Total WBC Count Research Articles

Haematological Profile of Preterm Neonates:An Experience of A Specialized Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: A complete blood count(CBC) elements that are abnormally high or low can influence our clinical decisions. However, the reference ranges for the various CBC elements in neonates change considerably in respect to gestational age.Objective: To observe and correlate gestational agerelated changes in the haematological profileof the preterm neonates.Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted between July 2007 and January 2008 in collaboration between Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 49 preterm newborns of different gestational age (28 males and 21 females) included in this study.They were divided into three groups based on their gestational age: group I (30 weeks; n=11), group II (31-33 weeks; n=17) and group III (34-36 weeks; n=21). Within 48 hours of delivery, 1 ml venous blood was collected from each neonate and was sent to the Department of Clinical Pathology of the same hospital. Complete blood count (CBC) was done by using Abbott’s Cell-Dyn 3200 Automated Hematology Analyzer.Results: Significant differences were observed in total count of RBC, WBC, and platelet among those three groups. However, differential count of WBC, heamoglobin level, and haematocrit value among those three groups showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Gestational age showed a positive correlation with total count of RBC (r=0.216; P<0.05). Gestational age had also a positive correlation with neutrophil (r=0.448; P<0.001). Besides, gestational age was negatively correlated with lymphocyte (r=-0.389; P<0.001) However, gestational age did not bear any correlation with total count of WBC, monocyte, and eosinophil. Finally, gestational age was found to bear a positive correlation with heamoglobin level (r=0.412; P<0.001) and haematocrit value (r=0.382; P<0.001).Conclusion: Our data suggest that differences exist in different haematological parameters among preterm neonates of different gestational age.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July’22 Page: 275-279

Utility of Red Cell and Platelet Indices Evaluation of Severity of Dengue Infection

Context: Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral illness in humans and transmitted by aedes aegypti. Infection may be asymptomatic or present with a mild febrile illness to a life-threatening shock syndrome and diagnosed by virological tests, serological tests, and complete blood count.
 Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of red cell and platelet indices to assess disease activity and severity of dengue infection.
 Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at a tertiary level teaching hospital in Central Gujarat, India from November 2019 to August 2021.100 dengue positive cases and 100 controls (dengue negative case) were consecutively sampled. Epidemiological, clinical data and complete blood count were collected from online and offline registers of the Central Diagnostic Laboratory. Chi square test, independent sample T – test and Karl pearson coefficient of correlation were used for statistical analysis.
 Results: Dengue cases have frequently presented with fever 32.65% or fever with chills / rigor 66.33%, headache 37.76%, body ache 44.90% and bleeding manifestations like petechiae 5.10% and bleeding from gum, nose and rectum 5.15%. while, 18% cases have ascites and 07% cases were found to have pleural effusion in dengue positive cases. Haemoconcentration, fall in total WBC count, platelet count and plateletcrit have significant statistical association with severity of dengue infection. Platelet count was directly proportional to plateletcrit in dengue positive cases.
 Conclusion: Significant statistical association was presented between degree of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, haemoconcentration and fall in plateletcrit with severity of dengue infection whereas plateletcrit has positive correlation with platelet count in dengue infection.

High Counts in Hematologic Malignancies Predict Low Metaphase Yield for Cytogenetic Analysis.

This study examined the impact of various preanalytical variables on metaphase yield in hematologic malignancies. Marrow samples from patients with hematologic malignancies that were subjected to cytogenetic analysis were categorized into two groups: one with samples that yielded an adequate number of metaphases, defined as at least 20, and a second with a low number of metaphases (LNM), having fewer than 20 metaphases. Age, sex, bone marrow nucleated cell (MNC) count, and peripheral blood counts (hemoglobin, total WBC count, and platelet count) were analyzed for an association with LNM. Of 455 samples, 17% (79/455) belonged to the LNM group, including 6% (27/455) that yielded no metaphases. MNCs and WBCs were higher in the LNM group (P < .001 for both). MNCs were higher in LNM groups in both acute myeloid leukemia (P = .008) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (P = .001). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed moderate prediction of MNC and WBC counts for LNM with areas under the curves of 0.7. Other analyzed parameters showed no significant associations with LNM. Low metaphase yields occur frequently in hematologic malignancies with high counts. This could reflect biological characteristics of these malignancies that merit further investigation.

