Community Tourism Development Research Articles

Agro-Health Tourism Management Innovation Based on Local Wisdom to The Creative Economy Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai

This research aims to 1) manage knowledge and wisdom about the use of herbal medicine in the Ban Muang Kham community, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai Province, 2) develop herbal products and design health agro tourism activities by using the design thinking process, and 3) transfer knowledge of the developing herbal products and designing healthy agro tourism activities. The research was conducted in 3 phases, consisting of Phase 1 managing knowledge and wisdom about the use of herbal medicine in the Ban Muang Kham community, Phase 2 developing herbal products and designing health agro tourism activities by using the design thinking process, and Phase 3 transferring knowledge of herbal products and designing healthy agro tourism activities. The results of the study found that The Ban Muang Kham uses 24 types of local herbs and plants for treatment and health care. They have knowledge in processing 6 products for use in the household and for sale. The researcher has developed 3 prototype herbal products as follows: yellow oil with stretched grass tendon, herbal clay for knees, and foot soak herbs. This prototype product was developed based on the results of a survey of purchasing and demand of users and tourists. Then transfer knowledge on herbal product development through design 6 health agro-tourism courses to the community, contains a course on herbal processing to promote health tourism, product development course, packaging design course, Tong-sen massage course, course of eating according to life elements, and courses on calculating costs and selling prices. There were a total of 135 people participating in the knowledge transfer. The community should continuously drive community tourism development operations. Training in being a local tour guide to develop the potential of community tour leaders or tour guides to welcome tourists. Coordinate and create a network for community tourism development operations with local government organizations and local and provincial tourism partners to enhance community potential and strength. And improve the landscape to impress tourists or people who come to visit.

Bird Watching Tourism in Sustainable and Accessible Destinations: The Case of the Entrepreneurial Venture Explora Caloccita in the Mexican Pacific Coast

Summary Bird watching is an activity that may prompt sustainable tourism development in remote communities. This case study lays out some lessons learned from the entrepreneurship case Explora Caloccita, a young venture offering bird watching to tourists in the Mexican Pacific coast. This case is based on descriptive research, laying out the practitioners’ insights and analysing the supply of experiences related to bird watching. The innovative vision of the entrepreneurs, the financial and logistical backing by the local hotel La Quinta, and the support of residents and local tour operators allow for the conclusion that bird-watching tourism has been, in this particular case, a sustainable economic alternative. Furthermore, the entrepreneurship Explora Caloccita is embedded in a destination that strongly supports accessible tourism, sustainable local development and nature preservation. The venture and the place’s sustainability are both possible thanks to the strong connections among all stakeholders and residents in the area, as locals also support the bird-watching routes and thus contribute to the conservation of the native and migrant bird species. Information © The Authors 2023

Strategies to promote sustainable community tourism development in Casas Viejas Commune, Manabí, Ecuador

This study investigates strategies to promote sustainable development of community-based tourism in Comuna Casas Viejas. Community-based tourism aims to enhance local quality of life through participation and equitable income distribution. However, the community has faced economic challenges due to deteriorating tourism infrastructure. This article proposes strategies to address these issues. The influence of key stakeholders such as local institutions, governments, and organizations was analyzed. Additionally, benefits in economic, environmental, and socio-cultural domains were examined. Citizen participation was deemed essential for decision-making and community integration. To revitalize tourism, infrastructure restoration and sustainable waste management and conservation practices are suggested. Collaboration with governmental and non-governmental organizations is paramount to ensure long-term success. It is concluded that the effective implementation of these strategies can contribute to economic recovery, environmental conservation, and the strengthening of local cultural identity. Collaboration among the community, institutions, and external actors is crucial to achieving sustainable community-based tourism in Comuna Casas Viejas. This study offers a holistic approach to addressing community-based tourism challenges and can serve as a guide for other communities interested in developing sustainable and beneficial tourism practices for all stakeholders involved.

Gaze and Narratives on Heritage Values: Discarding the Views of Host Communities in Africa

There has been a conflict of perceptions on heritage values. This has stalled the development of some natural heritage resources in parts of Africa. This study argues that the host perception is paramount in the responsive development of heritage resources within their localities. However, this study investigated the values of undeveloped natural heritage resources in Abia State, Nigeria, from a rural gaze and narratives. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions and detailed observation were employed for the study. Findings showed that these natural heritage resources have domestic, agricultural, leisure and protective values according to the host, who also supports possible development programmes for these resources. This has posited rural gaze and narrative as focal in understanding the values of undeveloped heritage resources. The study further proposed the concept of the Rural Heritage Approach (RHA). This concept is focused on a prior understanding of the peculiar nature of heritage values in traditional African societies through rural gaze and narratives before development initiatives. This study has implications for responsible rural tourism development in most African communities.

