Tourism Enterprises Research Articles

The use of augmented reality technologies in tourism businesses from the perspective of UTAUT2

PurposeAugmented reality is one of the technologies that developed and became widespread, especially after the 2000s. It is seen that innovations such as 3D virtual reality glasses, artificial intelligence-supported smart chatbots that communicate with customers in a virtual environment, keyless hotel systems, the Internet of Things, augmented reality applications, smart personal assistants, digital infrastructure concepts and face recognition systems are used in tourism businesses. The place and use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises are discussed in this study. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. The purpose of this study is to examine the usability of augmented reality technologies in tourism businesses.Design/methodology/approachWithin the scope of the study, interviews were held with augmented reality application developers, digital marketing agencies and accommodation business managers. The obtained data were processed with the MAXQDA analysis program.FindingsIt has been determined that augmented reality is a useful and informative technological tool for tourists, it can help sales, promotion and marketing activities, and its usability potency in accommodation businesses is high.Originality/valueWhen the literature is reviewed, it is understood that the studies that apply to the opinions of the application developers and the managers of the accommodation establishments are limited. Therefore, this study has been prepared to contribute to the literature in this respect. This study examines and discusses the use of augmented reality technologies in tourism enterprises, the benefits and difficulties they will create from the perspective of application developers and accommodation business managers and their place in tourism enterprises. This study was evaluated from the perspective of UTAUT2. There is a need for research developed using UTAUT models in technology acceptance studies. In this respect, it will contribute to the literature.

Organizational and Economic Aspects of Agrarian Tourism Activity Management in Uzbekistan: Analysis, Changes, And Prospects

Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to investigate the organizational and economic facets associated with the management of agricultural tourism in Uzbekistan. The focus is on understanding the potential for the rapid development of the country's economy through the promotion of agricultural tourism activities.
 
 Methods: The study engages in theoretical research, culminating in the development of an author's definition of agricultural tourism. This definition is crafted by synthesizing insights from both foreign and local scholars. The research employs a multifactor econometric analysis, utilizing multifactorial production functions and related functions, to examine the factors influencing the development of agrarian tourism. The chosen objects of observation are tourist enterprises in Fergana and Tashkent regions engaged in agrarian tourism, with financial and economic data being key components of the analysis. Additionally, econometric models are formulated to depict changes in income volume from agrarian tourism services, based on multi-factor linkages, and medium-term forecast indicators are established.
 
 Results: The article presents the findings of the analysis of 19 administrative-territorial units in the Fergana region, evaluating the existing conditions and resource potential for the development of agrarian tourism activities. Integrated indicators, reflecting the overall potential for each region, are determined through the integration of various parameters. The article employs the Sterjess formula to group these integrated indicators, leading to the categorization of regions into four zones concerning the development of agricultural tourism activities.
 
 Conclusion: Based on the comprehensive research conducted, the article concludes with practical proposals and recommendations. These are aimed at fostering the development of agrarian tourism activity in Uzbekistan and enhancing the overall efficiency of activity management in this sector. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of leveraging the identified zones for targeted strategies to maximize the economic benefits of agricultural tourism in the country.

The Influence of Geopolitical Factors on the Tourism Industry

Purpose: The objective of the article was to analyze the impact of geopolitical instability (political coups, terrorist acts and military conflicts) as global security factors on the tourism sphere. After all, today, tourists primarily pay attention to the safety of the tourist destinations they plan to visit. Therefore, geopolitical instability becomes an obvious negative factor that affects the dynamics of tourist flows not only on the territory of Ukraine, but also throughout the world. Design / Methodology / Approach: Methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison. Findings: The article examines the dynamics of changes in tourist flows of different countries due to the influence of geopolitical instability, analyses the reasons that hinder the development of tourism due to thein fluence of political coups, terrorist acts and military actions. The impact of political coups on tourist flows is characterized using the example of Middle Eastern countries, the negative consequences for the tourist industry of terrorist attacks using the example of the USA, France, and wars and military conflicts using the example of African countries, Georgia, and Ukraine. Geopolitical instability has been found to have a negative impact on the tourism industry and lead to a decreaseorchangeintouristflowsincountriesexperiencingpoliticalupheavals, acts of terrorism, and especially hostilities and wars. It was found that in periods of increased danger, the intensity of tourist trips in and outside the countries tends to decrease sharply, and the issue of the safety of tourists always remains relevant and requires significant attention of tourism enterprises. Originality / Value: The expediency of studying geopolitical instability has been proven in order to further use the experience of other countries’ exit from the crisis caused by geopolitical instability and to develop ways of adapting the tourism sphere of Ukraine to such a crisis and ways of exiting it. Practical Meaning: A special place in the article is devoted to the impact of the war on tourism in Ukraine, because military actions continue to this day and cause significant damage not only to the tourism industry, but also to all spheres of the economy. Further Research: Development of adaptation strategies of tourism business enterprises in the conditions of the crisis caused by geopolitical instability.

