Tourism Economics Research Articles

PENGARUH E-LEADERSHIP MENTOR DI INDUSTRI TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA MAGANG

Universities have a challenge to create competitive human resources in the era of industrialization wave 4.0 which is marked by the global era, the information age and the knowledge era. On the other hand, the Entrepreneurship Internship Program in Higher Education faces the problem of mentor hours in a busy industry, so that the mentor leadership function in guiding student internships in the industry is not effective. The development of information technology and the internet has the potential to facilitate leadership activities that are not limited by space and time. E-Leadership is a leadership activity (as influence, direction and vision) through electronic media. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of E-Leadership on students' interest in entrepreneurship, either directly or indirectly through mediating variables of perceived feasibility and perceived desire. The research was conducted on 100 final year students at the College of Tourism Economics (STIEPARI) Semarang City who are currently or have participated in an internship program. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS 16.0 program. The results of this study found that E-Leadership had a positive and significant effect on students' entrepreneurial interest both directly and indirectly through mediating variables of perceived feasibility and perceived desire. The results of this study provide implications for the benefits of information technology and the internet in supporting mentor leadership activities (as influence, direction and vision) in guiding student internships in the industry to be more effective. The originality of this study is to examine the function of mentor leadership in the industry through the electronic media of E-Leadership on perceptions of feasibility, perceptions of desire and interest in entrepreneurship.

Links between tourism and energy

Energy tourism is a novel field of tourism that will likely to grow in the future. Relationship between tourism development, energy demand and growth factors are widely investigated and monitored in developed and developing countries. Without understanding the critical impact of tourism on energy consumption, the policymakers and stakeholders worldwide are unlikely to develop policies to reduce tourism-related carbon emissions. In this short paper, we assess the links between tourism and energy and provide evidence for these relationships. Our results might be of interest to researchers, policymakers and graduate students in the fields of energy, environment and tourism economics.

Can the COVID-19 risk perception affect tourists’ responsible behavior intention: an application of the structural equation model

Responsible tourism has received great attention as a recovery strategy post COVID-19 in the tourism industry. The originality of this study is the integration of knowledge-attitude-practice theory and theory of planned behavior to disclose how knowledge influences responsible tourism behavior intention and the development of a new scale of responsible tourism behavior in the post COVID-19 era. By using a mixed-methods approach with quota sampling, a propensity score weighting structure equation model is adopted to examine the behavior developed scales and proposed framework. From a methodological perspective, the propensity score weighting structural equation model was adopted to address the sampling bias in the non-probability sampling, which is a supplement and deepening of the research methods in tourism economics. This study finds that the responsible behavioral intention is partially mediated by the knowledge in travel risk. Behavioral attitude and subjective norm are the mediators and their indirect effects are causally moderated by tourists’ past travel experience. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

KAJIAN ON JOB TRAINING BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN, PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN DAERAH (BAPPEDA) PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

The On The Job Training (OJT) activity is an activity that is included in the curriculum of all Study Programs at the Indonesian Tourism Economics College (STIEPARI) Semarang and must be carried out by students who are currently studying in semester VI. On The Job Training (OJT) is an activity to go directly to the field and apply the things obtained from theory and compared with practice in the field. From semester I to semester V, students of the Indonesian Tourism Economics College (STIEPARI) Semarang have been equipped with various practical skills and solving problems that exist in each study program so as to make it easier for students to practice in their respective fields.

MENGUNGKAP SISI KECERDASAN DALAM PROSES PEMAHAMAN AKUNTANSI

Emotional Quotient (EQ) determines how well a person uses her skills. Spiritual Quotient (SQ) is the foundation necessary for the functioning of Intellectual and Emotional quotient effectively. The informants in this study were 3 undergraduate students of Accounting Department, Faculty of Business and Tourism Economics, University of Hindu Indonesia. In this study, researchers used a qualitative approach. The research approach used was the Phenomenology of Edmund Hussel. The main objective of this research is to analyze and analyze the phenemoenology of accounting understanding from the point of view of emotional and spiritual intelligence. From the results of the research, these three informants have a weak understanding of accounting from the point of view of intelligence. This can be seen from the "in order to motive" of students in lectures only pursuing a high achievement index by justifying all means including cheating and using mobile phones with "because motive” the three informants who seen from the point of view of intelligence intelligence, namely the way lecturers teach courses and students tend to race on textbooks and mobile phones. Researchers found the results of the informant's "because motive", namely the informant is distant from religious values such as a lack of calm and rarely pray when answering assignments or exams.