PROBLEMATIKA PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA BUDAYA DI DESA PULAU MARINGKIK

Cultural tourism or "cultural tourism" in Maringkik as one of the strategies to reduce regional and economic development inequality, where this tourism is managed by community groups that collaborate with the government, as well as institutions outside the government. Community-based social tourism can be a tool for nature conservation and reducing cultural assimilation. This research is an activity that focuses on examining and analyzing the traditions and culture of the Maringkik people from the perspective of community tourism development. This problem is studied with the aim of increasing the knowledge of the Maringkik community regarding the management of tourism potential and its contribution to the development of new knowledge on alternative forms of tourism. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative using a participant approach, where data collection uses surveys and qualitative methods. The survey was conducted by means of interviews with the community and village structures of Maringkik Island using the old method. The data is tabulated and processed then described. To evaluate the characteristics of “cultural tourism”, a survey is designed for tourism facility providers that will be formed by the community and providers. A survey was also conducted to determine the population and economic level of the community. With surveys and qualitative studies, data related to the potential for traditional and cultural tourism owned by the Maringkik people can be mapped quite comprehensively. The results of this study are that the tourism potential in Maringkik is related to two things, firstly discovering the traditions and culture of the local community, secondly, the tourism potential in Maringkik cannot be separated from the beach and the gills.

Generational challenges of resident-destination bonding

This article explores how generational challenges of resident-destination bonding diversify, evolve, and persist for small host communities. The research analyses two qualitative case studies with distinctive and contrasting contexts of intergenerational differences, migration patterns, and socio-political contexts. Three findings are highlighted for theoretical and practical implications. First, destination locals and migrants vary their generational experiences of emplaced frustration, troubled rootedness, lived outsidedness, and forced displacement. Second, the evolution of intergenerational destination challenges is co-influenced differently by politico-economic configuration, population geographic mobility and community tourism development. Third, the role of local tourism must be considered in addressing persistent community issues, including troubled rootedness in young adulthood, ageing with emplaced frustration, and migrants' continuing sense of outsidedness over the life course.

What if the local community is already well-off enough? Stakeholders’ conflicts over sustainable tourism development in remote communities

PurposeThis study aims to explore community involvement in sustainable tourism development (STD) at Siwa Oasis, Egypt, and examines the perspectives of local communities, visitors and governmental decision makers concerning the area’s STD plans. It provides a brief discussion on the stakeholders’ conflict of interest alongside exploring the costs and benefits of STDs for the community. This study examines the area’s problems and challenges and expands the discussion on STD by providing a deep understanding of the oasis context, which involves a broad range of issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this exploratory study, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with three groups of stakeholders (local community, governmental decision makers and visitors) to investigate the current practices of STD and the future vision for the area. Data were coded and interpreted using thematic analysis.FindingsThis paper provides empirical insights into how STDs can be practised in an oasis context. It suggests there is a conflict between the governmental vision for the area and the community’s needs that could lead to a failure to implement STDs. Themes related to environmental, social and economic STD dimensions are discussed. The findings provide managerial and practical implications for decision makers on the promotion of STDs in remote communities.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the chosen research approach, the results may lack generalizability. Therefore, future studies are encouraged to test the study’s propositions further by using a mixed-methods approach, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.Practical implicationsThis paper has implications for STD within an oasis context, particularly concerning balancing the economic, environmental, political and social aspects of STD.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study how STD can be practised when most of the local community is already comparatively well-off economically.

Strengthening of Community Tourism Enterprises as a Means of Sustainable Development in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Community Tourism Development in Chimborazo

Community tourism (CT) constitutes a management model for tourism practice within communities, which was consolidated within Ecuador through the Plurinational Federation of Community Tourism of Ecuador (FEPTCE), with the Corporation for the Development of Community Tourism of Chimborazo (CORDTUCH) as the central network in the province of Chimborazo. This network, with 14 years of experience, has been committed to tourism as a mechanism for the diversification of the productive matrix of the peasant and indigenous communities that comprise it, integrating 1772 direct beneficiaries articulated in 10 CT organizations. Thus, they have managed to support actions related to land management, the equitable distribution of benefits, the valuation of natural and cultural heritage, and the organizational strengthening of communities. This support has contributed to the consolidation of “Alli Kawsay,” that is, working to achieve a full life for these human groups, generating an integral sustainability of their spaces, and contributing to the fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from this other Andean perspective. The methodology employed focused on participatory action research (PAR), which allows for listening and obtaining information directly from key actors, recognizing the existence of knowledge that has not been published that corresponds to peoples’ ancestral knowledge. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of the current reality of CT within CORDTUCH, as well as the strengthening achieved in the community enterprises that comprise it. Among the main results achieved, it is highlighted that CT has become, for these communities, a tool of insurgency against extractive activities and the advance of the agricultural frontier that threatens these spaces, showing that the territories can be exploited under other approaches and through innovative proposals.