Analysis of Cases of Use of Smart Technologies in Tourism and Hotel Enterprises

In the tourism and hospitality industry, Smart technologies are important because it has the qualityto support the production of the industry. Innovation in the field of Tourism has been growing rapidly in the lastfew years. While most service tourism businesses and hospitality industry professionals are doing their bestto adapt to these rapid changes, new technology continues to advance the industry. This article discussessome of the emerging Smart technologies in the tourism and hotel industry and which sectors need to bedeveloped.

Innovative Management in Smart Tourism: a Digital Economy Imperative for Tourist Enterprises

This article explores how innovative management practices are essential for tourist enterprises inthe era of Smart tourism and the digital economy. It emphasizes the use of cutting-edge technologies anddata-driven decision-making to enhance operational efficiency and elevate the overall tourist experience. Thearticle provides actionable insights for enterprises aiming to thrive at the intersection of innovative management,Smart tourism, and the digital economy.

Ethnic Minority Women and Tourism Development in Vietnam: Revisiting Social Capital and Cultural Construction

Vietnam has a diversity of ethnic minorities that participate in tourism enterprises. Despite gender bias, women play significant roles in this process. Using a case study approach, our aim was to examine social capital and cultural construction that occurs when ethnic women perform tourism-related work. Onsite observation, followed by in-depth interviews and document analysis were conducted at a farmstay and a community-based tourism development in rural Vietnam. Social capital consisted of bonding that emerged during the start-up phase and with individuals who acted independently, whereas bridging was evidenced through relationships between government and people. Acquisition of social capital is crucial if impoverished individuals want to improve their status in life. However, upward mobility must be balanced against ethnic/cultural identity and tourism revenue, especially during the post-COVID-19 era. This research contributes to the scant literature on empowering marginalized individuals and groups who work at rural tourism destinations across Asia Pacific.

Collaborative Partnerships, Religious Reputation Culture, and Digital Tourism Promotion in Support of Halal Tourism Villages

This study focuses on two primary aspects of investigation. Firstly, it examines the digital methods that Small to Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) utilize and collaborative patterns with branding strategies to cultivate halal tourism villages. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach within the social phenomenology framework. Secondly, it identifies the most suitable alternative for SMTEs’ development using a Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The research concludes that enhancing SMTEs involves a multifaceted approach, including effective planning, digital transformation, fostering collaboration, and investing in halal-friendly infrastructure with standardization in halal certification. Through a qualitative approach and QSPM analysis, the study identifies strategic priorities like collaborative partnerships, religious reputation culture implementation, and digital tourism promotion as crucial strategies for SMTEs’ success. This research significantly contributes to the development of halal tourism enterprises by involving a unique context, employing less common methodology, and focusing on sustainable development. The limitations of this study pertain to the impact of uncontrollable external changes, while the future research agenda explores predictive modeling and regional comparisons to advance further the understanding of strategy outcomes in halal tourism development.

The effects of perceived cultural distance and perceived discrimination on the destination image and behaviour intention of international student tourists in Taiwan

This study aimed to explore perceived cultural distance, perceived discrimination, destination image, and behavioural intention as well as the relationships among these constructs in international student tourists in Taiwan. By employing partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the findings showed that perceived cultural distance significantly impacted the cognitive and affective images of a destination, whereas perceived discrimination negatively influenced cognitive and affective images. Additionally, the results revealed that perceived cultural distance did not affect behavioural intention; however, perceived discrimination negatively affected behavioural intention. The findings also showed that cognitive image mediated the interrelationships among perceived cultural distance, perceived discrimination, and behavioural intention, whereas affective image was not a mediator in these correlations. The findings of this study have several implications that can benefit tourism academia and industry, particularly destination management organisations and tourism enterprises.

