Total Solids Content Research Articles

Electrospinning Poly(acrylonitrile) Containing Magnetite Nanoparticles: Influence of Magnetite Contents

Magnetic nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning polymer/metal solutions of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. At a mass ratio of PAN:magnetite of 2:1, the total solid content in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution was varied between 15 wt.% and 25 wt.%, which represents the limits of the spinnable range. The results show that the most homogeneous nanofiber mats were 21 wt.% solid contents. At 15 wt.% solid contents, a nano-membrane with some fibrous regions was produced. Nanofibers at 25 wt.% had a much larger and more inhomogeneous diameter. Nevertheless, the magnetic properties of all samples were very similar, indicating that the distribution of magnetite nanoparticles in the fibers is comparable in all samples. The results also suggested that the samples spun from solutions with near-ideal solid contents (19–21 wt.%) contain agglomerations of the nanoparticles inside the nanofibers.

Effect of tragacanth gum (Astragalus gummifer) and melaleuca essential oil to extend the shelf life of minimally processed pineapples

The consumption of minimally processed fruit is increasing due to its convenience, but its shelf life is reduced when compared to fresh fruit (in natura). The effects of using tragacanth gum (Astragalus gummifer) and melaleuca essential oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) as an edible coating on minimally processed pineapples (Smooth cayenne) were investigated in this study. The pineapples were sanitized, peeled, cut into standardized pieces, and immersed in the toppings, obtaining four treatments: T1 (control); T2 (0.5 tragacanth gum and 0.2% melaleuca essential oil); T3 (0.5 tragacanth gum and 0.3% melaleuca essential oil); T4 (0.5 tragacanth gum and 0.4% melaleuca essential oil), then drained and stored in PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) containers with a lid, under refrigeration at 5±1°C for 12 days. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed. The samples T2 and T4 obtained less mass loss and less decrease in total soluble solids content. The T2 sample also showed promising results by reducing the loss of texture and delaying the growth of mold and yeast in relation to the control sample over 12 days of storage. The use of tragacanth gum together with melaleuca essential oil was efficient in maintaining the quality of minimally processed pineapples for a longer time.

Aeration pre-treatment role in improving the performance of bio-conditioning dewatering of food waste anaerobic digestate

Bio-conditioning dewatering followed by activated sludge process (BDAS) is a promising technology for purifying food waste anaerobic digestate (FWAD). However, the bio-conditioning dewatering efficiency is often affected by FWAD properties and ambient temperature. Here, we firstly reported that aeration pre-treatment of FWAD played an important role in improving the bio-conditioning dewatering performance of FWAD. The study found that the accumulated carbonate (CO32–) in FWAD severely affected the flocculation of Fe-containing flocculant formed in microbial fermentation liquor due to the competitive consumption of the flocculant by CO32–. The capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of the bio-conditioned FWAD increased from initial 77.8 s and 2.0 × 1012 m/kg to 122.7 s and 3.4 × 1012 m/kg, respectively, within 1 day of aeration. Prolonged aeration pre-treatment of FWAD could reduce its CO32– concentration and total alkalinity. Additionally, the aeration pre-treatment simultaneously decreased the proportion of macromolecular organic matter that hindered dewatering and the content of total solids (TS) and hydrophilic protein-like substances in FWAD. After 20 days of aeration followed by bio-conditioning, the CST and SRF reduced to final 36.5 s and 2.3 × 1011 m/kg, respectively, indicating a substantial improvement in dewatering performance. Successive forced aeration combined with the addition of CaCl2 to eliminate adverse factors mainly CO32– was a feasible and cost-effective strategy to realize bio-conditioning dewatering of FWAD in less than 2 days and a lower reagents dose of bio-conditioning, which was helpful in the engineering application of the novel BDAS process for FWAD purification.