Mathematical modeling of tourism development in territorial communities

In this paper, the problems of development of associations of territorial communities in the tourism direction of economic development are considered. The object of research is the improvement of territorial communities on the example of Ukraine. One of the most problematic places is the lack of funds for the development of existing large tourist complexes and the creation of new ones. The study uses the idea that tourism development has a direct stimulating effect on the development of a number of important economic sectors. The use of a mathematical apparatus is also considered, which allows to analyze the main factors influencing the development of the tourism industry of territorial communities. A comprehensive solution of economic, social and environmental issues of sustainable tourism development is impossible without the development of mathematical models and supporting tools that allow predicting the main indicators of sustainable tourism development. The paper considers PLS-PM modeling using such internal consistency criteria as Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, Dillon-Goldstein coefficient ρ, model reliability, mean variance. The purpose of the PLS-PM model is to obtain estimates of latent variables for further forecasting procedures for the development of the system. The processes taking place in the tourism industry are characterized by a complex interaction of economic, environmental and social factors. Their influence should be taken into account for the implementation of the sustainable tourism development strategy. The analysis of the model was also carried out with the help of a single coefficient of quality of the correspondence of the data model, which characterizes the quality of the internal and external models of the system. Thanks to the listed tools, the statement is formed that the regulation of key factors of the tourism sector of the economic sector can have a positive impact on the development of national culture and economy in the united territorial communities. The created mathematical model clearly forms the conclusion that the development of tourism in local communities can become the engine of their sustainable economic development, given the available regional conditions.

Investigating Sporting Event as a Self-development Option Through Rural Tourism Development in Southeast, Nigeria

This study investigated the potentialities of rural sports (with emphasis on the popular yuletide sporting events) with regard to sports tourism development in rural communities of Southeast Nigeria. Four paradigms (perceptions, arrivals, impacts and safety issues) were used for this investigation. However, ten rural communities with a history of such events were conveniently sampled from the five states of the region in Nigeria. Yaro Yemene’s formula aided the sampling of 400 respondents for the distribution of semi-structured questionnaires. In addition, cluster and purposive sampling techniques were further used to select forty key informants for the study. Chi Square and descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of data. The result of the study shows that this yuletide sporting event has potentialities to enhance sports tourism development in the rural areas judging from the information from the four paradigms. The implication of the study is that it has opened another self-development option for rural communities in Nigeria. This study has contributed to responsive rural development in traditional African communities through the opportunities of local sports.

Rural Tourism and Inclusive Development in Port St. Johns - South Africa

The purpose of this study was to explore ways of achieving an inclusive approach to tourism development in rural communities. Although tourism has generally been recommended as a means of orchestrating development in rural communities, achieving this laudable goal has often been illusive due to the fragmented approach adopted by tourism stakeholders. An exploratory quantitative research approach was adopted by using a structured survey instrument to generate 307 valid responses from community members in Port St. John in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa. Results obtained reveal similarities and some differences based on demographic characteristics with regards to the benefits of rural tourism to the community. Importantly, the study illuminates the fragmented way in which residents perceive tourism benefits, both from a gender perspective and personal benefit versus community dichotomy. The paper discusses policy as well as practical local economic development implications.

