Tourism Governance Research Articles

Bottom-up heritage conservation, tourists' demand and homestays as purveyors of cultural authenticity

ABSTRACT The longstanding dominance of authorized heritage discourse in top-down heritage conservation has overlooked the involvement of stakeholders outside positions of authority, leading to various practical challenges. Homestays as spaces rooted in local culture have gained popularity at cultural heritage sites in China. It presents a unique opportunity to explore heritage conservation by engaging tourists and local residents. This study focuses on homestays in the National Fishing Cultural Heritage Area in Xiangshan, China. The findings, derived from a sample of 282 surveys, reveal a significant positive impact of both tourists’ perceptions of objective authenticity and the effects of existential authenticity of homestays on their satisfaction and loyalty. Homestay hosts who respond to tourists’ needs by providing tangible and intangible authenticities related to local fishing traditions embrace a natural and voluntary approach to heritage conservation, sidestepping the need for top-down mandatory responsibility. This novel approach has given rise to a heritage conservation model that addresses the contemporary challenges of authoritative heritage governance in tourism, providing insights for the critical heritage paradigm and the sustainable management of tourism destinations.

Community-based Tourism Governance towards Sustainable Development in the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam: A Case Study of Hoa Binh Province

Community-based Tourism (CBT) stands as a pivotal approach for sustainable tourism and poverty alleviation in marginalized Northern Vietnamese rural communities. In Hoa Binh province, a region rich in ethnic diversity engaged in CBT, a research gap exists concerning CBT governance. This study addresses this gap by exploring how CBT governance is organized in five villages of Mai Chau and Da Bac district, Hoa Binh province, by identifying relevant actors, institutions, and resources, and how it addresses the challenge of sustainable (tourism) development. To this end, a combination of semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and observation were used. The results showed the complexity of CBT governance in Hoa Binh, and the many different manifestations of CBT in the different villages. The paper also analyzed factors that explain these differences, such as the historical or ethnic composition of the local community, biophysical conditions, community rules, and attributes of external factors. It also presents the complexity of the relationship between the development of CBT and sustainable development challenges.

DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS COM DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL ASSIMÉTRICO: OS “CENTROS TURÍSTICOS PLANEJADOS INTEGRALMENTE” DE LOS CABOS E LORETO, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR (MÉXICO)

Objective: This paper examines the effects of tourism on local development in two IPCs, Los Cabos and Loreto, located in the state of Baja California Sur (BCS), in northwestern Mexico. Theoretical Framework: The Integrally Planned Centers (IPC) are tourism development poles established in Mexico during the 1960s and 1970s to promote economic growth in peripheral coastal regions (then) underdeveloped but rich in natural resources and landscapes. Method: An analytical-descriptive methodology is used, specifically the analysis of principal components, which allows contextualizing the evolution of tourism and development trajectories. Results and Discussion: The results indicate the presence of asymmetric development trajectories, despite the fact that both regions started from the same development initiative, with FONATUR (the Mexican government's tourism board) in charge in both cases. Forty years after its creation, the government's tourism policy yields differentiated results. Los Cabos has become a world-renowned destination, associated with sport fishing, golf, and residential tourism. In contrast, the Loreto-Nopoló-Puerto Escondido tourist corridor has stagnated and is still waiting for its take-off towards sustained development. Research implications: The IPCs of Los Cabos and Loreto, Mexico, are the result of a public tourism policy based on an exogenous development model, fundamentally oriented to "sun and beach" tourism, where economic variables are prioritized, to the detriment of social and environmental variables, which are important elements of sustainable tourism. A markedly uneven growth process is observed between the two IPCs, Los Cabos points out, which, to date, is successful in macroeconomic variables, while in terms of development it is very limited and lower than planned. Originality/Value: In the research, inferential statistical methods are applied, through the analysis of Principal Components, from which the impact of public tourism policies on regional development is measured. This instrument is applied to two tourist destinations that show an asymmetrical development, one of which was constituted as the second international tourist destination in Mexico.

