Tourism Governance Research Articles

Hidden in Plain Sight: Tourism Planning, Afro-Colombian Society and Community in Barú, Colombia

This article builds upon the scholarship of Alina Helg and other historians working on questions of racial identity in Colombia, and the Caribbean section of that country more specifically. Colombia is unique in that its identity is indigenous, African, as well as European. Its Afro-Colombian elements are often overlooked by virtue of the mestizo identity that has dominated settlement of its Andean highlands around the capital, Bogota. Using technical and social reports from tourism development on Barù Island, near Cartagena, this article explores the Afro-Colombian communities that established themselves on the island in the wake of emancipation in the mid-19th century, as well as the efforts of these communities to protect their rights. I also examine recent Constitutional Court decisions supporting the rights of Afro-Colombian communities like those on Barù against the developmental ambitions of governmental and private tourism developers who were intent on transforming the island into a mass tourism destination. The article concludes that recent legal shifts towards protecting Afro-Colombian rights secured a recent victory in favor of the islanders vis-à-vis designs of the state to impose its vision of global tourism development there.

Evaluating state tourism websites using Search Engine Optimization tools

Applying Search Engine Optimization (SEO) tools such as TrafficEstimate and Twitter Search, Google Trends, Alexa, SimilarWeb, SEMRUSH, SEO Analyzer, and Moz-Open Site Explorer; this research comparatively evaluates tourism websites of the government of India and of five Indian states. The criteria for selecting state websites are the number of Foreign Tourists Arrival (FTA). Using each SEO tool, individual rank is given first and then the mode of ranks is taken to give the final ranking to six tourism websites. Though there is literature available on evaluating Indian government (central or state) run tourism websites, there is no research available on comparing and ranking state government tourism websites in the Indian context, using Search Engine Optimization tools presented in this research. The result shows that the government of India's website www.tourism.gov.in ranks fourth. Tourism websites of three states i.e. Delhi, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu ranks first, second, and third respectively.

Political Economy of Tourism Development in Rural China: Case of Luting Township, Zhejiang

ABSTRACTIn current China’s rural development, sustainable discourses are used by decision-makers at all levels in order to create a viable ecological system and sustainable growth in rural areas, under the pressure of urbanization. Through a case study of a rural sustainable tourism planning project in China, this study examines the interweaving political and economic initiatives behind the tourism planning decision-making, in particular, through the discussion of political cadres’ discourses and social actions with the application of Jessop’s Strategic-Relational Approach (SRA). The result indicates the dual-relationship between structural constraints from the state and strategic responses from local level political cadres result in the decision-making in rural tourism development. The study of these political cadres at different levels also help to overview the rural tourism governance and power relationship in tourism planning.

Department of Tourism and Culture – Abu Dhabi: transforming the desert into a city

Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available upon request. Learning outcomes The purpose of this paper is to enable tourism management and strategic management students to evaluate and analyze tourism activities in the United Arab Emirates by TCA. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of developing tourism in rural areas in the United Arab Emirates and to build up proper strategies. They will be able to perform the organization’s competitive standing using Porter’s Five competitive forces and analyze its business strategies as well. They will be able to analyze the current status of the organization using SWOT analysis and to design alternative strategies for the company using TOWS analysis. Case overview/synopsis The Department of Tourism and Culture – Abu Dhabi, also known as the TCA, is a governmental tourism authority in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi established 14 years ago as part of an economy-diversifying strategy for the non-oil era. The TCA is responsible of creating tourism activities to generate new tourists in Abu Dhabi, which will increase the revenue of the authority and as well increase the gross domestic product of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) economy. Tourism activities have been focused on Abu Dhabi City as is it considered the capital city of the UAE. However, other cities are also part of this strategy, e.g. Al Ain City, which is located in the eastern region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and Al Dhafra City, which is located in the western region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, both of which lack the required infrastructure, population, and tourism activity, due in part at least to the fact that the TCA’s strategy plans have been focused on Abu Dhabi City. Sultan Al Mutawa Al Dhaheri (Al Dhaheri), the TCA’s Executive Director of Tourism, has been responsible for developing tourism in Al Ain City and Al Dhafra, but due to the current situation of the two cities regarding the low revenue growth (and the consequent lack of investors willing to invest) and no critical mass (i.e. a sufficient number of hotel rooms available), Al Dhaheri is facing a dilemma regarding achieving TCA strategy in Al Ain City and Al Dhafra City. Complexity academic level This case study will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate level students majoring in Tourism and Hospitality Management, Business Administration and Strategic Management. Subject code CSS 12: Tourism and Hospitality.

