Hanzhong, in order to consolidate the results of the poverty eradication attack and effectively dovetail with the subsequent rural revitalization development
Summary
During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period (2016–2020), in order to promote the in-depth development of tourism precision poverty alleviation work, the Chinese government has implemented the rural tourism poverty alleviation key village project in two batches in. A great deal of literature has focused on the effects of tourism poverty alleviation, but not much has been written on the role and significance of the effectiveness of tourism on rural revitalization during the transitional period of consolidating the results of poverty eradication and implementing rural revitalization strategies. During the transitional period between consolidating the results of poverty eradication and implementing the rural revitalization strategy, it is a new question we need to think about; how rural tourism develops in the vast areas that have been lifted out of poverty through the implementation of rural tourism poverty alleviation policies, and whether their policies need to be adjusted during the rural revitalization stage. Using research data from the rural tourism poverty alleviation stage, we investigate the household income increase of 241 rural households in Hanzhong’s tourism poverty alleviation communities and analyze the household income of participating and non-participating tourism farmers, and poor and non-poor households, as well as their influencing factors; on this basis, we summarize the effectiveness of the rural tourism poverty eradication attack, and propose response measures and optimization strategies for the subsequent development of rural tourism in Hanzhong, in order to consolidate the results of the poverty eradication attack and effectively dovetail with the subsequent rural revitalization development
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