Tourist satisfaction toward halal tourism: the role of tourism governance and branding

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of halal tourism governance on halal tourist satisfaction by using halal tourism branding as a mediating role to increase tourist satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachData is obtained through a questionnaire completed by 400 tourists who have traveled to visit halal tourism destinations on Madurese Island. The collected research data is tested by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe study revealed that halal tourism governance has positive and significant impact on halal tourist satisfaction and halal tourism branding. The study also revealed that halal tourism branding has no positive and significant impact on halal tourist satisfaction because the community thinks that halal tourism branding is common and commonplace.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is on an Island-specific halal tourism destination, which means that the findings cannot be generalized to other geographical areas which have diverse cultures.Practical implicationsThe study provides insight into halal tourism and destination governance, which is important for marketers, the Ministry of Tourism and local tourism officials to support halal tourism.Originality/valueThis paper fills a gap by presenting the first comprehensive overview of halal tourism governance that enhances ongoing discussions in the halal tourism field.

Stakeholder collaboration in tourism governance in Ghana

This paper analyses stakeholder collaboration in tourism governance in Ghana. It further examines the forms and rationale of stakeholder collaboration and the extent of stakeholder collaborations. The paper deployed the qualitative approach in research, descriptive research design and purposively selected 14 participants from public and private sector tourism organisations and local communities in Ghana’s tourism industry. These participants were selected based on their knowledge and experience in the tourism industry. The data was collected using in-depth interviews (IDI). The responses of participants were analysed inductively and deductively. Two key findings emerged from the study. First, it was found that there is a discernible line of authority where authority comes from the top management in the sector. Secondly, collaboration in the tourism sector is not well established.

Competitiveness, sustainability, and development in tourism: a relationship analysis for the case of Spanish regions

ABSTRACT The growth and governance of tourism depend on the crucial aspects of competitiveness, sustainability, and development, which have garnered significant research interest. Traditionally studied separately, the interplay of these concepts is now explored collectively in an interesting debate on the ability to ensure the sustainability of an activity that is clearly expanding. This study seeks to explore the coherence or contradictions between these three elements, questioning whether sustainability could constrain competitiveness and tourism development. Focusing on Spanish regions, the findings suggest a general congruence between competitiveness, sustainability, and development, albeit with varying degrees of association between them.

Local Leaders’ Promotion Pressure and Tourism Development: Evidence From China

The growing importance of tourism management within local governance highlights the imperative role of local leaders’ involvement. However, the understudied influence of promotion pressure, a key determinant of their behavior, remains largely unexplored. This study employs a novel institutional economics approach to investigate the impact of local leaders’ promotion pressure on tourism development in China. We analyze data from 334 prefecture-level cities spanning 1999 to 2019. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between promotion pressure and tourism development. Notably, this effect is amplified in economically advanced cities and those with a lower dependence on tourism. Further analysis using an instrumental variable-based mediation model suggests that promotion pressure shapes tourism development by influencing the structure of local government fiscal expenditure. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between political incentives, fiscal policy, and the evolution of the tourism industry, offering valuable insights for crafting effective tourism governance strategies.

Exploration Of Subjective Norms Of Tourists In The Application Of Planned Behavior Theory To Predict The Intention To Visit Tourist Objects In Indonesia

This research aims to explore a deeper understanding of the factors that influence tourists' intentions to visit tourist attractions in Indonesia using the Planned Behavior Theory (TPB) approach. This research focuses on exploring tourists' subjective norms, which is one of the main components in the TPB, along with attitudes and behavioural control. The research method involves an online survey targeting a sample of tourists who have visited or intend to visit tourist attractions in Indonesia. The research instrument consists of structured questions designed to measure critical variables in the TPB, with particular emphasis on subjective norms. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to identify relationships between key variables. The research findings are expected to significantly contribute to understanding the factors that influence tourists' visiting intentions, as well as their implications for developing marketing strategies and managing tourist attractions in Indonesia. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a reference for tourism industry stakeholders, government and researchers in consumer behaviour and tourism to improve the management and development of tourist attractions in Indonesia to increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations globally.