Study of the physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of wild blackberry species from the Peruvian highlands

The Peruvian Andes are the natural habitat of several wild blackberry species that are little known and exploited due to the lack of technological and scientific development to support their agricultural potential. In this context, a study was conducted to understand the physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of four wild blackberry (Rubus sp.) species from the northern Peruvian highlands. The results indicate that fruits of R. floribundus presented the highest content of total soluble solids (9.58 ± 1.83°Brix) and titratable acidity (1.88 ± 0.07% citric acid). The fruits of R. weberbaueri recorded the highest total phenolic content (415.06 ± 8.69 mg GAE/100 g Ff). The antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH assay varied significantly among species, with the highest value found in fruits of R. andicola (50.27 ± 0.11 mg TE/100 g Ff). The fruit extracts of R. weberbaueri and R. andicola showed better antimicrobial activity, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most sensitive bacterium. In the in vitro multiplication phase, the results show that BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) has a significant effect at a dose of 1.5 mg l−1 on shoot number, leaf number, and shoot length. The results may help in the management of genetic resources.

Influence of chitin nanofibers and gallic acid on physical-chemical and biological performances of chitosan-based films

In this work, chitosan films loaded with gallic acid and different content of chitin nanofibers were prepared and subjected to different characterization techniques. The results showed that the inclusion of gallic acid to chitosan films caused moderate decrease in water vapor permeability (by 29 %) and increased tensile strength of films (by 169 %) in comparison to the neat chitosan films. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of chitin nanofibers up to 30 % into chitosan/gallic acid films additionally improved tensile strength (by 474 %) and reduced plasticity of films (by 171 %), when compared to the chitosan/gallic acid films. Increased concentration of chitin nanofibers in films reduced the overall water vapor permeability of films by 51 %. In addition, gallic acid and chitin nanofibers had synergic effect on high chitosan film's antioxidant and antifungal activity toward Botrytis cinerea (both above 95 %). Finally, chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers films reduced decay incidence of strawberries, increased total soluble solid content, and promoted high production of some polyphenols during cold storage, in comparison to the control chitosan films and uncoated strawberry samples. Hence, these results suggest that chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers can present eco-sustainable approach for preservation of strawberries, giving them additional nutritional value.

Potential of a Charcoal Evaporative Cooling Chamber for Extending the Shelf Life of Vegetables


 
 
 There are wide varieties of vegetables in Sri Lanka. The ambient temperature and relative humidity have an impact on rate of vegetables deteriorate. Evaporative cooling is a well-known, cost- effective way to reduce postharvest lost in order to lower the temperature and increase the relative humidity. This research was done to create a charcoal cooling chamber for increase the shelf life of vegetables combining polythene packaging and active packaging additives. The study was carried out in wet zone, Sri Lanka with a sizable chamber made of coconut shell charcoal. A rectangular box made of chicken wire with a 1 m3 capacity serves as the evaporative cooling chamber. It made of chicken wire mesh with a hardwood frame. The walls filled with 50 mm thick coconut shell charcoal and a water outflow 8.33 ml/min for wetting the walls. Vegetable samples without any treatment were placed in the charcoal chamber along with vegetables wrapped in sealed polyethylene (gauge 300) with and without active packing components. With a control sample held in ambient settings, the treatments were put to the test four times over the course of nine days. Both unloading and loading situations were used to evaluate the performance of chamber. Temperature drops of 4° C on average and 2.07° C on average, respectively, were seen in dry and wet climate conditions. 92.49% on average was the cooling efficiency. Sealed polyethylene bags without active packaging components were found to be the best treatment when taking into account physiological weight loss and sensory tests. When compared to the control group on days 3, 6 and 9 physiological weight loss was considerably (P<0.05) less in the sealed polyethylene bags without active packing components. When compared to the control sample total soluble solid content less in sealed polythene bag. The sensory evaluation for the treatments inside the chamber was more acceptable than for the control. Vegetables can store fresh for up to three days in evaporative cooling chamber without packaging. These chambers can install vegetable stalls on the side of the roads in Sri Lanka for temporary purposes.
 Keywords: Charcoal, Evaporation, Shelf-life, Temperature, Vegetables
 
 

The analysis of approaches to assessing the sugar content of fruit and vegetable products