The Antioxidant and Hematopoietic Effects of the Methanolic Extract Fractions of Ocimum basilicum in Acetaminophen-Induced Albino Rats

This study investigated the antioxidant properties of the fractions of the methanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum (OB) and their effects on the hematological parameters of acetaminophen-induced albino rats. Using vacuum liquid chromatography, the methanolic extract of OB was separated into four fractions (i, ii, iii, and iv) and studied using the DPPH and FRAP assays. Selected fractions ii and iv with the highest antioxidant activities for the animal study. Forty-two albino rats were divided into seven treatment groups (GP) of six animals each, subdivided into three replicates with two rats each. For seven days, rats in GP1 and GP2 were administered water and silymarin (1000mg/kg), gave those in GP4 and GP5 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of fraction ii, respectively, while gave those in GP6 and GP7 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg of fraction iv respectively. Rats in GP3 were administered 750mg/kg of acetaminophen (per os) on day eight only. The results showed that, in comparison with the control groups (1, 2, and 3), rats in GRP4 showed increased (P&lt;0.05) hemoglobin concentration and total WBC count while GRP5 had increased (P&lt;0.05) PCV and MCV. Rats in GRP 6 showed increased (P&lt;0.05) MCV and MCHC compared to the control group, while those in GRP7 showed decreased (P&lt;0.05) PCV and MCV compared with the positive control. It was concluded that the free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract fractions of OB increased in a dose-dependent manner and high doses (1000mg/kg) of fraction ii showed increased hematopoietic activity.

Innate and Acquired Cellular Immunity in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Treated with Simvastatin.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the influence of simvastatin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) on parameters of cellular immunity. Twenty-six children with FH were included, of which thirteen were treated with 10 mg simvastatin for at least 26 weeks, and thirteen were age- and sex-matched with a low-cholesterol diet only. Total WBC count and lipid profile were measured. Flow cytometry was used to identify lymphocyte subsets and determine the expression of adhesion molecules (AM) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) on leukocytes. No differences were found in the basic values of peripheral blood count and subpopulations of lymphocytes between groups. The percentage of granulocytes with the expression of AM was higher in those treated with statins. The TLR-2 expression on granulocytes and monocytes showed higher values, whereas the TLR-4 expression was lower on lymphocytes and granulocytes in simvastatin-treated children. Treatment with simvastatin in children with FH is not associated with alterations in the amounts of granulocytes and monocytes. There is no association between statin treatment and the pattern of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. The role of AM and TLRs needs further investigation, given the effect of statins on the innate immunity may be important for their efficacy and safety during growth.

Bluetongue Virus Infection of Goats: Re-Emerged European Serotype 8 vs. Two Atypical Serotypes.

In recent years, numerous atypical Bluetongue virus (BTV) strains have been discovered all around the world. Atypical BTV strains are phylogenetically distinct from the classical BTV serotypes 1–24 and differ in terms of several biological features. For the first time, the atypical strains BTV-25-GER2018 and BTV-33-MNG3/2016 as well as the re-emerged classical strain BTV-8-GER2018 were evaluated comparatively in a pathogenesis study in goats—the natural host of atypical BTV. A substantial number of in-contact animals were included in this study to detect potential contact transmissions of the virus. After infection, EDTA blood, ocular, nasal and oral swab samples as well as serum were collected regularly and were used for virological and serological analyses, respectively. Our study showed differences in the immunological reaction between the two atypical BTV strains (no group-specific antibody detection) and the classical BTV strain BTV-8-GER2018 (group-specific antibody detection). Furthermore, we observed an increase in the total WBC count (neutrophils and lymphocytes) in goats infected with the atypical BTV strains. No horizontal transmission was seen for all three strains. Our study suggests that the atypical BTVs used in the trial differ from classical BTVs in their immunopathogenesis. However, no evidence of direct contact transmission was found.