The socio-ecological impacts of tourism development in the Western Ghats: the case of Wayanad, India

Globally, tourism is advocated as a development tool with the potential to uplift socioeconomic conditions for marginalized populations and contribute to biodiversity conservation. The expectation is that the tourism model of development can bring about positive social changes in diverse communities by broadening livelihood opportunities and concurrently preserving crucial ecosystems, which are regarded as valuable assets in the tourism sector. We investigated Wayanad in the Western Ghats of India, challenging the notion of “tourism for development.” We examined the socio-ecological features of the region, the evolution of tourism and sustainable tourism, and the implications across various sectors. The research employed an empirical approach grounded in the critical examination of socio-ecological systems for tourism governance and sustainability. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews conducted in Wayanad and a review of the relevant literature. The results reveal that despite the prevalent and persuasive arguments favoring tourism, there are extensive multi-sectoral implications in tourism development that negatively affect both the environment and people at large. These impacts include the erosion of agrobiodiversity-linked traditional Adivasi lifestyles, the displacement of local communities, the encroachment of tourism projects into forests and increased human–animal conflicts, the absence of social security measures for marginalized communities, a decline in traditional livelihood options, and an overreliance on the tourism industry and the private sector. These discernible impacts have pushed the fragile region further into a socio-ecological imbalance. Tourism development in ecologically delicate areas should take into account socio-ecological impacts because a region's culture and nature are key components of its attractiveness as a tourist destination. Large-scale landscape planning should involve the perspectives of various stakeholders, including both direct and indirect participants who could be influenced by tourism. The marginalization of Adivasi communities that maintain the region's ecological integrity is unproductive for both the economic and regional development interests of tourism.

Vietnam tourism at the crossroads of socialism and market economy

ObjetivoVietnam ha pasado de ser un país devastado por la guerra a convertirse en un popular destino turístico. Aunque la investigación sobre el turismo en Vietnam ha crecido en número, ha faltado en gran medida un macroanálisis de la gobernanza y las políticas turísticas nacionales. Nuestra investigación ha enriquecido la literatura tanto de la economía política como del turismo tendiendo un puente entre ambas disciplinas al presentar las pautas de la gobernanza del turismo en la economía de transición de Vietnam.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueEste documento de síntesis ofrece un análisis sistemático del turismo de Vietnam que abarca la intensificación de la intervención gubernamental y los drásticos cambios del mercado en las últimas décadas. Los autores ofrecen un análisis cronológico del desarrollo del turismo junto con los principales giros políticos y económicos del país. Además, el análisis del contenido de los documentos políticos y el análisis del mercado turístico ilustran mejor las repercusiones de los sistemas político-económicos en la gobernanza y las políticas turísticas.ResultadosLas políticas turísticas y el análisis del mercado revelan un compromiso entre la centralización y la descentralización del sistema de gobernanza y un compromiso entre los objetivos económicos y sociales del desarrollo. Al equilibrar estos opuestos, la fuerza interna del mercado nacional y la resistencia de las comunidades y las empresas se convierten en activos clave para el crecimiento en unas circunstancias en las que la economía de mercado socialista sigue informando el desarrollo actual y futuro de la industria. Concluimos que la adaptación del turismo vietnamita a una economía socialista orientada al mercado se percibe mejor como un logro de la evolución social que como una característica del capitalismo.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaciónDentro del limitado abanico de cuestiones que podrían abordarse en un solo artículo, los autores no pueden establecer un estudio comparativo con China, en lo que respecta a la economía de transición. Nuestro estudio ofrece un punto de partida para futuras investigaciones empíricas y comparativas sobre la conexión entre turismo y economía política en Asia.Implicaciones prácticasLas conclusiones del estudio sirven de referencia útil para quienes se embarcan en el estudio de la gobernanza y la formulación de políticas turísticas en los países en desarrollo.Implicaciones socialesLos resultados de la investigación son valiosos para los investigadores del sudeste asiático en particular y para los analistas de la política turística del mundo en desarrollo en general.Originalidad/valorLa presente investigación contribuye a un área poco investigada de la economía política, a saber, la doctrina marxista y su diálogo con el turismo. La transferencia de conocimientos es un aspecto destacado de esta investigación, que se ha derivado de un análisis crítico de la gobernanza del turismo en la agenda económica política nacional.