Sustainability of Tourism in India: Perception of Tourists on Delhi Tourism

This research attempts to examine the impact of tourism on economy, environment, and socio-cultural aspects of Delhi and explores how Delhi incorporated sustainable tourism development as the core mission to achieve economic, environmental, and socio-cultural development of tourist destinations. The main objective of this research is to examine the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural sustainability of tourism development in Delhi. A primary research was conducted at various tourist destinations in Delhi for evaluating the sustainability of tourism through the questionnaire survey. Questionnaire survey was executed among the tourists. A data set consisting of 141 respondents were generated. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis have been performed for evaluating the perception of tourists on the tourism policy and governance, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability. Research findings establish that the resource management, pressure on resources, local empowerment, environmental management, socio-cultural unsustainability, tourism governance, destination management, sustainable tourism promotion, local community participation are the important factors, which affects the sustainability of tourist destinations in Delhi. This research paper provides comprehensive and scientific evidences about the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural impacts of tourism development in Delhi, research findings can guide the government agencies, tourism operators, hotels and restaurants, and NGOs while formulating and implementing tourism policies.

Desenvolvimento do Turismo e a Interface com a Instância De Governança estadual: Um estudo no Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil

In the new international economic order that made the asymmetric economies impact on the local dynamics, causing also an interference in the process of planning and management of the tourist activity. In this sense, this work analyzes how the process of tourism development, characterized by the way tourism is used the territory through its management, influences the dynamics and functioning of a governance in tourism. The research carried out data collection of the documentary, bibliographic and interview with the members of the state tourism council of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), whose were treated with the technique of content analysis, based on the dialectical method. The main results show that the characteristics of the process of development of the tourist activity in the RN have a direct impact on the state governance body evidenced through its functioning structure, the dynamics, as well as the actions that are generated within the board.

Opportunities and Challenges in Tourism Industry of Uttarakhand

Tourism sector holds strategic importance in the Indian economy providing several socio economic benefits. Provision of employment, income and foreign exchange, development or expansion of other industries such as agriculture, construction, handicrafts etc. are some of the important economic benefits provided by the tourism sector. In addition, investments in infrastructural facilities such as transportation, accommodation and other tourism related services lead to an overall development of infrastructure in the economy. Uttarakhand is rich in scenic beauty with healthy climate and ample avenues for adventure sports and eco-tourism. River rafting, trekking, rock climbing, camping etc. are emerging as serious tourism businesses. As per CSO data, this sector is a leading contributor to the service sector GDPof the state. This State is also known for sites of cultural and religious significance. According to Uttarakhand Development Report 2011, there is around 150% increase in income within a period of 10 years in this sector and is a consistently growing source of income. Therefore, wise approach in leveraging tourism can lead to a better job opportunity for local residents close to their home for which they may not have to migrate, and in a way will help in preserving the local culture and traditions, in turn nurturing and restoring the diversity of our country along with a major source of income and employment in places which don't fit the portfolio of giant enterprises. In the absence of a planned and coordinated strategy of tourism development, the unlimited tourism potential of the State has, however, not been fully realized. Inadequate tourism infrastructure and government plan outlay have been substantially responsible for this as highlighted by this research paper.

Are local residents able to contribute to tourism governance? – impacts and perceptions in Cape Verde

Tourism planning and development necessarily entails efficient governance. The structure of such governance system includes the key players in order to ensure that all stakeholders are heard, contribute to the plan and participate in its implementation. This article introduces Cape Verde, a country with significant tourism growth and results, and it focuses on the case study of Boa Vista island. This paper is the result of a 5-year research that applied a mix methodology based on field work and interviews content analysis framed statistically and comprehensively in a mixed method analysis. This study demonstrates that communities are able to identify the negative and positive impacts of tourism development. Boa Vista has a community that is a practical example that locals able to recognize the existing problems and contribute to the future path to sustainable and truly representative development in sub-Saharan Africa.

Romanian Rural World Heritage Sites and Tourism Development

Objective: The aim of this article is to investigate if Romanian rural localities hosting or situated within a natural WHS (World Heritage Site) have benefited from their situation and developed the local rural tourism. Research Design & Methods: Since the topic of this article had not been previously investigated for Romania, the research was constructed as a case study, exploring the available secondary data on tourism supply and demand. Within the case study, a combination of empirical methods was used in order to investigate two ratios (the survival rate and continuity ratio) constructed to study the sustainability of the offer of local tourism. Findings: Romanian rural localities hosting or being part of a WHS do not exploit properly their tourist potential. However, these localities are in a better position than common rural localities from the viewpoint of a sustainable tourism offer. Implications & Recommendations: Further studies on tourism demand and tourism governance for WHS localities are needed in order to help local governments to develop authentic and sustainable tourism for these areas. Contribution & Value Added: Given the sparse academic Romanian literature focusing on WHSs, this study contributes to this field and opens new avenues for research. Furthermore, the findings of this study add to the existing international literature by supporting the idea that simply the presence of a WHS in rural areas is not a panacea for promoting tourism.