Safety and efficacy of favipiravir for the management of COVID-19 patients: A preliminary randomized control trial.

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease, commonly called COVID-19, has already killed millions of lives. Our study aimed to identify a safe and right drug for the management of such globally threatened COVID-19.MethodsThis preliminary double-blinded randomized controlled trial was done among 57 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the early stage of their illness. Of them, 29 patients received Favipiravir (FVP) and the remaining 28 patients received a placebo under the standard of care. Among the patients, 4 from Favipiravir (FVP) group and 3 from the placebo group were discontinued. The patients were observed regularly for a period of 10 days.ResultIn our study, the FVP treated group showed accelerated viral clearance compared to the placebo-treated group. Assessment of chest X-ray showed remarkable improvement of pheumonia patient in group A compared to Group B. Hematological and Biochemical parameters such as total WBC count, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were examined. No significant differences in the hematological parameters such as WBC count, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in Group A and Group B patients. Liver transaminases levels were also stable in FVP treated group (average ALT ranges 39.4–46.2; AST 28.2–32.8).ConclusionThe drug Favipiravir displayed remarkable improvements in the clinical conditions and recovery of COVID-19 patients at the early stages of their infections.

Environmental, Biochemical and Hematological study in rats exposed to Cadmium Chloride in Drinking Water and the role of Vitamin E and C

The present study was carried out to determine the synergistic role of vitamin E and vitamin C in reducing the toxic effects of cadmium chloride on some blood parameters (RBC count, Hb concentration, PCV, Total WBC count, Differential WBC count), as well as some biochemical parameters which include (Malondialdehyde (MDA), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Creatinin, Urea) and some antioxidants (Superoxidedismutase(SOD), Glutathion-S-transferase(GST), Catalase(CAT). Forty adult male rats were divided into five equal groups. The first group was left without any treatment (the control group), the second was given cadmium chloride (30mg/L), the third was given cadmium chloride and vitamin E simultaneously, the fourth was given cadmium chloride and vitamin C simultaneously, the fifth was given cadmium chloride, vitamin E and vitamin C simultaneously. The results showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) in (RBC count, Hb concentration, PCV) and a significant increase (P <0.05) in WBC count (neutrophils and eosinophils). On the other hand, the results also showed an increase (P <0.05) in the concentration of (ALT, AST, ALP, Urea, Creatinine, and MDA)and a significant decrease in antioxidants(SOD, CAT, GST) in (T1) compared with the control group. On the other hand, the results showed a noticeable improvement in the parameters studied when using vitamin E and vitamin C alone or together with cadmium chloride, and this indicates the therapeutic role played by vitamins in reducing the toxicity caused by cadmium chloride

Outcome Prediction and Severity of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) on the Basis of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters

Background: Laboratory parameters play a key role in triaging, predicting disease course, severity and may determine prognosis COVID-19 patients. Material and methods: Aim and Objectives : To study the relation of clinical and laboratory parameters (total WBC count, neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio, serum ferritin, serum D-dimer, serum LDH, CRP, ESR) with severity and outcome of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Sample size : It was a time-bound study conducted over 3 months (1 st April to 30 th June, 2020). A total of 206 patients will be included in this study satisfying the inclusion criteria. Study design : This was a prospective, observational and non-interventional study conducted on patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Statistical Analysis : Data will be analyzed for mean, percentage, standard deviation, and chi-square test for quantitative data by using appropriate statistical tests using INSTAT software version 8.0 (trial version) and p-value &lt; 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Results: Total of 206 patients of both genders were included in the present study. Total 141 (68.44%) patients were males and 65 (31.55%) patients were females (Chi Sq. 56.07; DF:1; p &lt; 0.001). Among all the groups according to the severity of illness, ‘D’ group was the most common group (n = 99; 45.06%). Age &gt; 60 years (17.48%), obesity (13.11%), hypertension (10.19%), COPD (5.83%), and diabetes mellitus (5.83%) were the most frequent risk factors or comorbidities associated with COVID-19 disease. Many patients had multiple risk factors in the present study. The majority (3/4 th ) of the patients were in C and D group (moderate) with co-morbidities and about 1/4 th were in the severe group. Total 5 (2.43%) patients with COVID-19 patients succumbed to death with an overall case fatality rate of 2.43%. The case fatality rate was significantly higher among the patients with risk factors or comorbidities (p = 0.0124). Late presentation, associated comorbidity, advancing age, High level of ferritin, D-dimer, CRP, PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio less than 100 at the time of admission were associated with mortality. The terminal event in patients who have succumbed was bradycardia followed by cardiorespiratory arrest. The cause of death was ARDS with bilateral extensive pneumonia. Conclusions: Late presentation, associated comorbidity like diabetes mellitus, advancing age, High level of ferritin, D-dimer, CRP, PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio less than 100 at the time of admission were associated with mortality. The terminal event in patients who have succumbed was bradycardia followed by cardiorespiratory arrest. The cause of death was ARDS with bilateral extensive pneumonia.

Metabolic changes of lymphocytes in a rat model of autoimmunity

Autoimmune diseases are highly prevalent in humans, being characterized by early onset and high risks of disability, thus determining the relevance of the present work and its aim, i.e., studying metabolic characteristics of lymphocytes upon the adjuvant-induced autoimmune disorder in rats. Modeling of the autoimmune process was performed in Wistar rats by subcutaneous administration of a Freund’s complete adjuvant, i.e., water-oil emulsion with heat-killed M. tuberculosis. Hematology testing (complete blood counts), biochemical markers (hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase), and cytobiochemical changes in lymphocytes (lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase; LDH, SDH) were followed in dynamics. X-ray examination was performed at the end of the experiment. At the initial stage of autoimmune arthritis (2 weeks), leukocytosis was registered (26.12±2.30 × 109/L, i.e., 65% over the controls, p &lt; 0.01), thrombocytosis (675±30 × 109/L, compared with 536±27 × 109/L in controls, p &lt; 0.01), and oxidative stress were also observed (hydroperoxides increased by 7%, and MDA, by 32%, p &lt; 0.001); energy levels of the lymphocytes increased due to activation of LDH by 6.5%, and SDH, by 49% against the controls. At chronic stage of the disorder (7 weeks), the systemic inflammation was milder (total WBC counts of 19.6±1.40 × 109/L, compared with 13.68±0.86 × 109 /L in controls, p &lt; 0.01, associated with shift to the right in differential conuts), along with persisting oxidative stress (MDA exceeds the control levels by 37%; decrease in catalase activity), and lower LDH activity in lymphocytes (by 43%, p &lt; 0.01) associated by their decrease in size (the correlation quotient between the lymphocyte radius and LDH activity is rxy= 0.87). Profound molecular changes were observed in the cell energy supply: the respiratory quotient for control animals (LDH/SDH ratio) varied within 4.6-5.0. Meanwhile, in autoimmune animals, metabolic contribution of glycolysis showed a significant decrease (the quotient of 3.2 by the 2ndweek, and 2.4 by the 7thweek). On the radiograph by 7thweek, the experimental animals show uneven joint space narrowing, cyst-like formations and subchondral sclerosis of the bone heads. Autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis in rats is characterized by metabolic disorders of lymphocytes manifesting as general energy deficiency, and imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. These findings allow of deeper insight into pathogenesis and suggesting further search for molecular targeted therapy and prevention of the disease.