Navigating digital tourism governance: a case study of branding strategies in the Mandalika special economic zones

The purpose of this research is to analyze how digital Tourism on Branding the Mandalika Special Region in West Nusa Tenggara; this investigation uses a descriptive methodology combined with a qualitative approach, as well as previously published literature and online news sources as well as secondary data obtained from related agencies. Most importantly, take advantage of the Nvivo 12 plus program to analyze the data results. The findings of this study indicate that the use of information and communication technology to promote Special Economic Zones through digital tourism, utilizing platforms such as websites, YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, and the West Nusa Tenggara Tourism Office website, is a viable strategy for increasing tourism. Indonesian tourism industry. ITDC and National Council of Special Economic Zones websites. Government Regulation Number 52 of 2014 identifies two main focus topics, namely tourism areas and special economic areas, and prioritizes several initiatives. Development management in accordance with statutory regulations. PP Number 40 of 2021 discusses three important things: human resources and infrastructure, two facilities, and SEZ convenience for three commercial organizations. The finding of human resources and infrastructure is considered to be the main driver for branding the Mandalika Special Economic Zone in this policy.

The Role of Government Assistance in Zhanjiang Holistic Tourism Branding

In recent years, the concept of holistic tourism has emerged in China, providing a new perspective and direction for the development of the tourism industry. Government tourism assistance has been shown in research to impact public attitudes toward the tourism sector to some extent. This is particularly prevalent in China, where decision-making is made from the top down. As a result, the purpose of this study was to look at the role of government support in Zhanjiang tourist integrated marketing communication strategy in the context of holistic tourism development. The UTAUT and AIDA models are combined in this work, along with interaction and diversity expectations as independent variables and government assistance as a moderator. The researchers conducted descriptive and inferential analyses after distributing online surveys to 388 Zhanjiang residents. It is found that the major hindrances to Zhanjiang tourism's popularity have been identified as lacking promotion and construction. Furthermore, the results reveal that the audience appreciates receiving tourism information through mainstream media, and their adoption of integrated marketing communication is linked to performance expectation, effort expectation, social impact, interaction expectation, and diversity expectation. Additionally, government assistance is critical in creating Zhanjiang's holistic tourism brand and moderating the relationship between the adoption of integrated marketing interaction and diversity expectations. Overall, the paper states that the government should undertake comprehensive tourism as a key project in the region, supporting the reform of its overall structure and mechanism, and encouraging the participation of all main departments and society.

Exploring the Use of Youtube as a Marketing Tool for Tourism Sector with Special Reference to Western Regions of India

Tourism and Hospitality, constituting one of India's largest service industries, hold significant sway in propelling the nation's growth and prosperity. As per WTTC data, the industry's contribution to the GDP has steadily risen, projecting around INR 16.5 trillion by 2023. Marketing stands out as a paramount management activity within the tourism realm, given the perishable and intangible nature of its products. The advent of digital marketing gained traction alongside the widespread adoption of the internet in the 1990s. Yet, one of the primary hurdles faced by digital marketers is distinguishing themselves in a landscape inundated with digital ads and various distractions. Online videos have long been capturing the attention of audiences, wielding substantial influence in the digital realm. YouTube Marketing emerges as the strategy for promoting businesses through videos and ads on the platform. With YouTube ranking as the world's second most popular website, boasting a vast and diverse audience, it presents significant opportunities for promotional endeavours. The present study tries to explore the use of YouTube as a marketing tool for tourism by the Government Tourism Development Corporations with special reference to Western regions of India.

