Total Production Volume Research Articles

Application of Artificial Insemination (AI) as a Breeding Method for Dairy Goat Herd Build-Up in Region 3, Philippines

One of the constraints in the development of dairy industry in the country is the limited number of dairy animals of which only 14% are goats providing only 1% of the total volume of local milk production. Meanwhile, increasing dairy goat population is hindered by the lack or the high price of dairy breeder animals that can be used in improving our local stocks. To spur the population of goats with genetic potential for dairying among goat farms in Region 3, Philippines, artificial insemination (AI) was applied in this project. Within the implementation period, a total of 50 participants were trained on AI in goats. They served as AI service providers in their respective and nearby municipalities. Meanwhile, a total of 4 seminars on goat raising was conducted at the different municipalities to promote the use of AI in goat breeding and upgrading which were participated by a total of 166 goat raisers. A total of 346 inseminations were reported by the trained technicians. Based on the total number of inseminations monitored, the observed conception rate was 60.29% ranging from 37.50% in Bulacan to 100% in Zambales. Of the total number of kiddings recorded, the percent of singletons, twins, and triplets observed were 46.38%, 44.93%, and 8.69%, respectively, giving an average kidding size of 1.17. A total of 106 kids were born with 61.32% (65 kids) males and 38.68% (41 kids) females with an overall male to female ratio of 1.59:1. Majority (73.58%) of the total kids born were of upgraded Anglo-Nubian bloodline. Meanwhile, of the five commercial farms visited, the Soliman Goat Farm in Tarlac was selected as the location for the establishment of the farm-based goat semen processing laboratory. Moreover, the owner and the farm staff involved in operating the laboratory had already undergone training on semen collection, processing, and evaluation.

Factor VIII inhibitor bypass activity (FEIBA) for the reduction of transfusion in cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial

BackgroundUncontrolled bleeding after cardiac surgery can be life-threatening. Factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA) is a prothrombin complex concentrate empirically used as rescue therapy for correction of refractory bleeding diathesis post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). FEIBA used as rescue therapy for bleeding diathesis after CPB has been associated with a low incidence of complications and a reduction in transfusion requirement and re-exploration. The feasibility and efficacy of early administration of FEIBA after the termination of CPB have not been studied in a prospective randomized trial.MethodsWe designed a small randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot trial to determine the feasibility of a larger trial testing the hypothesis that FEIBA decreases transfusion requirements after CPB. The study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of a larger pivotal trial to determine the effectiveness of FEIBA in reducing the total volume of blood products transfused perioperatively, and its safety profile. Study participants were adult patients undergoing elective major aortic cardiovascular surgery at a tertiary referral hospital, who were equally randomized to receive a single dose of either FEIBA or matched placebo intraoperatively at the end of CPB.ResultsTwenty patients were screened and 12 were randomized and included in the analysis. Protocol adherence was high, and all patients received the study drug per intention-to-treat except one patient. There were no protocol deviations or events of unblinding, and adverse events were not different between groups. Patients in the FEIBA group were older and more likely to be female and had higher BMI, lower hematocrit, and longer hypothermic circulatory arrest. There were no differences in post-randomization blood product transfusions (difference FEIBA vs. placebo −899 mL; 95% CI −5206 to 3409) or in the administration of open-label FEIBA.ConclusionsThis pilot trial confirmed the adequacy of the trial design that involved the early, blinded administration of FEIBA, by demonstrating excellent protocol adherence. We conclude that a larger trial establishing the effectiveness of early prothrombin complex concentrate administration to reduce the use of blood products in the setting of high-risk cardiac surgery is feasible.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02577614. Registered 16 October 2015

Bone Marrow Transplant Product Quality Has Decreased Over Time— a Retrospective Examination of NMDP Collected Bone Marrow Products from 1994-2016

