Tourism Governance Research Articles

The The Disconnect Between Governmental Tourism Strategies and Local Business Priorities

Tourism has been a crucial driver of economic growth in Kazakhstan, contributing positively to the country‘s GDP. To support this sector, the government has invested heavily in developing the tourism industry, making it a key pillar in their five-year plan. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the government’s tourism plan on Bayanaul, which is among TOP 10 priority tourists’ areas on the country’s Tourism Map. To reach the aim of the article authors examined the government’s tourism plan for Bayanaul, including its objectives and strategies, and then assessed how these align with the priorities and needs of local businesses in the area. It also explored potential consequences of any disconnect between government policies and local interests for the success and sustainability of tourism development in Bayanaul. Data was collected through interviews and surveys from various stakeholders, including government officers involved in tourism planning and implementation, business owners in Bayanaul area, and tourists who had visited the area. The results showed that different stakeholders had varying opinions on the implementation and impact of tourism development in the Bayanaul area, which indicated a lack of communication among different stakeholders during the implementation of the government plan.

Enhancing regional tourism governance in Nigeria: a case study of the Southeastern region

Enhancing regional tourism governance in Nigeria: a case study of the Southeastern region

Enhancing regional tourism governance in Nigeria: a case study of the Southeastern region

Enhancing regional tourism governance in Nigeria: a case study of the Southeastern region

Post-Pandemic Business Recovery Experiences of Samal Island Beach Resorts Owners: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry

The tourism industry globally was primarily affected by the covid-19 pandemic travel restrictions due to the suspension of tourism activities including the tourism of small islands like the Island Garden City of Samal. The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of the experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights of the resort owners, managers, and local government tourism workers. This is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach to understand the recovery experiences of island beach resorts. There were six purposively chosen owners and managers of beach resorts in Samal underwent in-depth interviews, while six participants took part in a focus group discussion. Thematic analysis was applied to the gathered information. The study found that the resorts were able to re-operate gradually and business continuity was manifested. The most relevant theme presented was Tourism business renovation. Participants seized the pandemic as an opportunity to upgrade resort facilities, enhance amenities, and improve service quality, providing job stability for employees through construction projects.

Resilience of the Tourism Sector during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Refocusing activities and reallocating the budget are the government’s strategies that make an impact on the tourism industry during the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the income from dividends and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the tourism sector has decreased due to the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar/PSBB), Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat/PPKM), and travel restriction rules around the globe that have substantially reduced the number of visitors. Considering these challenges, in order to maintain the resilience of the tourist industry, a strategy is required, with limited income and government assistance. This research was conducted to examine the effects of refocusing activities and reallocating budgets of the tourism sector, as well as the resilience of the tourism sector on refocusing activities and reallocation budgets. This research belongs to an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study. This study applies Miles and Huberman's theory for analyzing the data, which includes: 1) data reduction; 2) data display, and 3) conclusion drawing or verification. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FGDs were divided into two sections: 1) FGD with informants from the zoo and recreational park and 2) FGD with informants from government tourism offices. By refocusing activities and reallocating budgets, the tourism industry has shifted to the digital promotion and continues to raise awareness about tourism in various ways. When the tourism industry is making an effort to improve its resilience, there is a risk that some of the employees are laid off to ensure that the industry continues to be viable during the pandemic.

MANAGEMENT OF INDIGENOUS RESOURCES FOR PROMOTION OF INDIGENOUS TOURISM: A STUDY OF SELECTED TRIBAL DISTRICTS OF MADHYA PRADESH