A note on the contribution of Valuation economics in tourism

Valuation economics is a field which promises a wide range of applications for tourism. However, the new born nature of tourism economics has not yet unveiled the vast opportunities for tourist policy information and the pricing information embedded therein. This paper aims to briefly conceptualize these opportunities with examples on the methods and relevant examples of literature and pave the way towards their accommodation in the emerging tourism economics field. Market failure occurrences in tourism drive the need for total economic value estimation for a wide array of tourist goods through the employment of stated preference techniques and revealed preference techniques. Tourism can also benefit from the benefit transfer approach initially conceptualized in environmental economics which have contributed to a great development and expansion of these methods.

The path of least resistance explaining tourist mobility patterns in destination areas using Airbnb data

Destination attractiveness research has become an important research domain in leisure and tourism economics. But the mobility behaviour of visitors in relation to local public transport access in tourist places is not yet well understood. The present paper seeks to fill this research gap by studying the attractiveness profile of 25 major tourist destination places in the world by means of a ‘big data’ analysis of the drivers of visitors' mobility behaviour and the use of public transport in these tourist places. We introduce the principle of ‘the path of least resistance’ to explain and model the spatial behaviour of visitors in these 25 global destination cities. We combine a spatial hedonic price model with geoscience techniques to better understand the place-based drivers of mobility patterns of tourists. In our empirical analysis, we use an extensive and rich database combining millions of Airbnb listings originating from the Airbnb platform, and complemented with TripAdvisor platform data and OpenStreetMap data. We first estimate the effect of the quality of the Airbnb listings, the surrounding tourist amenities, and the distance to specific urban amenities on the listed Airbnb prices. In a second step of the multilevel modelling procedure, we estimate the differential impact of accessibility to public transport on the quoted Airbnb prices of the tourist accommodations. The findings confirm the validity of our conceptual framework on ‘the path of least resistance’ for the spatial behaviour of tourists in destination places.

Systematic literature review on computable general equilibrium applications in tourism

Assessment of the economy-wide impacts of tourism has increased importance due to the unprecedented impacts of COVID-19. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is a versatile tool for estimating the economy-wide impacts of tourism, as opposed to alternative general equilibrium approaches and partial equilibrium approaches. However, there has not been any systematic review done on CGE applications in tourism literature. The article reviews CGE applications in tourism over the past 25 years using a systematic quantitative literature review approach. This review presents potentially important applications of CGE models in guiding post-COVID tourism. Further, the article highlights the new developments in CGE modelling, which are yet to be adopted in tourism economics. Existing studies show a strong geographical bias. Notable research gaps exist in the areas of poverty, inequality, gender, environmental and the climate change impacts of tourism. Future research in these areas will be vital to effectively guide post-COVID tourism recovery.

What drives international tourism development in the Belt and Road Initiative?

As an important part of modern service, international tourism has created possibilities for employment and improvement in the balance of payments in receiving countries. This has also strengthened the degree of economic dependence among regions. In the context of international economic diversification, industrial integration, and globalization, the development of a domestic international tourism industry for a given country is inevitably affected by the performance of foreign economies. Therefore, the relationship between economic growth and tourism development has always been of primary interest in tourism economics. In order to study the dynamic relationship between regional economic growth and international tourism revenue along the Belt and Road Initiative, this study examines the annual country-level data from 1995 to 2017. A global vector autoregressive model (GVAR) is estimated, along with the impulse response and variance decomposition, to explain the interaction effect between China and other regions. The impulse response analysis shows that local economic growth has significant shock and spillover effects on international tourism revenue in the other regions, but these effects are heterogeneous across regions and do not always show positive cyclical synchronization. Results of the variance decomposition show that China's economic growth has increasingly contributed to international tourism revenue in other regions, and that the interdependence of countries' tourism demand has become stronger. Therefore, countries along the Belt and Road Initiative should strengthen their economic cooperation, reduce barriers to tourism trade, and dynamically adjust the regulatory policies of the international tourism industry. Additionally, these countries should jointly promote the interactive development of regional economies and the international tourism industry. • The Belt and Road initiative is considered. • International tourism revenue is analyzed. • Global VAR is applied for 36 countries. • Determinants and outcomes of international tourism are identified.