▪BackgroundBone marrow (BM) is an essential hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) source for many allogeneic transplants (HCT) and is the preferred cell source for specific disease indications in adults (e.g., Aplastic Anemia), the majority of pediatric transplants, and when the benefits of a decreased risk of chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) outweigh other considerations. The advent of G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), with logistic benefits over the collection of BM, has resulted in a significant decrease in the utilization of BM. Since the advent of PBSC, BM has declined from 100% in the early 1990s to 15% in 2015, of unrelated donor products. This decreased utilization of BM has a number of potential consequences from a quality perspective. Many centers perform a limited number of BM collections per year and thus, the ability to ensure ongoing competency of staff in this technical procedure can be challenging. Proper assessment of BM harvest metrics is difficult in an individual collection facility when limited procedures are performed. Previous data from a single center noted that the total number of nucleated cells (TNC) received in BM products for individual patients decreased over the years. The aim of this study was to examine the trends in BM harvest quality in a large cohort of NMDP donors to see if this observation can be generalized.MethodsThe primary outcome of this study was examination of the total nucleated cells collected per milliliter (TNC/mL) of BM as an estimate of product quality. The population studied was BM donations from domestic unrelated donors reported to the NMDP/CIBMTR from 1994-2016 (analyzed over 5 time periods). The TNC/mL for each harvest was calculated based on the total number of nucleated cells (TNC) collected in harvest and the volume (mL) of final product including additives. Additional covariates, including time period of harvest, the number of harvests performed per year at the center, donor age, donor body mass index (BMI), donor weight, donor race/ethnicity, and donor gender were examined.ResultsExamination of >15,000 BM donations revealed a significant decline in the concentration of total nucleated cells from 21.8 TNC x 106/mL in the earliest era to 18.7 TNC x106/mL in the 2012-2016 era (p<0.001). (Table 1). The number of overall collections performed per center in the 2012-2016 era was similar to other eras (Table 2). The number of collections performed by a collection center did not appear to explain the decrease in BM quality as median TNC/mL decreased over time intervals regardless of collection centre size (Figure 1). Interestingly, the total product volume harvest increased over the eras (p<0.001), while the duration of the harvest decreased (p<0.001). Donor characteristics were examined across eras. In recent years, donors are significantly more likely to be male (p<0.001) and young (p<0.001). For example, in the 2012-2016 era, 54% of the donors were under the age of 30 as compared to the 1994-1996 and 1997-2001 eras where only 25% of the donors were under the age of 30. Similarly, 65% of the donors were male in the 2012-2016 era, compared to 53% in the 1994-1996 era.ConclusionIn conclusion, we showed a significant decrease in the TNC/mL in BM products over time. This did not appear to be related to the number of collections per center, suggesting that cell number collected is not directly related to the number of procedures performed but rather other factors in the collection process. Interestingly, the significant decrease in TNC concentration in BM observed in this study persisted despite the increased use of optimal donors. Further analysis will be required to elucidate the exact cause of decreased concentration of TNC collected in products. Factors such as technique, rate of collection, materials /equipment used, training, and collector experience may have profound influences on the quality of BM collected. For example, the number of personnel performing harvests, number of harvests performed per collector, or turn-over of personnel at each collection center maybe contributing factors. These further studies will help to better understand the entire process and help improve the quality of the products, an issue crucial to ensuring bone marrow remains a quality cell source for transplant. [Display omitted] DisclosuresPulsipher:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Other: advisory board, education; CSL Behring: Other: advisory board Feb 2017; Adaptive: Other: Advisory board 6/17; Chimerix: Other: Advisory board Dec 2015; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Consultancy, Other: Phase II steering committee.

Sensitivity of an alkali-silica reaction kinetics model to diffusion and reactive mechanisms parameters

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) expansion is due to a combination of chemo-mechanical mechanisms. To obtain realistic predictions, modelling developed at the material scale has to consider reactive transport and mechanical issues. Numerous input variables concerning aggregate and cement paste properties are thus necessary. The uncertainties that affect such variables make the prediction of the ASR phenomenon random and thus need to be considered in a probabilistic context. To reduce the stochastic dimension for a further probabilistic analysis, a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method is conducted here, at different dates, on an ASR model developed at the material scale. It is illustrated by a combined sensitivity analysis of both the total volume of ASR products formed over time and the corresponding expansion. The work shows the relative impact of transport and reactive mechanisms on ASR kinetics. Moreover, the most significant parameters are not the same for laboratory accelerated expansion tests as for real structures under low temperatures. This highlights the relative impact of ASR mechanisms according to temperature.