Acute Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A Review of 100 Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background: ALL is a malignancy of B or T lymphoblasts which is characterized by unrestrained spread of abnormal, immature lymphocytes and their progenitors which results in the replacement of bone marrow and other lymphoid organs subsequently. Methods: This study was a observational cross sectional study conducted at the Department of Hematology, in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study period was from October 2019- September 2020. The sample size for this study was 100. Result: Most of the respondents 53(53%) were from &lt;20 years and the mean age was 30±11.18. The female was 68(68%) and male was 32(32%). Fever was found in 100% cases and Progressive pallor in 98%. Bony tenderness was found in 58 cases and followed by Splenomegaly 48, Lymphadenopathy in 46, Oral ulcer in 46, Hepatomegaly in 36. The range of Total WBC count (x109/L) was (6-435) and the Mean±SD was 52.51±78.70 and followed by Hb% (gm/dl) was (4.1-13.4) and 9.25±1.49, Platelet (x109/L) was (5-20000) and 505.20±2815.29. S. uric acid (mg/dL) was (1.40-30.03) and 5.76±4.61. S. inorganic phosphate (mg/dL) was (2.30-7.70) and 4.19±1.20. S. potassium (mmol/L) (2.50-5.40) and 3.92±0.56. S. calcium (mg/dL) was (1.10-11.80) and 8.33±2.08. S. creatinine (mg/dL) was (0.19-3.59) and 89±0.55. In 72% TLS was absent and in 28% was present. Conclusions: Rapid spread of TLS often causes severe toxic effects on organs, which leads to renal impairment, epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, and even death.

Aspirin Protective Effect on Cyclophosphamide Induced Hematological Toxicity

Bone marrow toxicity is the most important factor limiting the use of cytotoxic drugs like alkylating agents in cancer treatment. Recently PG synthase enzyme inhibitors have been reported to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of these agents on cancer cells but little is known if they can affect the toxicity of these agents on bone marrow or other tissues. Cyclophosphamide is one of the most commonly used alkylating agent. In the present work, the effect of these PG synthase enzyme inhibitors, aspirin on cyclophosphamide myelotoxicity was determined employing the peripheral blood count to reflect bone marrow injury. The effect on body weight changes caused by cyclophosphamide was also determined. Cyclophosphamide in doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg i. v. produced as a dose dependent reduction in total WBC count, granulocyte, non granulocyte, and Hb% which was maximum on second day after injection and still present on 5th day post injection. It also produced a dose dependent reduction in body weight on day 5 after injection. Aspirin in doges of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg i. m. protected against the reduction in WBC counts 'measured for 5 days after injection of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg). This protection was not dose dependent, though it was more optimum with 300 mg/kg and disappeared largely when a dose of 450 mg/kg was used. Aspirin did not prevent the changes in Hb% but retard the reduction in body weight caused by cyclophosphamide. It is concluded that aspirin can help to reduce injury and enhance recovery from bone marrow toxicity caused by cytotoxic agents such as the alkylating drugs cyclophosphamide for which no specific antidote is available. Aspirin produces this effect possibly by eliminating the harmful inhibitory effect of excess PGs or leukotrienes, released by bone marrow injury on growth factors of haemopoietic progenitor cells. The magnitude of this protection on WBC counts does not seem to differ between either PG synthase enzyme inhibitors or steroids when used alone or in combination although a synergistic effect in protecting erythropoiesis is observed.

Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaf aqueous extract mediated novel green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and its anti-hemolytic anemia potential: A chemobiological study

In this study, the aqueous extract Ziziphora clinopodioides was used to biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles. A green, productive, and environmentally method was developed for the valuable study and the effective preparation of the green-synthesis of iron nanoparticles using aqueous extracts from the leaf of Ziziphora clinopodioides as a result of reducing and stabilizing factor. The simplicity of the synthesis procedures and easy work up are the benefits of the present study. The structural and morphological characterization of green‐synthesized FeNPs was performed by Uv–Vis. and FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. The SEM images have exhibited an equal and uniform spherical morphology in size of 30.04. We also investigated the anti-hemolytic anemia property of FeNPs in an animal model of hemolytic anemia. In vivo assay, induction of hemolytic anemia was done by phenylhydrazine in mice. FeNPs significantly reduced the weight and volume of liver and spleen and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the body weight, the anti-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and the total platelet, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, and basophil counts, and RBC parameters as compared to the untreated mice. About the biochemical parameters, FeNPs significantly increased GPx, CAT, and SOD in serum, liver, and spleen, and also HDL, total protein, and albumin in serum, and decreased GR in serum, liver, and spleen, and also erythropoietin, ferritin, ferrous, creatinine, urea, LDL, triglyceride, cholesterol, GGT, ALT, AST, and ALP in serum as compared to the anemic mice. DPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for FeNPs and Butylated hydroxytoluene. FeNPs had low cell viability dose-dependently against HUVEC cell line. It appears that FeNPs can be administrated as a hematoprotective and anti-hemolytic anemia drug or supplement for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in the clinical trial.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Procalcitonin-A Potential Biomarker for Post-Craniotomy Bacterial Meningitis.