The link between energy economics, consumer behaviour and tourism. A literature review

Tourism globally is a rapidly advancing industry, and this has attracted much attention from practitioners and academics. However, the interrelatedness between energy economics, consumer behaviour and tourism are a fairly under-researched phenomenon. This research therefore serves as an attempt to investigate the link between the two and explore existing literature to provide new insights into how energy resources have impacted tourism growth and development. Select tourism destinations were utilised for purposes of this research. In order to collect enough and relevant data, a selection of empirical studies on tourism and energy economics from 2000 to 2019 were systematically reviewed, analysed and discussed. Publicly accessible government and industry data sources were utilised for purposes of the study as well as academic literature popular scientific databases that include Science direct, Ebsco and Emerald. Based on findings of the research recurring themes and trends were identified. Findings provided sufficient evidence to suggest that the success of the tourism industry is dependent on effective energy policies.

Scientific approaches to the formation of management of tourist enterprises

The management system of travel companies should be adapted to a wide range of travel services, the dynamics of tourist flows, trends in the tourism market, which are constantly changing due to new trends in the behavioral and inclusive economy, the experience economy. This causes the further development of approaches to the formation, improvement of methods and technologies of management of tourism enterprises to ensure the competitiveness of individual services, tourism products, and the tourism sector as a whole. The article aims to generalize and develop scientific approaches to the formation of management systems for tourism enterprises. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the principles of modern management theory, tourism economics, the economics of experience. There was used a systematic approach to the study of the processes of formation and development of the management system of tourism enterprises and a set of methods that ensure its implementation, namely: logical generalization, synthesis, analysis, and comparison. The main result of the work is the determination of the approaches to the formation of the management of tourism enterprises and substantiate their specifics, namely: an approach based on the classical functions of management; an approach based on taking into account the peculiarities of tourist services and tourist product; an approach based on market environment signs; an approach based on the principles of microsocial management; an approach based on world management standards; security approach; an approach based on the principles of experience economics. The content of the management of tourist enterprises is based on the principles of the economy of experience, namely: consumer loyalty, close emotional connection between customers and services, personalization of the tourist product. Conclusion: promising areas for the development of tourism enterprise management systems were identified due to the study of scientific and analytical sources. It is defined that modern tourism enterprises in improving management systems should take into account new trends in inclusive development, behavioral economy, the experience economy, to ensure both an acceptable level of profitability and long-term competitiveness.

Ekonomski uticaj sportskih događaja kao nišni turistički proizvod - savremena bibliometrijska analiza

The paper provides contemporary insight into the issue of the economic impact of sporting events to contribute to the ongoing discussion related to the topic and to provide an interdisciplinary understanding beyond sports management literature. This was achieved by implementing the evaluative bibliometric analysis of papers on the economic impact of sporting events published in tourism journals indexed in the Web of Science in the period 2000-2018 years. In addition to the application of evaluative bibliometric analysis, the research includes a comprehensive annotated review of existing literature on the topic, based on the bibliography that corresponds to the research's predefined requirements. The results of the research confirm Bradford's bibliometric law, while the applicability of Price's bibliometric law was denied. In the context of the event type, findings point out that mega-events, such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup, are prevalent themes within this tourism specialization. Finally, Tourism Economics achieved the largest production of papers on the researched topic, however, Tourism Management was found to be most influential tourism journal, along with the most influential paper within this specialism published in the same journal in 2005, by Choong-Ki Lee and Tracy Taylor.