Southeast Asian Regionalism: An Examination of the Progress and Priorities of ASEAN through its Joint Communiqués

In pursuit of ASEAN’s objective to formalize the ASEAN Community, this article critically examines the community-building progress and the organization’s key priorities. The research is guided by two research problems. First, what are the subjects discussed in each ASEAN community pillar? Second, how are the key issues addressed in relation to each ASEAN community pillar? A thematic analysis of the joint communiqués published by ASEAN from 2004-2019 was conducted to respond to these questions. More specifically, each communiqué was tagged and analyzed, and themes were subsequently derived, enabling a comprehensive examination of each area of the ASEAN community. The article contributes significant insights into the evolving landscape of ASEAN’s cooperation and integration. The findings elucidate on the shifting dynamics and complexities that shape ASEAN’s political-security, economic, and socio-cultural communities, shedding light on the organization’s changing priorities and challenges. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) prioritizes key growth areas, such as tourism, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), and energy. For the ASEAN political-security, its focus is on ascertaining continued peace in the region as exemplified by collaboration on non-traditional security issues. Meanwhile, the ASEAN socio-cultural community primarily centers on environmental issues, disaster response and management, and the youth. However, the advancement of the ASEAN community has faced setbacks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2021 Myanmar coup d’état. Overall, the joint communiqués manifests the different initiatives that ASEAN has taken to deepen integration and a sense of community.

Analytical Network Process Model-Based Halal Tourism Development Strategy in Banjarmasin City

This research seeks to determine the halal tourism development strategy in Banjarmasin City, prioritizing halal tourism development aspects, including tourist attraction, human resources, accessibility, regulations, marketing, and the environment. This research makes use of the Analytic Network Process approach. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were conducted with 12 expert informants consisting of academics, regulators, and practitioners. The results show that the priority issues are human resources, tourism services, regulations, and socialization. The priority solution to the four problems of developing halal tourism in Banjarmasin City is a regulatory solution. The strategies include 1) Improving the high-quality of human sources in halal tourism control; 2) Developing tourist services that are more Muslim-friendly; 3) Providing complete commitment and help from both the authorities and private zones in growing halal tourism; and 4) Accentuating the socialization and schooling concerning halal tourism to the network and tourism enterprise actors.

Intercultural Communication in Tourism Enterprises of Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract The paper analyses intercultural communication problems in tourism enterprises of Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden. It gives an overview of intercultural theories and their application to the characteristics of employees in three countries. The methodology includes both primary and secondary types of research: analysis of scientific literature and qualitative research. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted in three countries. The results show cultural peculiarities typical to each country and provide possible solutions to intercultural problems. The research aims to examine intercultural communication problems in tourism and hospitality enterprises and to identify types of strategies and actions required to develop intercultural communicative competence and to solve intercultural communication problems. The article provides company profiles, describes intercultural difficulties encountered and the designed employee-assessment questionnaire. The research findings may be of interest to tourism industry representatives and higher education institution stakeholders, including academic personnel and students who study intercultural communication as an important discipline in the tourism faculty.

On the Incentive and Sustainability Impact of SDGs on Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises (SMEs)

This paper investigates the influence of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on innovation and sustainability in Small and Medium-sized Tourism Enterprises (SMEs) in Brazil. Through qualitative methods, including interviews and document analysis, the study explores how specific SDGs act as incentives for innovation, shaping employment strategies and responsible production processes within SMEs. The sustainability impact is evident in environmental conservation, community engagement, and responsible consumption. Despite notable achievements, challenges such as resource constraints persist, emphasizing the need for targeted support. The study concludes that aligning with SDGs positions Brazilian SMEs as contributors to global sustainability, promoting responsible and innovative business practices.

Ризик: сутність поняття та класифікація в туристичній індустрії

Nowadays one of the characteristic features of society's functioning is high uncertainty. This is manifested in the impossibility of predicting future events, which creates fear and apprehension to perform some activity in order to protect oneself from undesirable consequences. Uncertainty is the prerequisite for the risks emergence. The purpose of the study is to define the essence of "risk" concept, its classification and sys-tematization, which will allow a better understanding which factors affect tourism activity in the world for the further risk management programs formation. Despite the large number of studies, the authors mostly consider the risks of the tourism in-dustry which affect a separate tourist enterprise activities. The decisive factor for risk management at the micro (enterprise) level is the ability to respond quickly and flexibly, the presence of risk management programs and measures to eliminate consequences. Each group of risks has a different effect on a separate industry or enterprise, and mostly they have a negative character. The tourism industry suffers significantly from conditions caused by natural, climatic, eco-nomic, political, foreign economic and other factors. The most devastating event in recent years that caused a significant drop in tourism industry was the COVID-19 pandemic, with an average of 70% drop in international tourist arrivals for 2020-2022. Due to the existing risks, the tourism industry bears significant financial losses, bankruptcies or structural changes. Different risks require appro-priate solutions and support measures. To carry out the research, general scientific and special methods were used, in particular the-oretical generalization - to highlight the theoretical aspects of risks in tourism; synthesis, compari-son and systematization; statistical analysis method - for analyzing statistical data of tourist flows. The information base is scientific publications of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, as well as data from the World Tourism Organization (WTO). The conducted study of the tourism industry and the risks impact on it gives reason to con-clude that it is very sensitive to the risks that arise in society, even one adverse event can leave a negative impression on the destination or the tourist attraction of the country. The results of this re-search can be useful to develop practical recommendations for risk management at the level of en-terprises and the industry as a whole. The article proposes a classification of risks in tourism with information about countries that are most vulnerable to such phenomena as natural disasters, terrorism, environmental and political dangers, etc., thanks to which it is possible to assess the safety of individual destinations. Examples of the various factors influence on the tourism industry of the countries and regions are also given.