This research article aims to explore indigenous tourism and people, which is a hidden tourist treasure that can be showcased to the outer world for future research gaps. This study is an attempt to reflect the problems, concepts, scope, Government tourism policies, objectives, hypothesis research design, and limitations in the first chapter, followed by an extensive review of the literature to understand the impacts of indigenous tourism on indigenous community, perspectives of the indigenous community of promotion of indigenous tourism, management of indigenous resources, and tourist demands. Data was collected from the tourist respondents who are the direct beneficiaries of indigenous tourism at Balaghat, Mandla, and Dindori districts. In this backdrop, the study aims to portray the trend of results for making Indigenous tourism a viable business option by branding and positioning the study area in the international tourist map. Two questionnaires, one for tourists and another for the indigenous community, were made. The analysis of tourist data is in three parts. The first part is related to the demographic profile of tourists. The second part includes travel-related information, and the third part includes tourist activity. The analysis of community data is in three parts. The first part is related to the demographic profile of the community. The second part includes the impact of indigenous tourism on the community, and the third part includes perspectives of indigenous communities on indigenous tourism promotion. The findings reflect the socio-demographic profile of the members of the community. The tourist questionnaire yielded valuable insights with respect to travel information, preferences and behaviour, as well as activities undertaken by the tourists. The underlying factors influencing the impact of tourism on the community were found to be 1) Creation of Human Resources, 2) Social Incapacity, 3) Conservation Focus, 4) Community Awareness and Participation, 5) Promotion of Local Products, and 6) Infrastructure Improvement. Suggestions have been put forward in connection to developing a better understanding of the target customer, and the tourist market in general; recreation and accommodation options; further research, promotion programs, branding; and greater focus in the making of tourism policy.

Branding the Capital City through Multi-Perspective Approach: The Case of ‘Enjoy Jakarta’ Campaign

Place branding has become a powerful tool for promoting cities and regions. Unfortunately, many urban managers have been preoccupied with creating slogans and logos in implementing place branding. This has eventually limited the contribution of place branding towards tourism development, for which most place branding is targeted. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the successfulness of city branding programs in promoting tourism. This study applies qualitative methods by employing a series of in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders comprising the government, private sector, destination management staff, tourism associations, academics, and the public. Using Enjoy Jakarta's branding campaign, this study found seven contributing factors that may impact the implementation of the campaign. Leadership, stakeholder collaboration, public management and departmental coordination are classified as tourism governance. On the other hand, attraction, accessibility and promotion are classified as tourism components. The study found that the governance factor is the most influential in the success of city branding programs. Tourism governance determines how tourism components may be implemented to achieve the goal of city branding.

Green Zone Tourism Promotion Strategy of the Bali Government Tourism Office in 2021

Indonesia is a country that has a variety of natural charms that everyone can enjoy in the tourism sector. However, the pandemic caused by Covid-19 so far has not subsided, which of course, most people in Bali who depend on the tourism sector lose their jobs and even do not get a livelihood for their living needs. From that, The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia appointed Bali Province as one of the provinces implementing the green zone program to support the recovery of the tourism economy. Implementing the tourism recovery plan in the province of Bali is carried out in stages. The government has designated three areas in Bali as green zones: Ubud, Sanur, and Nusa Dua. It is essential to see the strategy of the Bali Government Tourism Office in promoting the green zone as an effort for tourism recovery. This study aims to identify and describe the marketing communication strategy of the Bali Government Tourism Office in introducing a green zone as an effort for tourism recovery in 2021. This research will offer new wealth in the research related to marketing communication strategies that focus on the green zone sector in Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to examine green zone efforts for tourism recovery based on the marketing communication strategy concept. Findings revealed that the Bali Government Tourism Office adopted at least more than one of the tourism destination marketing communication mixes to promote green zone as an effort for tourism recovery in 2021. In addition, the Bali Government Tourism Office was also considering the pentahelix stakeholder model, where the five stakeholders in the model are invited to discuss how to make the program successful.

Analysis of the relationship between the establishment of Community Based-Tourism and multidimensional poverty reduction in rural households

The aim of this document is to analyze the relationship between the implementation of Community Based Tourism –CBT– and the reduction of multidimensional poverty in rural households in Mexico, from 2010 to 2018. For this, a multinomial logit model is used. The data were obtained from databases of poverty of the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy –CONEVAL–, and from databases of the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey –ENIGH–. The results reveal that the CBT is a model of tourism governance that contributes to decrease multidimensional poverty in rural households in Mexico, emphasizing that the greatest effect is shown on extreme poverty situations. Advancing from a condition of extreme poverty to one of moderate poverty constitutes a titanic change, not only because people can increase their ability to satisfy their basic food needs and their well-being, but also because their conditions of vulnerability are reduced.