The relevance of this study is due to the growing interest of modern consumers in healthy eating, where fruit and vegetables play an important role, which should not only be aesthetically pleasing but also have high taste potential. The purpose of the article is to analyse and compare different approaches to assessing the sugar content of fruit and vegetable products, their effectiveness, and to substantiate areas for improvement. For this purpose, the author analysed the literature and regulatory and technical documents. Traditional methods for determining the sugar content are considered: total content, soluble solids content, and total soluble solids content. It has been established that the soluble solids content and the total soluble solids content of fruits cannot be equated and should be adjusted using an appropriate coefficient based on the percentage of sugars. It has been shown that the content of total soluble substances does not always correctly reflect the sugar content and does not correlate with the taste of sweetness of fruit and vegetables. The necessity of taking into account acidity, which significantly affects the perception of sweet taste, has been established. High acidity can inhibit the sweet taste of fruit and vegetables, even with a very high sugar content. It is proposed to use the ratio of sugar content to titratable acidity for a comprehensive assessment of the sugar content and taste of products. The necessity of using the BrimA and sweetness indices, which combine the indicators of sugars and acidity, as well as reflect the contribution of a single carbohydrate to the total sugar content of the product, is substantiated. These indices allow for a comprehensive assessment of sugar content and predict the sensory perception of fruit and vegetable raw materials. The absence of a single standardised approach and the need for comparative analysis to select optimal methods for measuring the sugar content of fruit and vegetable products are noted, so there is an urgent need to standardise such approaches to improve data comparison. The results of the article can be used to select the most informative methods of sugar content analysis. This will optimise quality control procedures and standardisation of measurements in the food industry

Landsat observations of total suspended solids concentrations in the Pearl River Estuary, China, over the past 36 years

Information on long-term trends in total suspended solids (TSS) is critical for assessing aquatic ecosystems. However, the long-term patterns of TSS concentration (CTSS) and its latent drivers have not been well investigated. In this study, we developed and validated three semi-analysis algorithms for deriving CTSS using Landsat images. Subsequently, the long-term trends in CTSS in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) from 1987 to 2022 and the driving factors were clarified. The developed algorithms yielded excellent performance in estimating CTSS, with mean absolute percentage errors <25% and root mean square errors of <13 mg/L. Long-term Landsat observations showed an overall decreasing trend and significant spatiotemporal dynamics of the CTSS in the PRE from 1987 to 2022. The analysis of driving factors suggested that industrial sewage, cropland, forests and grasslands, and built-up land were the four potential driving forces that explained 87.81% of the long-term variation in CTSS. This study not only provides 36-year recorded datasets of CTSS in estuary water, but also offers new insights into the complex mechanisms that regulate CTSS spatiotemporal dynamics for water resource management.

Adsorption and partition of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in poultry litter

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of antibiotics on a large scale is a common practice in poultry farming. This research investigated the adsorption of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) in poultry litter samples to assess the potential risk to ecosystems as a result of the compound mobility. This residue is used directly dispersed in agricultural soils as a biofertilizer.RESULTSExperimental data were evaluated in terms of fits of isotherm models. The mobility of CIP was assessed by the distribution coefficient and the partition coefficient related to organic matter. The studied poultry litter presented a pH of 8.5 ± 0.1, moisture content of 20.3 ± 1.3% and total solids content of 79.8 ± 1.2%, with a high amount of both inorganic matter (57.1 ± 1.7%) and organic matter (42.9 ± 1.7%) content in its composition. The Redlich–Petersen isotherm model satisfactorily described the experimental data, with higher maximum adsorption capacities at more alkaline pHs (pH 8.0 = 3015.0 ± 118.0 μg g−1, pH 7 = 2916.6 ± 1152.9 μg g−1 and pH 6 = 410.0 ± 18.1 μg g−1). The log Kd (pH 6 = 0.9, pH 7 = 1.2, and pH 8 = 1.4) and log Koc (pH 6 = 1.3, pH 7 = 1.7 and pH 8 = 1.8) values obtained for the sorption of ciprofloxacin at different pHs in poultry litter were considered low (log Koc &lt; 3.5).CONCLUSIONSThe analyte does not tend to adsorb in the poultry litter and might leach to other environmental compartments. The information obtained in this study reinforces the ecotoxicological concern about antibiotic residues in the environment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

AI-Based Prediction of Carrot Yield and Quality on Tropical Agriculture

The adoption of artificial intelligence tools can improve production efficiency in the agroindustry. Our objective was to perform the predictive modeling of carrot yield and quality. The crop was grown in two commercial areas during the summer season in Brazil. The root samples were taken at 200 points with a 30 × 30 m sampling grid at 82 and 116 days after sowing in both areas. The total fresh biomass, aerial part, and root biometry were quantified for previous crop harvesting to measure yield. The quality of the roots was assessed by sub-sampling three carrots by the concentration of total soluble solids (°Brix) and firmness in the laboratory. Vegetation indices were extracted from satellite imagery. The most important variables for the predictive models were selected by principal component analysis and submitted to the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) algorithms. SAVI and NDVI indices stood out as predictors of crop yield, and the results from the ANN (R2 = 0.68) were superior to the RF (R2 = 0.67) and MLR (R2 = 0.61) models. Carrot quality cannot be modeled by the predictive models in this study; however, it should be explored in future research, including other crop variables.