Affectors on The Financial Distress of Businesses Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange: Hotel, Restaurant, And Tourism

The purpose of this research is to ascertain how operating capacity, liquidity, profitability, and leverage affect financial hardship in lodging, dining, and tourism businesses that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. With 35 hotel, restaurant, and tourism enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, this study employs quantitative methodologies. Additionally, 12 companies were selected as samples through the use of purposive sampling. In this work, logistic regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and descriptive statistics were employed as data analytic approaches. The findings demonstrate that the profitability ratio significantly and negatively impacts financial strain. This finding suggests that a company's financial performance improves with increased profitability, putting it in a better position to avoid financial trouble. Additionally, there is a noteworthy and positive correlation between the liquidity ratio and financial difficulty. It demonstrates that a company's likelihood of experiencing financial problems increases with its liquidity. Conversely, there is a negligible and adverse impact of the leverage ratio on financial distress. This finding suggests that a company's amount of leverage has an effect on the financial difficulties it experiences. Furthermore, financial distress is positively and significantly impacted by the operational capacity ratio. This finding demonstrates that the likelihood of experiencing financial trouble increases with TATO

Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on consumer mobility and recovery from a distance perspective: a mobile phone data application

研究目的在我们的研究中, 为了调查COVID-19大流行期间的旅游出行（例如：酒店访问）, 我们根据保护动机理论制定了三个目标：（1）研究在COVID-19大流行前后美国的旅行距离的变化, （2）在大流行期间识别不同地区的不同旅行模式; 以及（3）探讨影响旅游出行的威胁和应对因素。研究方法我们利用了两个主要数据源。首先, 来自SafeGraph的智能手机数据提供了63,610家美国酒店的酒店特定变量（例如位置和访客计数）以及旅行距离数据。其次, 代表与旅行距离相关的各种因素的州级数据来自COVID-19数据中心和美国人口普查局。我们分析了州级和地区级的旅行距离随时间的变化, 并调查了与这些变化相关的临床、政策和人口因素。研究发现我们的研究结果揭示了不同阶段的实际旅行动态和地区内的差异, 以及在公共卫生风险中塑造旅行模式的健康相关政策和其他外部因素的作用。研究创新我们的研究是第一个利用智能手机数据以及与COVID-19和人口统计数据相关的州级数据, 经验性地研究了旅行距离到酒店作为目的地的变化。我们的研究结果表明, 旅游企业和利益相关者可以通过考虑威胁评估和应对机制来主动调整他们的策略, 这两者都受到健康相关政策等外部因素的影响。

Analyzing the linkages of rural tourism, GDP, energy utilization, and environment: Exploring a sustainable path for China

Rural tourism spurs economic growth and jobs but harms the Environment due to energy demands. The study accounts for energy use, globalization, and economic growth to assess and mitigate rural tourism's environmental impact. For data covering 2001Q1 to 2019Q4, GMM approaches are utilized to analyze the environmental implications of rural tourist enterprises. The findings suggest that rural tourism-related catering services increased substantial and positive overall environmental quality, except N2O. However, food and beverage services negatively influence greenhouse gas emissions and only PM2.5 in air pollution. Sightseeing hurts greenhouse gas emissions while having a positive impact on air pollution. Furthermore, traveling has a considerable negative influence on CO emissions in air pollutants. Energy use only has a substantial influence on CO2 and CO, but GDP has a negative impact on N2O emissions. Globalization has a negative impact on CO2 and air pollutants other than PM2.5. Catering services associated with rural tourism positively affect overall environmental quality, excluding N2O emissions. Rural tourism's food and beverage services harm greenhouse gas emissions (including CO2) and air pollution (particularly PM2.5). Traveling has a significant negative impact on CO emissions, but sightseeing has a dual impact, both negative on greenhouse gas emissions and positive influence on air pollution. Furthermore, shopping and leisure have little impact on overall environmental quality in China. The crucial efforts' policy ramifications are addressed as well.