The literature regarding the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis of post-craniotomy bacterial meningitis and differentiating it from aseptic meningitis is sparse. CSF total WBC count, sugar, protein, and PCT were measured in febrile patients with suspected post-craniotomy meningitis during the first 30 days following an intradural cranial procedure for non-trauma indications. Patients were diagnosed as postoperative bacterial meningitis if CSF culture was positive (PBM, n = 28) or postoperative aseptic meningitis if CSF culture was sterile and there was no evidence of systemic infection (PAM, n = 31). CSF cytochemical parameters and PCT values were compared between the groups. Normal values of CSF PCT were obtained from 14 patients with noninfectious indications with hydrocephalus. There was no significant difference in CSF total WBC count, sugar, and protein levels between PAM and PBM groups. The median PCT level in CSF in the normal group was 0.03 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 0.02-0.07 ng/mL). CSF PCT in the PBM group (median 0.37 ng/mL, IQR 0.2-1.4 ng/mL) was significantly higher than normal values as well as PAM group (median 0.12 ng/mL, IQR 0.07-0.26 ng/mL (P = 0.0004). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for CSF PCT was 0.767. A cutoff value of 0.12 ng/mL yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI: 67.3% to 96%), specificity of 51.6% (95% CI: 33% to 69.9%), positive predictive value of 61.5% (95% CI: 51.9% to 70.3%), and negative predictive value of 80% (95% CI: 60.3.8% to 91.3%). CSF PCT assay in patients who are febrile during the first 30 days post-non-trauma neurosurgical procedures has a role in the early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

Association of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio to overall mortality after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive ability of neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for overall mortality after EVAR for AAA. Data on patients with AAA treated by EVAR between March 2012 and December 2016 were obtained from a prospectively maintained EVAR database at Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. The NLR was calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count. A cut-off value of total WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and NLR was determined according to a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard analyses to account for the time at risk. One hundred seventy-eight patients were included in this study after selection based on the exclusion criteria. The subjects consisted of 150 men and 28 women with a mean age of 77.5 years (range: 51-89 years). A ROC curve analysis determined the optimal cut-off values of preoperative total WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and NLR for predicting overall mortality with 7,050 /μL, 4,012 /μL, 1,312 /μL, and 3.19, respectively. On univariate and multivariate analyses, octogenarian, obesity, COPD, active cancer, and lymphocytopenia or NLR were detected as independent predictors for overall mortality. Specific leukocyte populations, such as lymphocyte count and NLR, are useful biomarkers to predict overall mortality in patients undergoing EVAR for AAA, suggesting that WBC count and its subsets, which are easy to perform a test, may be used to stratify patients at risk for poor prognosis following EVAR.

Patterns of Bone Marrow Confirmed Malignant and Non-Malignant Hematological Disorders in Patients with Abnormal Hematological Parameters in Northeast Ethiopia.