Application of biofloc technology in the larval rearing of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The aim of this study was to investigate the different strategies of biofloc addition to zebrafish (Danio rerio) larviculture, and evaluate their growth and biochemical parameters. Three treatments were used: addition of 200 mL biofloc once at the start of the assay (O1), addition of 100 mL biofloc every seven days (1W), and addition of 100 mL biofloc every four days (2W). The 1W and 2W treatments also received 200 mL biofloc at the start of the assay. Regarding water quality, the only difference was the total suspended solid concentration, because the 2W treatment had a higher concentration in the final assay (127.6 ± 24.3 mg L-1). The final weight, survival rate, and juvenile percentile did not show statistical differences among the treatments. However, the O1 treatment exhibited a higher total length (11.93 ± 0.45 mm) than those in the 2W treatment. The juveniles in the 2W treatment exhibited lower nonprotein thiols and higher TBARS concentrations than those in the other treatments. Thus, the biofloc system can be a viable alternative to zebrafish larviculture without the use of conventional live food, and the addition of biofloc once (O1) at the beginning of larval rearing achieves good growth and survival results.

Critical Review of Phanta Kalpana and Phytochemical Comparison of Panchakola Phanta with Panchakola Kashaya

Phanta Kalpana, the process of herbal hot infusion is one of the five fundamental Ayurvedic preparations. A unique Kalpana is specifically mentioned for those with a minor illness, little strength, and younger age. However, this Kalpana is not widely utilizing because of the unavailability of scientific data and uncertainty about its action. Even though it is a simple Kalpana while analyzing available references numerous differences were determined among Ayurvedic classics. Differences of opinion or expression of comments noted in drug to water ratio, order mixing of water and drug, temperature of the water, time of contact, Powder size, and the need for stir and strain. Different experiments were conducted based on these parameters. And it shows their significance. In addition, a market sample examination of two separate Kashaya Choornas of two companies produced results with completely different powder sizes. Product output will vary due to these practical variations unless later changes are made to other parameters. Comparative physiochemical and phytochemical analyses of Kashaya and Phanta Kashaya were done. Values are almost similar except for total solid content and GCMS. Total solid rises along with the reduction in Kashya. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents show almost similar values, whereas GCMS analysis shows peaks of some molecules in Phanta Kashaya and peaks of some other molecules in Kashaya Kalpana. So, each of these two Kalpana favors solubilizing and makes bioavailable different ranges of biomolecules. So, each of these Kalpana has a different and specific utility and function.

Rice straw anaerobic co-digestion: Comparing various pre-treatment techniques to enhance biogas production

Study investigates rice straw size impact on co-digestion with four pre-treatments: thermal, hydrogen peroxide, combined thermal and hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide followed by thermal treatment. Rice straw is divided into four sizes: 3–5 cm, 1–2 cm, 5–10 mm, and 300 μm. Co-substrates, sewage sludge, and chicken manure are used at a 20 % total solids concentration. Pre-treatment effects on rice straw and volatile fatty acid content post-digestion are assessed by quantifying cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content. Thermal pre-treatment, particularly on 1–2 cm-sized rice straw, demonstrates the highest efficacy with biogas production of 389 mL/g-VS. Preferred rice straw sizes for adaptability are ranked: 1–2 cm > 5–10 mm > 3–5 cm > 300 μm. However, pre-treatment fails to enhance biogas production compared to the control, attributed to structural deterioration, accelerated hydrolysis, elevated VFA levels, methanogenic inhibition, and increased hemicellulose content. Co-digestion is recommended over pre-treatment for rice straw anaerobic digestion.