Redefining Tourism Governance in Raja Ampat: Sustainable Development Plus, Governance Index and Android Based App Open Access

To develop tourism sustainably in an emerging tourism destination especially Raja Ampat, there is a need to manage regional identity and develop governance arrangements that bond tourism development and community together. The government as a key initiator of community empowerment, needs to ensure its governance arrangements are efficient. This paper develops a framework to measure the effectiveness of regional governance for sustainable tourism development based on two main elements: sustainable development plus and tourism governance. Sustainable development plus consists of two core named internal and external layers. The tourism governance is then measured by data triangulation, and analysis. The result of the analysis is articulated into tourism governance index and management strategy based on Boston Consulting Group Matrix. This framework which later transformed into governance matrix can be used to set up governance index to help the government improve the governance performance. The android based app open access is also developed to bring policy making process closer to the community and global sphere.

Potential For The Development Of The Promotion Sarongge Tea In The Application Of The Green Tourism Value In Saronnge Village, Pacet Jawa Barat

ABSTRACT Tourism is now able to be a leading sector in Indonesia. Government tourism programme along get through with the 4.0 industry. A billion state money already implementing to develop tourism village which it will be reform the welfare of the village human life quality. This phenomenon the tourism diversity especially referring to tourism village always become potential income through natural attraction and culture. Tourism village in Sarongge is one of the about 200 and more that serve village which become edutourism. Village of Sarongge which located in Cianjur West Java. Sarongge village is one of the result of the participation of the community based who it focused with its product in edutourism. The development of edutourism in value in green area has managed to create and has become priorities economic growth for the local people of Sarongge village. This paper will highlight the issues that promotion edutourism in application of value green concept in Sarongge which have product strength in tea and coffee plantation, also many more tourism activities is an effort to develop edutourism concept through tea and coffee plantation. The result of this paper find that promotion still get adversity to create and promote for tea and coffee plantation as a core from edutourism in Sarongge village. Keywords: Edutourism, Sarongge Tea, Green Tourism

The critical role of a lead institution in ecotourism management: a case of dual governance in Belum-Temengor, Malaysia

ABSTRACTThe study examined the dual governance of ecotourism in Belum-Temengor Forest Reserve, Malaysia, through the qualitative method whereby 29 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with stakeholders of the ecotourism sector in the locality. Two distinct institutional arrangements resulted when one third of the forest reserve was declared the Royal Belum State Park and the Perak State Parks Corporation (PSPC) designated for its environmental management. By contrast, there was no lead institution for Temengor, where licensed logging also took place. The findings showed that the status/categorisation of forest land, the prioritisation of conservation and the presence of a lead institution significantly affected the ecotourism governance of a locality. The PSPC’s effective stewardship ensured that ecotourism was conducted sustainably at the state park, but the lack of a Temengor lead institution resulted in unregulated visitor entries and poor solid waste disposal in Temengor forest sites. The study contributes to the tourism governance discourse in Malaysia by highlighting the undesirability of a dual governance structure premised on unequal status of the ecotourism destinations involved. The study also demonstrates the need for leadership and multi-actors’ collaboration in the environmental management of ecotourism destinations.

The roles of hierarchical administrations of tourism governance in China: a content analysis

ABSTRACTTourism policy and development in China is both administered by its highly hierarchical government structure, which has been argued as a well-established process of policymaking and criticized as the major top-down constraint in policy implementation. This paper analyzed this hierarchical perspective of the Chinese tourism authorities through a content analysis of the official administration documents. The ROSTCM software identified and calculated the frequency of keywords and their associated networks in the regional and local levels. The results are the verbs describing the major role of these levels of government in tourism development which can hopefully be emulated in some countries where tourism development is planned. China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) is at the top of tourism policy and development with clearly defined functions of coordination, policymaking, planning, regulation, investment stimulation, promotion and organization. The decision-making process goes down to regional and local levels with partly different and partly overlapped functions. Regional governments undertake an intermediary role of interpreting national policies and directing these top-down ideas to the local governments that are the last level of administration that delivers and implements the directed policies to the locality. This hierarchical tourism administration implies the threat of misinterpretations between levels of governments. Local-level administrations should be empowered to engage in policymaking as they have closer connection and richer knowledge about local destinations and tourism stakeholders.