BackgroundHematological disorders are heterogeneous conditions ranging from malignant to non-malignant disorders. Hematological malignancies comprise a collection of heterogeneous conditions originating from cells of the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pattern of bone marrow confirmed malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders in patients with abnormal hematological parameters.MethodsInstitutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dessie town from April 2020 to June 2021. A total of 228 study participants who had abnormal hematological parameters and referred for bone marrow examination were included consecutively. About 1.5 mL of bone marrow sample and 3 mL of venous blood sample were collected for bone marrow examination, complete blood count analysis and peripheral blood morphology examination. Wright stain, Sudan black B, and Prussian blue stains were used for staining the bone marrow and peripheral blood smears. The result was expressed in mean and standard deviation and presented in texts and tables. Ratio, frequency, and percentage were used to express the magnitude of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hematological malignancies among the study participants was 11.4% with 8.8% in male patients. The prevalence of hematological malignancies were 3.5% CML, 2.6% AML, 1.8% CLL and MM, 0.9% ALL and undifferentiated acute leukemia. On the other hand, 57.0% of the study participants had non-malignant hematological disorders. Regarding non-malignant hematological cases, 24.6% were erythroid hyperplasia, 10.5% aplastic anemia, 8.8% concomitant IDA and MBA, 7.0% MBA, 3.5% leukemoid reaction, 1.8% IDA, and 0.9% visceral leishmaniasis. In patients with HM, 66.7% of AML, 100% of CML and CLL, and 75% of MM patients had increased total WBC count, whereas 66.7% of AML, 62.5% of CML, 75% of CLL, and 50% of MM patients had decreased hemoglobin level. On the other hand, 66.7% of AML, and 50% of CML, ALL, and CLL patients had decreased platelet count.ConclusionIn this study, 11.4% of the patients had hematological malignant cases, whereas 57% of the patients had non-malignant hematological cases. Therefore, in patients with hematological abnormalities and where conclusive diagnosis could not be made through clinical and other laboratory investigations, bone marrow examination should be done for definitive diagnosis, management and prognosis.

Laboratory Profiles of Women Presented with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Background: Laboratory investigations has a great role for the detection of pelvic Inflammatory disease among women.&#x0D; Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the laboratory profiles of women presented with pelvic inflammatory diseases during reproductive age group.&#x0D; Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2008 to June 2009 for a period of one (01) and a half year. Women who were presented with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) attended at the OPD of gynecology Department at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh were selected as study population. Laboratory investigations of each patient were taken and were recorded.&#x0D; Result: A total number of 300 cases were recruited. The mean age with SD was 30.3±9.57 years. In this present study 92(30.7%) patients had haemoglobin level less than 60.0%. The total count of WBC was counted and was found that majority had normal count which was 246(82.0%) cases. Culture of endocervical swab was done in 86 cases of which 34(39.5%) cases showed a growth of bacteria. The most common isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli which was 28(82.0%) cases followed by the growth of Staphylococcus aureus which was in 6(18.0%) cases.&#x0D; Conclusion: In conclusion haemoglobin level, total count of WBC are most commonly found among the women presented with pelvic inflammatory diseases with the predominance of Escherichia coli.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases June 2021;8(1):3-6

A Comparison of Haematological Parameters of Obese Individual and Non-Obese at Omisanjana Area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Background: The global prevalence of obesity has been on the increase over the years constituting a major public health crisis.&#x0D; Aim: The study was done to evaluate the haematological parameters of obese and non obese individuals at Omisanjana area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State. Nigeria.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The study is a hospital based cross-sectional study among obese individual and non-obese individuals. This study was carried out at Omisanjana area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State. Fifty (50) obese individuals and fifty (50) apparently non-obese individuals were recruited as controls and enrolled in this study.&#x0D; Results: The results showed significant difference of MXD (p=0.017), haemoglobin (p=0.000), MCV (p=0.006), MCH (p=0.006), MCHC (p=0.008) and no significant difference in PCV (p=0.064), WBC (p=0.896), LYM (p=0.069), GRAN (p=0.488), RBC (p=0.820), HCT (p=0.061), PLT (p=0.819),&#x0D; when compared between obese individuals and non-obese individuals respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: Subjects with obesity had lower mean haematological parameters such as haemoglobin mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils values compared to non-obese subjects. While a great majority of the parameters were of normal range for the subjects some were decreased e.g. total WBC count, Platelet and PCV.