저온 저장 후지 사과의 과피와 과육 중 파이토케미컬 함량의 상관관계

This study determined the relationships between the total anthocyanin content in apple skin and the total polyphenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and soluble solids contents in the flesh of cold-stored Fuji apples. Total anthocyanin content in apple skin ranged from 0.130±0.005 mg CE/g fw to 0.262±0.028 mg CE/g fw, and the overall average was 0.200±0.008 mg CE/g fw. The total polyphenolic compounds in the flesh was ranged from a 4.283±0.141 mM GAE/g fw to 8.207±0.234 mM GAE/g fw, and the average content was 6.275±0.177 mM GAE/g fw. The total flavonoid content ranged from 4.510±0.080 mM QE/g fw to 2.467±0.458 mM QE/g fw, and the average total flavonoid content was about 3.586 mM QE/g fw. The total proanthocyanidin content was relatively high, ranging from 3.475±0.577 mM EE/g fw to 6.816±0.277 mM EE/g fw, and the soluble solid in the flesh was about 12 °Brix to 14 °Brix. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of extracts from apple flesh ranged from 66.36% to 94.99%, and the ascorbate equivalent concentration was 0.482 mM. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was 99.12% to 99.9%, indicating a higher inhibitory activity than the DPPH inhibitory activity, and the ascorbate equivalent concentration was 0.486 mM. The correlation between the total anthocyanin and total polyphenolic compounds was y = 15.192x + 3.2169 (R2=0.2748), but the concentration of total polyphenolic compounds increased when the total anthocyanin content was increased. The correlation equation of total anthocyanin with total flavonoids was y = 15.18x + 0.5555 (R2=0.6226), with total proanthocyanin was y = 14.918x + 2.3422 (R2=0.3372), and with soluble solid was y = 10.558x + 11.126 (R2=0.1925), indicating that the correlation of total anthocyanin with total flavonoid was higher than that with soluble solid.

NUTRIENT CHARACTERIZATION, BIOGAS AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION POTENTIALS OF ROOT AND TUBER WASTES

Rapid population growth and increasing food demand have led to a significant rise in organic waste generation, which has had a negative impact on the environment. However, these wastes can be utilized as substrates for anaerobic digestion (AD) biogas production, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly waste management solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient composition, biogas potential, and electricity generation capacity of root and tuber waste as a feedstock for biogas production. Waste samples were collected from various restaurants in Malumfashi. The nutrient composition of the waste samples was analyzed using standardized AOAC methods, and the biogas potential was estimated using the Baserga model equations. The results revealed that the waste samples had a total solid content of 94.70%, a volatile solid content of 87.60%, a crude protein content of 0.10%, a nitrogen-free extract of 5.1%, a crude fiber content of 5.04%, a crude fat content of 7.1%, and an ash content of 5.3%. The estimated biogas yield from complete degradation of fresh organic matter from roots and tubers was 501m3/ton, with a methane content of 52%. Based on the calorific value of biogas and the efficiency of electrical conversion, the estimated electrical potential was determined to be 1072 kWh/ton. The study recommends the utilization of root and tuber waste as a valuable resource for biogas generation and renewable energy production. Additionally, further research should be conducted to determine the specific biogas production outputs of root and tuber wastes.

Holistic quality evaluation method of Epimedii Folium based on NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics.

There are some problems in the quality control of Epimedii Folium (leaves of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.), such as the mixed use of Epimedii Folium from different harvesting periods and regions, incomplete quality evaluation, and time-consuming analysis methods. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was conducted to establish a rapid overall quality evaluation method for Epimedii Folium. Quantitative models of the total solid, moisture, total flavonoid, and flavonol glycoside (Epimedin A, Epimedin B, Epimedin C, Icariin) contents of Epimedii Folium were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR). The root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) were used to evaluate the performance of models. The qualitative models of Epimedii Folium from different geographic origins and harvest periods were established based on K-nearest neighbor (KNN), back-propagation neural network (BPNN), and random forest (RF). Accuracy and Kappa values were used to evaluate the performance of models. A new multivariable signal conversion strategy was proposed, which combines NIR spectroscopy with the PLSR model to predict the absorbance values of retention time points in the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint to obtain the predicted HPLC fingerprint. The Pearson correlation coefficient and cosine coefficient were used to evaluate the similarity between real and predicted HPLC fingerprints. Qualitative models, quantitative models, and the similarity between real and predicted HPLC fingerprints are satisfactory. The method serves as a fast and green analytical quality evaluation method of Epimedii Folium and can replace traditional methods to achieve the overall quality evaluation of Epimedii Folium.