Туризм в контексте концепции макдональдизации

Tourism as a mass sociocultural practice has been developing especially actively in our country since the 90s of the XX century, when borders between countries once divided by ideological barriers were opened; international contacts at the state and personal level has been strengthening, new connections and relations, new organizations serving the diverse and growing needs of the population has been emerging. At the same time, the number of publications of various subject areas, dedicated to tourism sphere, has been growing. Scientists investigate the problems of tourism economics and management, the development of entrepreneurship in the tourism sector, legislation of tourism business, technologies for the provision of tourism services, etc. Tourism is considered in most papers as an economic phenomenon, as the most important resource for the development of the national economy. However, the problem of the concept of tourism as a socio-cultural phenomenon still requires serious comprehension. How does tourism reflect the processes that are taking place in domestic culture in connection with the processes of modernization of Russian society at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries? The answer to this question determines the relevance of the stated topic. The aim of the work is to identify the differences between tourism as a socio-cultural practice of the era of globalization and traveling of previous eras. The problem of tourism development as a socio-cultural practice is considered by the author from the standpoint of the main provisions of the theory of modernization and the theory of McDonaldization by J. Ritzer, who considers this phenomenon as a simplified form of rationality in the era of globalization. From the standpoint of the author of the article, the development and spread of tourism is associated with the establishment of capitalism on a planetary scale, which results in the penetration of capitalist relations into all spheres of culture, the McDonaldization of the socio-cultural sphere, in particular travel as an analogue of modern tourism in traditional society. Tourism activity is based on 4 basic principles of McDonaldization: economic efficiency, predictability of the consequences of certain actions, tracing the process and the result, technologically equipped control over behavior. This is what distinguishes tourism from the traveling of past eras. Tourism is an indicator that any cultural phenomenon, obeying the laws of the market, inevitably loses its spiritual, value-semantic essence and transfers from the category of cultural phenomena to the category of economic ones.

What Tourism Economists Do. Their Contribution to Understanding Tourism*

The journal Tourism Economics was established in 1995. This article is a statistical report on the topics examined by tourism economists from the inception of the journal until now. The tables and the accompanying text are meant as a guide to research and not an overview of tourism economics as a subject, for which there are several textbooks available. To maintain a sense of objectivity, only articles that were awarded ‘best paper’ recognition are cited, so in the main the discussion focuses on the popularity of research themes and areas where further investigation would appear worthwhile. It is noted that in many cases a major obstacle has been the availability of data to progress the applied nature of the discipline.

Capital Investment in Tourism: A Global Investigation

ABSTRACT This study contributes to the literature by establishing the linkages between new institutional economics, public finance theory, and tourism economics, to explore the motives of capital investment into the tourism industry. We apply panel data techniques across a global sample of 150 countries, running from 2003 through 2017, encompassing 53 Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Economies (LMEs), 44 Upper-Middle-Income Economies (UMEs), and 53 High-Income Economies (HIEs). The findings are threefold. First, government tourism expenditure, economic growth, urbanisation, working or young population rate, and UNESCO heritage sites are found to be the leading drivers of tourism investment, whereas inflation and unemployment negate this development. Second, government expenditure could have stronger effects in LMEs and UMEs, while UNESCO heritage sites are a more crucial factor for UMEs and HIEs. Finally, it is proved that institutional quality improvements significantly boost capital tourism investment in LMEs.

A Glance at Tourism Economics over the last decade

The objective is to carry out a freeze frame of the English-written literature in tourism economics from 2008 to 2019. This period is not trivial since the two crises at both ends of the spectrum are breakpoints in the continuous growth of the tourism industry. Using a disciplinary classification of reference journals and focusing on the most influential contributions for this literature, a synoptic table of the diversity of research fields in economics identifies: the main issues; the scales of analysis; the disciplinary interactions; and the methodological progress. From there, future research perspectives are outlined for the coming decade.