Destination development in Western Siberia: tourism governance and evolutionary economic geography

Tourism development has often been identified as a tool for balancing negative effects of economic restructuring, especially in peripheral regions. Tourism-based activities often utilize the availability of abundant nature, but although most English language studies of destination development are presented from western contexts, examples from post-Soviet Russia are rare. Western Siberia is a periphery with access to natural resources and heavy industrialization but remotely located from domestic (Russian) and international markets, where tourism is often considered a saviour, especially for the regional economies. Stakeholders in this Russian resource periphery face challenges in managing governance and cooperation in destinations development due to frequent institutional, economic and social changes. Using evolutionary economic geography and based on primary sources and interview data, tourism development and stakeholder relations are assessed in three Western Siberia regions: Tomsk, Kemerovo and Altai Krai. Findings show that for tourism to make a significant contribution, it must be more central to the economic development agenda in all three regions. However, it is currently only achieving a permanent high-profile in one of them, being crowded out by other (mostly primary) industries in the other two. Although the specific tourism governance set-up varies between the three regions, it is clear that public tourism governance still sits somewhat uneasily between state control and the market economy. Tourism receives substantial public subsidies, especially in large-scale investment projects, which depend on federal support within a governance system where decentralization seems to be somewhat limited and unstable. As a result, the tourism path development in the Siberian periphery is highly dependent on state intervention and success in other sectors.

Tourism governance in protected areas: investigating the application of the adaptive co-management approach

Protected areas have become popular tourism destinations; yet these areas are often plagued by poor governance systems, particularly in developing countries. Adaptive co-management (ACM) has been advocated as one approach to improve the governance of protected areas, yet empirical evidence from developing countries is lacking. This study investigates the application of the ACM approach in two protected areas in Bangladesh which are also important nature-based tourism destinations. Using Lawachara National Park and Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary as cases, this qualitative study explored the extent to which an ACM approach was able to support the achievement of key governance principles such as participation, accountability, transparency, power, rule of law, and social learning. It was found that the approach was successful in facilitating the increased participation of a broader range of stakeholder groups, and the collaboration between them. Importantly though, it was the adaptive element of ACM which was found to have made the greatest contribution to improved governance with the approach providing new opportunities for stakeholders to engage in iterative learning. This aspect was found to be of particular importance for the sustainability of the protected areas with stakeholders reporting changes attitudes and behaviour towards protected area conservation.

Sinergi Stakeholder Dalam Mewujudkan Aktivitas Pariwisata Di Desa Wisata Baha, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung

The purpose of this research is to know the existence of stakeholder in tourism in the tourist village of Baha, as well as synergies between tourism stakeholder in the Baha tourism village in making Baha as a tourism village in Badung Regency
 This research is located in Bahavillage, MengwiSubdistrict, BadungRegency.The type of research is in the form of qualitative data and quantitative data. The data sources obtained from the primary data and secondary data. The method of data collecting used are observation, interviews, and literature study. The determination of informants used purposive sampling. Data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative.
 The results of this study revealed that the presence of stakeholder in tourism in the tourist village of Baha, that consists of: (1) Government (Tourism Office of Badung Regency and the Dinas village of Baha). (2) The organizers of tourism business, comes from the local community who made their houses as homestays, and (3) local communities play a role in tourist attraction, which is coordinated by POKDARWIS. Based on the synergy between stakeholder involved in Baha tourism, can be said that the synergies between tourism stakeholder in Baha tourism village has not been maximum yet.
 
 Keywords:Synergies,Stakeholder,Baha Tourism Village

Ensuring good governance of marine wildlife tourism: a case study of ray-based tourism at Hamelin Bay, Western Australia

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on stingray and eagle ray tourism in Hamelin Bay, Western Australia, and examines whether current governance arrangements are sufficient. Utilising a desk-based methodology we review the literature and analyse the relevant legal provisions and management practices to determine whether these are appropriate given growth in tourism numbers. Although stricter controls were recommended over ten years ago, and some reforms were made, we find that governance remains limited. We make recommendations for the future with implications for governance in Australia and other regions where marine-based tourism is expanding and must be sustainably managed.