Measurement and Analysis of Tourism Website User Experience Using Usability Techniques

A tourist destination is a geographical area within one or more administrative areas in which there are tourist attractions, public facilities, tourism facilities, accessibility, and communities that are interrelated and complement the realization of tourism. A website is a form of communication media that can provide certain information, which can be accessed by many people anytime and anywhere. The Regional Government (pemda) of Pekanbaru City has provided tourism information services in the form of tourist destinations and tourism activities on the website. Based on the results of preliminary observations made on the tourism website of the Pekanbaru City government, it was found that the tourism information provided was not up to date, and there were still many tourist objects in Pekanbaru that had not been published, so the information delivery process was not optimal and ineffective. The effectiveness of using the website must pay attention to usability of its use. Usability is a quality level of a system that is easy to learn, easy to use, and encourages users to use the system as a tool in completing tasks. Usability can be measured based on the quality of the user experience when interacting with the system operated by the user himself. Usability measurement on this tourism website is carried out using the System Usability Scale (SUS) measurement tool. Based on the measurement results using SUS, a score of 65.87 was obtained, where 10 of the statement items were declared valid and reliable. The score obtained shows that in terms of user satisfaction, it is stated to be included in the Marginal High category, predicate D with the adjective range Ok. This shows that the user's subjective assessment illustrates that the Pekanbaru City government's tourism website is less effective, efficient, and satisfying for users.

A Tourist’s Gaze on Local Tourism Governance: The Relationship among Local Tourism Governance and Brand Equity, Tourism Attachment for Sustainable Tourism

Taking note of the role played by local tourism governance as viewed from the tourist’s gaze, this study examined the effects of local tourism governance on the awareness of local tourism brand equity and local tourism attachment as perceived by tourists. This study also attempted to identify the role and importance of externally-expressed local tourism governance. In total, 439 samples were collected from tourists who had recently experienced local tourism in South Korea; these samples were analyzed using SPSS. The implications derived from the results of the analysis are as follows. First, regarding the effects that the operation of local tourism governance have on brand equity, it was identified that the factors of partnership and institutionalization had significant positive effects on both brand images and brand awareness, where the effect of partnership was the strongest, and where participation only had a significant positive effect on the brand images. Second, regarding the relationship between the operation of local tourism governance and brand equity, it was found that, from the viewpoint of tourists, the governance support system negatively affects brand equity. Lastly, as has been shown in previous studies, both brand images and brand awareness—which are two core sub-factors of local tourism-brand equity—had significant effects on local tourism attachment; of them, brand awareness played a stronger role in the formation of local tourism attachment. Future studies should examine the functional role of local tourism governance based on field investigations at multiple destinations, checking the actual effects of local tourism governance while focusing on the associations between the role of local tourism governance and actually measurable indicators, such as revitalization of the local industrial economy, increases in income, performance in terms of attracting tourists, and improved satisfaction with local tourism.

COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE DALAM PENGEMBANGAN OBJEK WISATA DI RUPAT UTARA KABUPATEN BENGKALIS

This paper discusses the collaborative governance tourism strategy in developing tourist objects in North Rupat. Potential tourism objects in North Rupat are marine tourism, historical tourism, cultural tourism and nature tourism. In its implementation there are problems such as abrasion, garbage, and accessibility. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. The research location was conducted in North Rupat. Data collection techniques by observation and in-depth interviews. The data analysis technique uses the opinion of Miles Huberman and Saldana (2014) through stages; data compaction, data presentation (data display), and drawing conclusions or verification (conclusion drawing and verification). The results of this study are that there is tourism potential in every village in North Rupat Subdistrict. The implementation of collaborative governance tourism is Principled Engagement, Shared Motivation, Capacity for Joint Action. Obstacles in implementing collaborative governance tourism are limited human resources, tourism development coordination is implemented simultaneously.

How Effective Is a Buddhist Pilgrimage Circuit as a Product and Strategy for Heritage Tourism in India?