Peran Masyarakat Lokal dalam Pengelolaan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam Arung Jeram Papulangi Kabupaten Gorontalo Uatar

Currently tourism activities in Indonesia are experiencing rapid development, this can be seen from the various regions in Indonesia developing tourist destinations in their respective regions. In Law Number 10 of 2009 which states that the existence of tourist attractions in an area will be very profitable, including improving people's standard of living, expanding employment opportunities, increasing Regional Original Income (PAD), then increasing love for the environment and preserving nature and local culture. The existence of the tourism sector in a region can have both positive and negative impacts. However, basically it depends on the management and management of tourism played by all stakeholders from government, private sector and community elements in the area. Achieving the goals and mission of good, sustainable and environmentally friendly tourism development will be possible if the achievement process can be carried out through good tourism governance. (good tourism governance). The principle of implementing good tourism governance is the coordination and synchronization of programs between existing stakeholders and the involvement of synergistic (integrated and mutually reinforcing) active participation between the government, private sector or tourism industry and the relevant local communities.

Penguatan Tata Kelola Desa Wisata Melalui Pemberdayaan Kelompok Sadar Wisata (POKDARWIS) Tolokan Telomoyo Kabupaten Semarang

Tolokan Village, which is located at the foot of Mount Telomoyo, has advantages in its natural potential. The natural potential found in the village includes the agricultural sector which has an impact on tourism. Tolokan Village is pioneering a tourism village initiated by the Tourism Awareness Group (POKDARWIS) but its role in tourism awareness has not been optimal so that community participation is still low in exploring the potential of the tourism village. The natural potential of Tolokan Village has not been managed in a structured manner due to the lack of understanding and provision of its management. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the process of strengthening tourism village governance with the Tolokan Telomoyo Tourism Awareness Group (POKDARWIS) in collaboration with the Association of Hospitality Management Students of Universitas Dian Nuswantoro. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative by conducting participatory training, discussion, packaging tour, and field practice carried out to empower village community in fostering governance Tourism Awareness group. In doing so, it can realize Sapta Pesona as a support in pioneering tourism villages. The result of this village community service is product of a set of tour packages, a tour guide group, a roadmap for developing a tourism village for the next 3 years so that the potential of Tolokan village can be explored and provide added value to local residents, the formation of synergy between Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, the Tolokan Tourism Awareness Group (POKDARWIS), the Tolokan Women Farmers Group (KWT), and villagers in preparing a structured tourism village pilot.

Tourism Village Policy-based Local Wisdom in Developing Tourism Potential in the Pusuk Buhit Area, Samosir Regency

The Pusuk Buhit area has historical value for the development of Lake Toba tourism, especially Samosir as the birthplace of the Batak tribe. The historical and cultural potential are the main reasons for developing a tourism village based on local wisdom through good tourism governance. Cultural preservation is an advantage in developing tourism villages based on local wisdom in the Pusuk Buhit area, so special regulations are needed on the development of tourism villages based on local wisdom in Samosir Regency as well as collaboration with various parties for good tourism governance. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach, which aims to identify and classify the tourism potential of the Pusuk Buhit area which is included in the category of tourist village so that it can easily be developed. The results of the study show that integrated collaboration and tourism policy are the main priorities that must be implemented in tourism governance in the development of tourism villages based on local wisdom and also as one of the strengthening factor in increasing regional income in the tourism sector.
 Keywords: tourism policy, local wisdom, governance

Towards a Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Tourism Governance: A literature review

Proactive, inclusive, and ethical tourism requires good governance and is a crucial component of sustainable tourism development. This paper addresses this literature vacuum and provides a sustainable tourism governance paradigm. The PRISMA method is applied to choosing a suitable paper for the literature review. Taylor & Francis, Sage Publication, Science Direct, and Google Scholar provide four literature selections. The study proposes sustainable tourist governance improvements. The framework has three layers: destination management, stakeholder interaction, and adaptability to pressure and changes. This study advances sustainable tourism governance initiative research.