Case Report on Thrombocytopenia

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune condition in which there is an abnormal low level of platelets. This is also called as Thrombopenia. The word Thrombocytopenia is derived from English word “Thrombocyte” which means “Platelet” and Greek word “Penia” which means “Poverty’.&#x0D; Clinical Findings: Persistent reddish lesion, generalized weakness.&#x0D; Diagnostic Evaluation : Blood test – Hb-11.2 %,RBC -6.06 million /cu mm , Total WBC Count – 10400 /cu mm , Platelet -0.25 lacs /cu mm , Monocyte – 0.6, Granulocyte – 44 % Lymphocyte -48 % , RDW -15.2 % , HCT-35.8%,Prothrombin Time -1.02 (12.8), APTT (Patient Count ) 30.7 % , RBS -104 mg/dl.&#x0D; Peripheral Smear: RBCs-Predominantly normocytic mildly hypochromic with few microcytic RBCs seen. Platelets –Reduced on smear. APC -37000 cells / mm cu as per cell counter no haemoparasit seen. Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) by Enzyme - linked Immunoassay Lactate Dehydrogenase. Method -0.69 LDH – 205 Ultrasonography – Grade 1 fatty liver.&#x0D; Therapeutic Intervention: 5 unit platelet concentrate transfusion, Inj. Methyl Prednisolone 500 mg × (2 Days), Tab. Prednisolone 30 mg Tab. Autrin , Tab. Metformin 1 gm , Tab. Glipizide 5 mg.&#x0D; Outcome: After treatment, patient show improvement. His platelet count was improved and sugar level were normal and his platelet count increased from 0.45 lacs /cu mm to 0.25 lacs / cu mm after platelet transfusion.&#x0D; Conclusion: My patient was admitted in High Dependency Unit. Archya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital with a case of Thrombocytopenia and he had complaint of persistent reddish lesion, generalized weakness. After getting appropriate treatment, his condition was improved.

Medical Investigation and Clinical Changes in the Early Phases of Post Burn Adult Inpatients as Indicators for Prompt Infection Diagnosis, in the Hospital for Burn and Plastic Surgery, Sulaimanyah, Iraq

Background: Burn injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn related hospital acquired infections is one of the major problems in the management of these injuries. Aim of the study: To elaborate on the early laboratory and microbial culture changes in adult burn inpatients, and to make use of subtle changes in the laboratory investigations, to predict and detect infections in burn victims, in its early phases. Patients and Methods: A Clinical observational study included a random sample of one hundred adult burn inpatients from Sulaymaniyah Burn Hospital, admitted from April 2019 to January 2021, retrospectively and prospectively followed up during the course of the study. Results: thirty one (31%) patients were male and 69% were female, all patients were adults and aged ≥18 years. 51 % of them had mix II-III degree burns, while 38% second and 11% third degree burns. Hematocrit decreased, total WBC count increased while platelet in most of the patients was normal. Blood urea was increased, Serum creatinine levels were normal in most of the patient in first three weeks of their admission. Eleven patients (11%) died. Whereas 36% of the patients who died had Total Body Surface Area burn of more than 60%, while 72% of them had II and III degree burns. Also 90% of the patients had infections, majority of the isolate results were Gram-negative bacteria (66.8%), and (33.2%) were Gram-positive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.5%) was the most common gram negative. The Staphylococcus aureus (33.2%) was the gram positive organism recovered. While 66.6% of patients had fever during the first week, 55.5% of patients had fever in second week. Most of the patients, who had fever, were infected with S.aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa throughout the second week post burn. Conclusion and recommendations; Many laboratories and microbial parameter changes occur in the early phases of post burning, of which Leukocytosis can be a good predictor for infection in burns, especially when it happens in the second week and beyond. Yet it cannot distinguish gram negative from gram positive bacterial infections. To detect any change in the back ground laboratory parameters, as soon as they happen, infections in burns can be detected or suspected