The Effect of Human Capital, Social Capital, Open Innovation on Tourism Enterprise Performance in Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to analyze tourism business performance influenced by human capital, social capital and open innovation. The problem approach in this research uses a supply-side approach regarding how tourism actors use social networks and innovation to build social capital, which impacts increasing company performance.
 
 Theoretical framework: This research analyzes tourism performance after the pandemic by integrating social capital and innovation theories (Shi et al., 2020; Ogink et al., 2023). The concept of tourism enterprise performance has received widespread attention among researchers and management practitioners for two decades, as evidenced by various research papers and concept developments that lead the tourism industry to face problems and changes in tourist expectations regarding human capital readiness, social capital and open innovation. However, There is still much to investigate and learn about. This researcher further tested the social capital approach from the tourism service provider side, which still requires further testing.
 
 Method: This research explores the application of human capital, social capital and open innovation to government officials and tourism actors in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Yogyakarta was chosen as the research location because Yogyakarta is the second tourist destination after Bali for tourist visits to Indonesia. The sample used in this research was 353 tourism SMEs. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed directly to tourism managers. The data analysis tool uses PLS-SEM structural equations.
 
 Result: The analysis results show that the Tourism Enterprise Performance (TEP) model is acceptable, and not all proposed hypotheses have a significant positive effect.
 
 Conclusion: Human capital has a positive influence on social capital, and social capital has a positive influence on open innovation and TEP. However, the influence of social capital on open innovation and the influence of open innovation on Tourism Enterprise Performance are not significant. Future research should analyze several human capital, social capital, open innovation and Tep variables separately for each type of tourist destination. This research can create better generalizations regarding TEP in each tourist destination.
 Originality/Value: The results indicate that the development of literature on human capital, social capital and open innovation has a substantial impact on tourism business performance and the development of tourism entrepreneurship knowledge

Innovation for sustainability through co-creation by small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMEs): Socio-cultural sustainability benefits to rural destinations

Small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMEs) are the dominant industry players in rural destinations. This study investigates how they can contribute to socio-cultural sustainability benefits of rural destination communities by engaging in co-creation in innovation for sustainability (IFS). The rural destinations of Vega and Røros were selected as qualitative empirical cases to investigate 14 tourism SMEs' co-creation in IFS practices. The findings indicate that due to contextual elements of rurality (e.g. local embeddedness, strong personal relations, and trust), tourism SMEs co-create in IFS with various local stakeholders, and contribute to the socio-cultural benefits of rural destinations' sustainability through local sourcing, education, resource synergies, inclusion, and quality of life. This study contributes to the literature on sustainable rural destination development and the role of tourism SMEs, as well as expands the understanding of IFS and the benefits of co-creation.

The tendency of consumers to use online travel agencies from the perspective of the valence framework: The role of openness to change and compatibility

Using the valence framework, this study examined the effect of perceived benefit (utilitarian value and convenience) and perceived risk (privacy & security barrier and usage constraints) to purchase intention of consumers towards online travel agencies (OTAs). Furthermore, the impacts of personality traits (openness to change and compatibility) to perceived benefit, perceived risk, and purchase intention of consumers towards OTAs are also put under consideration. A research sample, including 494 observations from 18 years old and above who have used OTAs, was collected and used in empirical analyzing, the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is a suitable choice for assessing the validation of measurement model and construct model. The results of this study indicate that, being consistent to the valence framework, perceived benefit and perceived risk significantly affect purchase intention towards OTAs. Additionally, openness to change and compatibility has positive influence on perceived benefits and negative influence on perceived risk. Openness to chance is also proven to positively impact OTAs purchase intentions. Based on these findings and their implications, OTAs providers and tourism enterprises could plan suitable strategies for attracting customers.

Evaluation of Social Media Marketing Literature in the Tourism Industry Using PRISMA

Social media is an effective communication and information-sharing tool for tourism enterprises and organisations. Tourism marketing shall tap the growing popularity of social media and internet users, embracing a technological shift by optimising the potential of social media. This research study evaluates the academic journal articles related to social media in the tourism industry published on EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar academic databases from 2005 to 2022. The article adopts a content analysis approach to review the articles and to evaluate the present state of knowledge of social media marketing in academic literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is used for reporting and screening the review papers. The articles were coded and categorised under six major themes: Marketing, Destination experience/image, Tourism recovery, Smart tourism, Communication and Promotion. The research analysis has identified two major areas: (a) Travellers’/tourists’ Perspective which has a focus on their behavioural attitude and (b) Tourism Agencies’ Perspective which has a functional approach. Based on the review of the literature to give direction for further research, an improvised version of the definition for the term ‘social media’ with the inclusion of more specific terms in it has been proposed with theoretical and practical implications.