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COMMUNITIES’ SUPPORT: RURAL COMMUNITIES’ PERSPECTIVE

Rural tourist destinations are a growing segment of global tourism. The rural communities in these destinations play a major role in delivering tourist services, attractions, and accommodation. Any tourism development, therefore, requires host community support if it is to attain long term success. The proposed study aims to investigate tourism development through communities’ support in the context of rural communities’ perspectives. The Social Exchange Theory was employed to develop the conceptual framework for this study. A total of 266 residents from sampled households at rural communities in a developing country were surveyed. The study employed the Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis. The findings of this study revealed that the community’s participation in the decision-making of tourism matters has a significant influence on residents’ support for tourism development. Tourism stakeholders as well as rural host communities will benefit from these findings which will outline how community’s participation in tourism decision-making influence them to be supportive for tourism development. This study analyses the direct effect of host communities’ perceived positive and negative impacts of tourism, participation in tourism decision making towards support for tourism development, and perceived positive impacts towards community participation. A quantitative survey method was carried out to collect data for testing the significance of the proposed relationships in the conceptual framework of the study. The study recruited rural host communities at the Dhangmari village located in the district of Khulna in Bangladesh. Host communities’ perceived positive and negative impacts of tourism can influence them to support for tourism development in rural communities. Notably, community participation in tourism decision-making process has a greater role to enhance host communities’ support towards tourism development in rural communities as it assists to alleviate their confusion and conflict on such a development, particularly, in developing countries. This study further explored an indirect effect of community participation in tourism decision making between host communities’ positive impacts of tourism and support for tourism development. Thus, local authorities should provide more opportunities for host communities to be involved both in tourism operations and decision-making process.

Indigenous communities engaging in tourism development in Arizona, USA

ABSTRACT Informed by an asset-based community development framework, the purpose of this exploratory study is to understand the approaches/goals and challenges related to tourism development in Indigenous communities located in Arizona. Tourism representatives from eight Indigenous communities were interviewed. A key emergent theme was the creation of awareness for endogenous and exogenous audiences, which was accomplished by educating hosts and tourists. Provision of knowledge for the former encompassed accounting for revenue generation opportunities as well as the prioritization of the community’s values/needs. Didactic efforts geared towards tourists entailed dismantling stereotypes of Indigenous Peoples, promulgated by dominant society while simultaneously orienting guests to the richness and distinctness of Native communities. Participants mentioned challenges that limit tourism growth such as lack of needed infrastructure, and absence of product ideation, as well as lack of a skilled or willing local labor force. Mitigation efforts, according to participants, have to align with Indigenous cosmologies so as to maintain support from the community and to foster Indigenously informed sustainable approaches to tourism.

Management Principle of Lake Toba Tourism Destination: Local People's Perception

In tourism development, community participation is very important. Community participation does not just appear but must start from the correct perception of tourism. The local community, with all their perceptions about tourism management, have already been involved in tourism management. The aim of the research is: 1) to find out the local people's perception to the principal tourism destination management 2) to find out the model of sustainable tourism development in Simanindo District, Samosir Regency. The type of research is social survey and descriptive-quantitative. The technique used in sampling is the Franc Lynch method, with a sample of 95 people as respondents, aged 15-64 years was obtained. The data type used represents primary by using a questionnaire with a Likert scale in each question. Data analysis techniques were using value perception and multiple regression analysis. The result from this research showed: 1) The percentage of the average value of the independent variable is 85%, this means that the perception of the local community on the principles of managing Lake Toba tourist destinations are in positive or good areas 2) Sustainable tourism development has a positive relationship and is influenced simultaneously by service, attraction, human resources, environment, and participation. Therefore, the model of sustainable tourism development should be stressed on the attraction and the human resource in the Simanindo District. Keywords: Community tourism development, sustainable community, sustainable tourism.

Development of a Scale to Measure Intrapersonal Psychological Empowerment to Participate in Local Tourism Development: Applying the Sociopolitical Control Scale Construct to Tourism (SPCS-T)

Future tourism development must be guided by thoughtful and effective policies that represent the interests of a majority of community members to maximize the positive and minimize the negative impact on communities. Effective policies rely on the support of an engaged citizenry made up of residents who feel psychologically empowered. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a topic-specific measure of sociopolitical control in order to provide a reliable quantitative tool to evaluate tourism development in host communities. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded indices of an acceptable model fit that support the construct validity of a revised Sociopolitical Control Scale for Tourism (SPCS-T). The present study provides empirical evidence that policymakers and researchers interested in gauging support for future tourism policies can successfully apply the SPCS-T in the tourism context.

Co-flourishing: Intertwining community resilience and tourism development in destination communities

This paper contributes to the understanding of community resilience in tourism development in the destination community. Accordingly, we propose a ‘co-flourishing’ framework integrating community resilience and tourism development by mobilising six types of community capital – human, social, natural, physical, financial, and psychological – which strengthen community capacity during disturbances or crises. We argue that the existing understanding of the tourism system tends to be resource-driven and market-oriented. Such approaches neglect the needs of the destination community, which should have adequate resources for its goal of providing a good life for its members. We first review the six forms of community capital and their implications for community resilience, and argue that tourism development has a negative impact on various kinds of community capital – particularly in destination communities. Hence, we propose a co-flourishing framework which advocates a paradigm change in tourism development to cater to the capital needs of the community. The proposed framework highlights practical long-term policy suggestions for tourism development and planning. We identify further necessary research is needed to accumulate empirical evidence to better apply the co-flourishing framework in various development scenarios in both developing and developed economies.