Competiveness of Medical Tourism Offers and Government Policy

Purpose. Identification of the role of government in the development of competitive medical tourism offers. Method. This is exploratory research, employing the grounded theory method that is characterized by an inductive approach to the analysed issue. Findings. Governments of the most competitive medical tourism destinations relatively rarely take on the role of service producers or developers. More often, they assume the role of service regulators, especially in the area concerning the quality of services and conditions for development of medical tourism. The scope and particular methods of intervention differ but it can be hypothesized that there are two basic models: in the first one, the private sector is a catalyst of development while the government takes on the role of a co-ordinator at the most advanced phase, in the second one, the government initiates and leads the development since its early stages. Research and conclusions limitations. The research has been based on secondary sources and covers selected cases in the particular period that may affect the generalization of the outcomes. Practical implications. The research provides some guidelines concerning the involvement of government and the instruments to deliver competitive medical tourism offers. Originality. The research makes an original attempt to identify governments’ activities in the area of medical tourism and provides a documented elaboration on Porter’s concept of competitiveness for the 10 top, most competitive destinations. The purpose and number of cases that were examined differ the research from similar attempts more limited in their scope. Type of paper. Empirical research on 10 cases.

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI DINAS PARIWISATA KOTA PALEMBANG DALAM MEMPROMOSIKAN DESTINASI WISATA DI KOTA PALEMBANG MENJELANG ASIAN GAMES XVIII 2018 (Studi pada Program Paket Wisata Hemat “Palembang Asiik”)

<p><em>The potential of tourism owned by Palembang city has not been optimally excavated. It causes only a few tourist objects are known by people outside of Palembang, both domestic and foreign.Generally, the typical tourist attraction of Palembang city that is known by people outside Palembang is Ampera Bridge only. Though there are many other attractions in Palembang which can be a tourist destinations. Related on it, the problems faced by the City Government is less than optimal campaigns made. A communication strategy is needed to promote the existing tourist attractions in Palembang in order to increase the visits of foreign tourists to Palembang. Especially Palembang will host the 2018 Asian Games XVIII event. Palembang city can use these moments in accelerating the growth of its tourism sector.Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is to find out how the communication strategy undertaken by the Department of Tourism of Palembang City in promoting tourist destinations in Palembang before Asian Games XVIII 2018 through a package tour program "Palembang Asiik". This research will use Lasswell's communication formula to analyze who is the communicators, what messages, what media are used, who the target audience is, and what effects they have. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data taking:</em><em> observation and documentation.</em><em> The result shows that communicator in this research, </em><em>is Association of Indonesian Travel Company (Asita) South Sumatera Province. Messages that are carried through the package tour is safe, exciting, efficient, beautiful, and memories. Media used to promote this program include new media, through Instagram. Target audiences in this tour program are foreign tourists, especially Asia.</em><em> The effect of this program is increasing the number of tourist.</em></p><h5><em> </em></h5><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>communication strategies, government tourism office of</em><em> </em><em>Palembang, promotion tour, Asian Games XVIII 2018, </em><em></em></p>

Tobati Enggros Village Tourism Development Model In Community Income Increasing Strategy In Jayapura City

Tobati Village and Enggros Village can only be reached by using sea transportation, because it is located in the middle of Youtefa Bay, while transportation is provided by the community traditionally, and only limited to meeting daily needs, so that if there are tourists who want to visit the area of Youtefa Bay attractions must first contact the local community to prepare the boat. There are several alternative wharves to reach the Youtefa Bay area, namely: Jetty at Hamadi Beach, Muara Sungai Hquiry, Vim Beach, Abe Beach and Tanah Hitam. The purpose of this study are as follows: (1) To find out and analyze the inhibiting factors and supporting factors in improving the tourism of Tobati Enggros Village in Jayapura City. (2). To produce a strategy in developing tourism potential of Tobati Enggros Village in Jayapura City. (3) To produce a tourist model of Tobati Enggros Village in Jayapura City and (4). To find out the income of the people in Tobati Enggros Village in Jayapura City. Data analysis techniques are three analytical tools, namely, qualitative descriptive analysis (liker scale) to quantitative descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis through approaches commonly known as Strength Analysis, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats or SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats). The results showed that the strategy for Tobati Enggros village tourism was a strategy: (1) With special autonomy the government was able to increase the availability of human resources who understand tourism potential and how to develop tourism and can increase the allocation of funds. (3) Technological progress must be able to be utilized to develop tourism governance and the quality of human resources. (4) The development and progress of the tourism sector in Indonesia is able to become an important capital to improve tourism promotion that is still lacking. (5) The strategic location and distance between villages that are increasingly integrated make a great opportunity so that the government is able to allocate funds to improve roads and improve governance. (6) Increasing economic growth can make opportunities to be able to increase competitiveness so that it will be able to increase the quantity and quality of human resources. There are 4 (four) models for the development of Tobati and Enggros tourist villages, namely: the development model of villages (1) cultural tourism, (2) water sports tourism, (3) natural tourism, and (4) historical tourism.