PREPARATION OF HEALTH BENEFICIAL PROBIOTIC SOYA ICE -CREAM AND EVALUATION OF QUALITY ATTRIBUTES

Probiotic soya ice cream was prepared by using food grade bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei S1(MF443873) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus KC6 (MF443875). Bacteria have been encapsulated in milk and sodium alginate beads to improve their viability in soya ice -cream. Viable cell number of entrapped probiotic isolates was observed with calcium chloride concentration of 0.1M at pH 7.0, hardening time of 8h. Morphological characterization of microencapsulated beads was done by using SEM. Probiotic soy ice-cream was stored at -20oC for 30 days and was investigated for sensory qualities, microbial count and physicochemical characteristics. Microencapsulated probiotic ice-cream was found more stable during storage as compared to those containing free probiotic microorganisms. As far as physico-chemical characteristics of probiotic enriched soy ice-cream is concerned, though changes in quality attributes viz. pH, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, total soluble solid and antioxidant content during storage interval have been observed but these changes were statistically non- significant.

Isochoric pressure-temperature behavior of lactalbumin+water reactive mixtures under subcritical conditions

This study examines the pressure-temperature (P-T) behavior of reactive mixtures composed of lactalbumin and water under subcritical and isochoric conditions. The impact of density on the P-T behavior was investigated for an initial lactalbumin composition of 5%, covering a density range of 0.7597 g/mL to 0.85620 g/mL. Additionally, the effect of varying lactalbumin concentrations, ranging from 3% to 15% (w/w), at a constant initial density of 0.831 g/mL, was also studied. Isochoric lines and density values of the reactive mixtures were compared to those of pure water under identical pressure and temperature conditions in all experiments. Furthermore, the total soluble solids (TSS) content was analyzed after each experiment, along with the thermal stability of amino acids subjected to prolonged reaction periods and high temperatures.

Recovery of phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium from surplus activated sludge using existing sludge treatment facilities and thickened primary sludge.

The separation of P, K, and Mg from surplus activated sludge (SAS) was investigated using existing sludge treatment facilities and the thickened primary sludge (TPS). The addition of the TPS to the SAS storage tank accelerated the anaerobic release of the three elements from SAS with maximum efficiencies of about 60%. The efficiency of P release showed a significant correlation with the oxidation-reduction potential. Increasing the total solid concentration increased the release of elements. The released elements could be transferred to a separate liquid (SL) from a screw-press thickener, and maximum concentrations of P, K, and Mg were about 200, 60, and 35 mg/L, respectively. The addition of CaCl2 and NaOH solutions to SL precipitated P as hydroxyapatite. However, no precipitation of K and Mg occurred simultaneously with P, even when the pH of SL was increased to 9. These findings suggest that about 60% of P, K, and Mg can be separated from SAS into SL using existing sludge treatment facilities and TPS; however, a method other than precipitation would be needed to recover P and K from SL simultaneously.

Coupling numerical models of deltaic wetlands with AirSWOT, UAVSAR, and AVIRIS-NG remote sensing data

Abstract. Coastal marsh survival relies on the ability to increase elevation and offset sea level rise. It is therefore important to realistically model sediment fluxes between marshes, tidal channels, and bays as sediment availability controls accretion. Traditionally, numerical models have been calibrated and validated using in situ measurements at a few locations within the domain of interest. These datasets typically provide temporal information but lack spatial variability. This paper explores the potential of coupling numerical models with high-resolution remote sensing imagery. Products from three sensors from the NASA Delta-X airborne mission are used. Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) provides vertical water level change on the marshland and was used to adjust the bathymetry and calibrate water fluxes over the marsh. AirSWOT yields water surface elevation within bays, lakes, and channels, and was used to calibrate the Chezy bottom friction coefficient. Finally, imagery from AVIRIS-NG provides maps of total suspended solids (TSS) concentration that were used to calibrate sediment parameters of settling velocity and critical shear stress for erosion. Three numerical models were developed at different locations along coastal Louisiana using Delft3D. The coupling enabled a spatial evaluation of model performance that was not possible using simple point measurements. Overall, the study shows that calibration of numerical models and their general performance will greatly benefit from remote sensing.