Buddhist heritage in India is receiving reasonable attention for tourism development with a particular emphasis on promoting Buddhist circuits. One Buddhist pilgrimage circuit covering eight locations including four most sacred places, namely, Bodhgaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar, and Lumbini, is popular for spiritual and religious reasons. Fieldwork conducted in these four sites reveals complex patterns of visitation that question the idea of a circuit as a tourism product. The primary circuit-goers are foreign Buddhist followers, but the magnitude of their visitation is very low. They constitute less than 10 percent of visitors and are far outnumbered by domestic visitors. Domestic visitors driven by recreational purposes hardly complete the entire circuit; their visits are directed to two popular sites while other sites are used as “middle-of-the-trip centers” or places for daytrips. The interviews with various stakeholders including religious institutions, private tour operators, and relevant government agencies, show that the itineraries of circuit-goers depend on several factors including the convenience of travel, accommodation facilities, the ability to perform pilgrimage rituals, and institutional governance for tourism. This paper argues that Buddhist pilgrimage circuits operate more as a cultural landscape at a cognitive level rather than as a distinct physical route and a product that can be effectively translated into as strategy for tourism development in Buddhist sites.

Sustainability and Tourist Activities in Protected Natural Areas: The Case of Three Natural Parks of Andalusia (Spain)

As a form of protection, a nature park is often created to protect and valorise natural and cultural heritage in peripheral rural areas. However, in terms of multifunctionality, new nature parks incorporate traditional productive activities, such as recreational and tourist activities, which sometimes compromise sustainability. The research objective is to study the relationship between tourism and sustainability in the nature parks of Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche, Sierra Norte de Sevilla and Sierra de Hornachuelos that make up the Dehesas de Sierra Morena Biosphere Reserve in Andalusia, Spain. Therefore, selective interviews have been carried out with the stakeholders to establish their perception of sustainable tourism and the presence of dominant discourses. The main conclusions indicate: (1) the presence of different dominant discourses on sustainability, namely the conservationist and mercantilist ones, with the prevalence of the economic dimension; (2) poor awareness and adaptation to the context of global change; and (3) the presence of competitive relationships that generate difficulties for the governance of sustainable tourism.

Muslim-Friendly Tourism Towards Good Tourism Governance

The oftenly issue that found in Toba Lake is the lack of facilities to support both foreign and domestic tourists. This convenience is related to culinary (food) availability in places of worship and hotels based on national standards. Since the majority visitors who come to Toba Lake are Muslims; thus it is very important to have a friendly-based tourism policy through good governance to create a superior tourist destination. This study aimed to determine the concept of policies to realize Muslim-friendly tourism toward Good Tourism Governance in Toba Lake area. The method in this study is a survey method with qualitative analysis. It showed the increasing of tourism standardization related to the tourists needs, especially for Muslim. It is concluded that tourism development oriented to GTG must have policies as directions and actions to realize the goals to be achieved; including Muslim-friendly tourism.

Re-thinking Governance in Tourism: Harnessing Tourism’s post-COVID-19 Economic Potential

ABSTRACT Prior to the coronavirus pandemic, tourism stakeholders were actively addressing sustainability, environmental conservation, and local community involvement challenges. Learning from the pandemic, tourism planning and development anchored not only on sustainability but also on safety, resilience, and risk reduction considerations. While success in developing sustainable destinations is an outcome of efficient and effective governance, tourism governance requires cooperation and interaction among its value-chain members through engagement strategies. Using the principles of sustainability, stakeholder participation, and safe travels, we redesigned existing frameworks to explain how tourism stakeholders can enhance destination governance by repositioning governance from the destination to the value chain. We propose a synchronized value chain arising from stakeholder collaboration to reinforce visitor’s confidence toward travel thereby creating a sustainable, safe, and resilient post-pandemic tourism industry.