Does sustainability matter at tourism sites? Impact of motivation and employee-ambidexterity on employee-innovative-behaviour

Purpose: The sustainability of tourism sites in plateau states has been a significant concern. This study aims to analyze the impact of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) and employee ambidexterity on innovative employee behavior on the sustainability of tourism sites in Nigeria. Research Methodology: A quantitative approach was adopted and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among employees of five government tourism sites in Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of 163 responses were received and multiple regression analyses were conducted using Smart-PLS version 3.2.7. Results: The results revealed that (a) intrinsic motivation significantly impacts innovative employee behavior, (b) extrinsic motivation significantly impacts innovative employee behavior, (c) intrinsic motivation significantly impacts employee ambidexterity, (d) extrinsic motivation significantly impacts employee ambidexterity, (e) employee ambidexterity significantly impacts employee innovative behavior, (f) employee ambidexterity mediates the relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee innovative behavior, and (g) employee ambidexterity mediates the relationship between extrinsic motivation and innovative employee behavior. Limitations: This research was conducted on five renowned government tourism sites in the Plateau State; private tourism sites/recreation facilities could be included. Contributions: This study recommends that managers of tourist sites should incorporate intrinsic and extrinsic motivational practices to stimulate positive employee work outcomes that will, in turn, enhance the sustainability of tourist site resources and offer a welcoming, memorable, and friendly experience to tourists.

Does sustainability matter at tourism sites? Impact of motivation and employee-ambidexterity on employee-innovative-behaviour

Purpose: The sustainability of tourism sites in plateau states has been a significant concern. This study aims to analyze the impact of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) and employee ambidexterity on innovative employee behavior on the sustainability of tourism sites in Nigeria. Research Methodology: A quantitative approach was adopted and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among employees of five government tourism sites in Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of 163 responses were received and multiple regression analyses were conducted using Smart-PLS version 3.2.7. Results: The results revealed that (a) intrinsic motivation significantly impacts innovative employee behavior, (b) extrinsic motivation significantly impacts innovative employee behavior, (c) intrinsic motivation significantly impacts employee ambidexterity, (d) extrinsic motivation significantly impacts employee ambidexterity, (e) employee ambidexterity significantly impacts employee innovative behavior, (f) employee ambidexterity mediates the relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee innovative behavior, and (g) employee ambidexterity mediates the relationship between extrinsic motivation and innovative employee behavior. Limitations: This research was conducted on five renowned government tourism sites in the Plateau State; private tourism sites/recreation facilities could be included. Contributions: This study recommends that managers of tourist sites should incorporate intrinsic and extrinsic motivational practices to stimulate positive employee work outcomes that will, in turn, enhance the sustainability of tourist site resources and offer a welcoming, memorable, and friendly experience to tourists.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA KARANGSARI

The construction and development of Karang Sari Village to become a tourist village is very important. Seeing that so far this potential has not been exploited and organized and it is hoped that it will be able to improve the economic and welfare of the community. Karang Sari Village has a stretch of beach of approximately 17 km, from Muara Cimari beach to Cicalengka beach. Karang Sari Village has a stretch of beach of approximately 17 km, from Muara Cimari beach to Cicalengka beach. Indonesian tourism development uses the concept of cultural tourism formulated in Tourism Law Number 09 of 1990. The problem is that villages are still in the underdeveloped category, low levels of community welfare and low levels of facilities and infrastructure as well as knowledge in managing village potential. The aim is to increase the quality and quantity of tourism destinations to create a tourism industry that is able to drive the local and national economy, develop tourism institutions and tourism governance that are able to synergize tourism destination development, tourism marketing and the tourism industry in a professional, effective and efficient manner. Using the perspective of communication science theory from Professor John Marston (in Nova, 2009:32) regarding planning strategies, namely RACE (Reasearch, Action, Controling, Evaluation). Community service activities are analyzed using SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). In conclusion, building tourism potential in underdeveloped villages must review all aspects. Looking at the potential of natural resources and human resources, but looking at the geographical conditions and geopolitical conditions in the Karangsari Village area. Suggestions, Village Head and Karangsari Village Apparatus, persuasive efforts for people who still do not understand and take a counter stance towards the idea of building a tourist village