DIGITAL PUBLIC RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL TOURISM: CASE OF CHALOEM PHRAKIAT DISTRICT OF NAN PROVINCE

The tourism sector has considerably increased in Nan province in last few years, and has made major contribution to the Nan province due it natural beauty and beautiful landscape. Agricultural tourism has emerged as new tourism attraction in this region. Thai government has initiated many agricultural tourism projects for increasing revenue of Thai people in rural and agricultural areas and give tourists insight and experience of rural life. This paper is designed to examine the agricultural tourism development in Chaloem Phra kiat District. This paper tests the relationship between digital public relation, sense of community and agricultural tourism development in case of Chaloem Phrakiat District. The data was collected from 351 respondents which was analyzed on structural equation modeling on SPSS to check hypothetical relationship among proposed research frame. The findings advocated that personal relationship, community relationship, professional relationship and agricultural tourism development are significantly correlated. Sense of community also intervenes the connection between these variables. The paper advances literature on Digital public relations and agricultural tourism in Thailand. This paper will benefit public relation experts and government of community building in Chaloem Phra kiat District.

The Development of Tourism Entrepreneurship for Community Based Tourism in Thailand

The research aims to emphasize the entrepreneurship in community tourism development and to identify guideline of enhancing tourism entrepreneurship for community based tourism of Thailand. The research design was quantitative research. The samples consisted of 175 people living in the community, entrepreneurs in the community, government officials, folk philosopher, and community leaders who have tourism operations. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The major findings showed that an approach in the development of tourism entrepreneurship adhering to Community Based Tourism should focus on the development of 5 groups, namely 1) Community-based tourism management 2) Economic society and quality of life management 3) Conservation and promotion of community cultural heritage 4) A sustainable system management of natural resources and the environment and 5) Community based tourism services. This result shows the importance of entrepreneurial tourism for Community Based Tourism. It is essential reading for both tourism and entrepreneurship

Service Learning As Community Development? Local Resident Perspectives of Community-engaged Educational Travel

There is strong body of literature exploring community member and resident perspectives on tourism that has emerged from numerous locations across the globe. Yet virtually none of this writing explores the role of repeat community-engaged service learning with local communities. What theory does exist on the topic indicates that increased rates of community member participation yield more positive viewpoints on community–program partnerships. Engagement in this form of tourism development in communities may have an influence on participation in the community institutions that have the most ability to influence local development outcomes. This qualitative, ethnographic study fills this gap in the literature by analyzing community members' emic perspectives of a recurring educational service learning program to a lesser developed region of Costa Rica. Surprisingly, community residents do not view educational service learning as a form of tourism, though they do see it as valuable for setting the stage for desired tourism development in the future. Findings also indicate community members' involvement in key institutions makes it more likely that they perceive the impact of students in the community positively. As the first study to analyze educational service learning travel from a community development and resident perspective, this work will provide a valuable theoretical contribution relevant to those engaged in this form of travel across the Global South.

Entrepreneurial Engagement of Women in Selected Tourism Areas in the Philippines

<p>This study analyzed the entrepreneurial engagements of women in 2 selected tourism areas in the Philippines. Specifically, it examined the respondents’ profile and their business; assessed the women’s enterprises as to employment generation, promotion of sociocultural authenticity of host community, support to agricultural and coastal endowments of the area, and economic empowerment of women. The women’s engagement in tourism-related enterprises may be a manifestation of a sense of ownership, themselves being born and growing up in the locality. They expressed a sense of pride especially in receiving outsiders whom they regarded as visitors of their home community. They articulated that their livelihood helped promote their way of life, place, resources and products. Most women’s enterprises in Tigaon were highly dependent on tourism. Although the same may be said of Caramoan, the women there were more enterprising and possessed some level of business resilience as they had set up other enterprises to get by while tourists were not around. More entrepreneurs from Caramoan than Tigaon came across tourists from other regions and abroad. The women’s engagements were isolated from the mainstream of the tourism industry. Their businesses were struggling amidst strong and stable competition from big capitalists who owned the resorts, hotels and food businesses. Data revealed that the livelihood activities of women were still very small and minimal. Consequently, the enterprises had insignificant and negligible generation of employment. The gender-based issues faced by the respondents were those that relate to reproductive work such as tight household budget, home concerns, sickness in the family and too much work. Tourism development in both communities should give preferential option for small entrepreneurs. The women may organize themselves to enhance social capital.</p>