Tourism community farmers’ livelihood adaptability response in the process of rural revitalization —— A two-way coupling model based on ecological service dependence and livelihood well-being

The sustainable development of “industry-ecology-well-being” is a strategic goal of rural revitalization. This study selects 10 typical tourist village communities in China as research sites. Based on the adaptability theory of social-economic-natural ecosystems, this study constructs a coupling model of the “ecological dependence-livelihood well-being” of farmers' in terms of adaptability and identifies the mechanism underlying farmers' adaptability to rural tourism disturbance in the context a microsituation by way of a multinominal logistics model. The results found that are as follows. (1) Rural tourism development enhances farmers’ livelihood adaptability, and “high ecological dependence-high livelihood well-being” has become the optimal response to tourism disturbance. (2) Changes in the human-land relationship constitute a fundamental factor in the adaptability responses of farmers to tourism disturbance, and government tourism support institutions are an important external driving force. This study provides useful decision-making support and policy suggestions for identifying the model of dynamic adaptation and impact mechanism of farmers in the context of tourism disturbance, thereby promoting the development of tourism, the consolidation and expansion of the key achievements of poverty alleviation and comprehensive rural revitalization.

A study on the Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development of Rural Area Baramula District of Jammu and Kashmir

To understand the economic impact of tourism in the J&K state, present paper tries to examine various parameters of economic development such as tourist inflow, employment generation, State Gross Domestic Product, development of infrastructure and regional development.Methods/Statistical analysis: The study is based on secondary data. Data has been collected from various sources like Ministry of Tourism Government of India, Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Development Corporation and Directorate of Tourism, Annual Economic survey of J&K, United Nations World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council and other published research papers and official reports.Findings: We found apart from agriculture sector, tourism sector is the most popular source of income and employment generation for the J&K state economy. The Year 2011 has made history in terms of surpassing all previous records of tourists and pilgrim arrivals in the state. Our analysis shows that except in 2008-09 when there was greater political instability in the state, the revenue earned from Director Tourism Kashmir/Jammu has shown a continuous increasing trend and has increased around three fold from 2006-07 (Rs. 32.25 Lakh) to 2011-12 (Rs 93.3 lakh). Further the analysis of our data shows that there is a positive impact of tourist inflow on employment i.e. with the increase in tourist inflow, total employment also rises.

Yogyakarta Tourism Office's Strategy in Economic Recovery of the Tourism Sector During the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to explain the strategy of the Yogyakarta Tourism Office in the economic recovery of the tourism sector during the Covid-19 period. So far, tourism has become the fourth largest sector that contributes to the country's foreign exchange after palm oil (CPO), oil and gas and mining (coal). The world of tourism has been hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. Since the Covid-19 outbreak, all sectors have experienced a drastic decline, including the tourism sector, which has been in the second position as Indonesia's second largest foreign exchange contributor. This pandemic condition is forcing tourists to cancel their travel plans to Indonesia, one of which is the city of Yogyakarta. Based on statistics, Yogyakarta has the title of the tourism city most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In just over a year, the tourism industry in the city of Yogyakarta suffered losses of up to Rp. 10 trillion. This is because Yogyakarta is the second most popular tourist destination in Indonesia after Bali. It is undeniable that Yogyakarta tourism has a great influence on the community's economy. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research. The findings of this study are the Yogyakarta’s Government Tourism Office (Dinpar) in its efforts to restore the tourism sector economy through the implementation of the Covid-19 protocol; new normal policy; implementation of CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environment Sustainability); restoration of MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions, exhibitions); domestic tourism; and events gradually; revitalization of the agrarian sector through the development of agribusiness.

Community Empowerment in Nigeria’s Tourism Industry: An Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perceptions

ABSTRACT This paper explores community empowerment in tourism development in Nigeria through an analysis of the perceptions of key stakeholders. Community empowerment is essential to ensure local community members benefit from tourism development. The study uses a qualitative approach to evaluate the degree of local community participation and empowerment in tourism in South-West Nigeria. Findings suggest that when community members have a sense of their political agency, they feel empowered psychologically. Community empowerment was found to be experienced differently by different stakeholders within the communities—some were more positive than others. The variability of experience suggests the potential for some cross—institutional/project learning. Local Government Tourism Committees (LGTCs) can facilitate empowerment at the community level—should be supported, and their role cultivated, to address the dearth of meaningful community empowerment. This in turn will require Nigerian governance structures to be willing to devolve a degree of power and authority over decisions to these bodies and the communities they serve.