Economic Vulnerabilities and Livelihoods: Impact of COVID‐19 in Fiji and Vanuatu

Economic Vulnerabilities and Livelihoods: Impact of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 in Fiji and Vanuatu

우리나라 관광경제학 연구의 동향과 방향

This study aims to analyze trends in tourism economics research published to tourism and hospitality areas, and suggest research directions in the future. To this end this study searched for “tourism economics” from the database of KCI(Korea Citation Index) by Korean Research Foundation during the periods of 2002∼2020 and implemented language network analysis and visualization. Research papers of tourism economics were broadly classified by forecasting tourism demand, economic impacts, and valuation, in which major key words were derived. Results show that Journal of Tourism Sciences published the largest research papers of tourism economics(81), followed by Journal of Tourism &amp; Leisure Research(77), Korean Journal of Hospitality &amp; Tourism(46), Korean Journal of Tourism Research(39), International Journal of Tourism &amp; Hospitality Research(39), and Journal of Hospitality &amp; Tourism Studies(15). With regard to detailed fields of research papers, forecasting tourism demand was dominant, but showed a decreasing trend. Recently research papers of economic impacts indicated more increasing trend than valuation. The results of language network analysis indicate that major key words included “tourism”, “demand”, “input-output model”, “time-series”, “CVM”, “festival”, “willingness to pay(WTP)”, and “tourism demand.” The visualized results of language network show that the major key word of “tourism” was highlighted with “WTP”, “festival”, “tourist”, “multiplier”, and “time-series” during the periods of 2002∼2014. On the other hand, the major key word of “demand” was highlighted with “festival”, “tourism demand”, and “tourist“ during the periods of 2015∼2020. When comparing two periods, valuation papers were dominant in the past, but recently papers related to tourism demand and economic impacts showed an increasing trend. Furthermore, studies on festival were show a more increasing trend.

Behavioral Tourism Economics

Recently, many applications of behavioral economics (BE) have arisen from the union of psychology and of economics in many areas including product marketing (Thaler (2015), policy design (Madrian (2014), and Howlett (2019). Some examples are nudge units, which prestigious international institutions such as OECD (2017) or governmental ones (the Behavioral Insight Team (BIT) of the UK Government or the Behavioral Economic Team of the Australian Government (BETA) have established. This article first presents a systematic treatment of the main contributions of the literature on the subject with particular reference to heuristics, Kahneman (2003) and Shah and Oppenheimer (2008), and the cognitive biases Ariely (2008) and about its future trends Stjepanovic and Mihic (2018). Secondly, this paper considers real world situations to study the feasibility of BE as an instrument for describing the decision making process for tourists, entrepreneurs in the tourism sector, and how BE is used for marketing tourism products and policy design in the tourism sector. For this purpose, three case studies are examined as follows: 1. ‘Loss Aversion’ bias can affect decision-making in the tourism sector (tourists tend to give more emphasis on what may go wrong and prefer the default option rather than risk a little and choose something new); 2. ‘Scale Perception Bias’ in Tourist Satisfaction Surveys can give biased results and negatively affect entrepreneurs choices; 3. ‘Nudge approach’ (Thaler and Sunstein (2008) and Sunstein and Reisch (2017)) can is used to lessen the environmental impact of over tourism. Those instances, of what I label as Behavioral Tourism Economics on the basis of the literature on the topic (Nikolova (2019)), will show that the consideration of behavioral issues into the study of Tourism Economics will increase the explanatory power of traditional models.

20 years of Nordic tourism economics research: a review and future research agenda

ABSTRACT The number of economics-related articles in the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism (SJHT) has recently increased considerably. Despite this increase, the research efforts of Nordic economists on tourism issues have lagged behind in an international comparison. The recent increase in the number of economics-related publications in SJHT is due to better access to microdata (individual and firm data), the rapid development of statistical and econometric methods and the interest in the causes and effects of the tourism boom in the Nordic countries until recently. This article gives a brief review of the main topics of Nordic economic research that have been studied, as well as potential future research ideas (e.g. short term rentals, rising industry concentration, innovation and ICT) and data sources (big data, social media data, linked data at the micro level and register data) that can be developed and used for future studies. With the COVID-19 pandemic, general uncertainty and government intervention in the tourism sector will lead to a change in travel flows, calling for more quantitative studies. More research based on internationally comparable microdata for several Nordic countries will be particularly helpful.