Agriculture of the Irkutsk Region: Hard Experience in the Industrial Region

The article deals with historical and modern problems of agricultural development in the Irkutsk region in the context of industrial development of the region. Structural changes in the agricultural sector, the ratio of crop production and animal husbandry in the production of agricultural products are traced. The study found that within the framework of large-scale programs for the development of the productive forces of the Irkutsk region, the main attention was paid to industrial development, and agriculture was assigned the role of a secondary industry. This was manifested in the residual principle of financing the agricultural sector, its material base and the development of the social sphere in rural areas. Rural youth were involved in the construction and operation of production facilities, which led to a reduction of the population in the nearby villages and villages of the region. Special attention is paid to the problems of modern agriculture in the conditions of market transformations in the industry. On the basis of statistical material, the characteristics of the main categories of farms are given: agricultural organizations, farms and households. The analysis shows the leading role of private households in the total volume of agricultural production. At the same time, there is still an insignificant share of farms in the goods produced. The demographic consequences of the destruction of the state-farm-collective-farm system, manifested in a reduction in the number of villagers and a large shortage of agricultural workers, are particularly noted.

Modeling of mass transfer processes during dehydration of air-dried fish

The study addresses the problems of the Fisheries industry development in the Murmansk region. It has been acknowledged that the percentage of the frozen fish in the output of hydrobionts food products is about 90 %. The focus areas for the Russian Fisheries industry are the increasing share of products with high added value and the development of the domestic consumer market of fishery products. It has been found that the air-dried and dried fish products with defined organoleptic properties is traditionally in strong demand with the population. However, the range of air-dried and dried fish products available for the consumers is rather limited. Moreover, there is a very small part of air-dried and dried fish in the total volume of hydrobionts food products. It is possible to increase the efficiency of air-dried and dried fish production by using the scientific-based process solutions, which allow to reduce the production costs and improve the consumer properties of the finished products. This paper presents the aspects of generalization of the dehydration processes in the production of dried, air-dried and smoked fish. A link between the initial, critical moisture content of fish and the potential conductivity of mass transfer coefficients has been established. A mathematical relation for calculating the duration and modeling the kinetics of drying processes in production of dried and air-dried fish has been determined. The equations for calculating the water diffusion coefficients in the critical points of the kinetics curve have been obtained. The combined use of the received patterns allows to model the dehydration processes when producing the air-dried and dried fish products, calculate the drying time, determine the moisture diffusion coefficients and build dependencies of water distribution in the thickness of the processed object.

Intraoperative anti-A/B immunoadsorption is associated with significantly reduced blood product utilization with similar outcomes in pediatric ABO-incompatible heart transplantation

BackgroundIntraoperative anti-A/B immunoadsorption (ABO-IA) was recently introduced for ABO-incompatible heart transplantation. Here we report the first case series of patients transplanted with ABO-IA, and compare outcomes with those undergoing plasma exchange facilitated ABO-incompatible heart transplantation (ABO-PE).MethodsData were retrospectively analysed on all ABO-incompatible heart transplants undertaken at a single centre between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2020. Data included all routine laboratory tests, demographics and pre-operative characteristics, intraoperative details and post-operative outcomes. Primary outcome measures were volume of blood product transfusions, maximum post-transplant isohaemagglutinin titres, occurrence of rejection and graft survival. Secondary outcome measures were length of intensive care and hospital stay. Demographic and survival data were also obtained for ABO-compatible transplants during the same time period for comparison.ResultsThirty-seven patients underwent ABO-incompatible heart transplantation, with 27 (73%) using ABO-PE and 10 (27%) using ABO-IA. ABO-IA patients were significantly older than ABO-PE patients (p < 0.001) and the total volume of blood products transfused during the hospital admission was significantly lower (164 [126-212] ml/kg vs 323 [268-379] ml/kg, p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted between methods in either pre or post-transplant maximum isohaemagglutinin titres, incidence of rejection, length of intensive care or total hospital stay. Survival comparison showed no significant difference between antibody reduction methods, or indeed ABO-compatible transplants (p = 0.6).ConclusionsThis novel technique appears to allow a significantly older population than typical to undergo ABO-incompatible heart transplantation, as well as significantly reducing blood product utilization. Furthermore, intraoperative anti-A/B immunoadsorption does not demonstrate increased early post-transplant isohaemagglutinin accumulation or rates of rejection compared to ABO-PE. Early survival is equivalent between ABO-IA, ABO-PE and ABO-compatible heart transplantation.

Ten years of volcanic activity at Mt Etna: High-resolution mapping and accurate quantification of the morphological changes by Pleiades and Lidar data

The topography of Mt. Etna, Italy, is subjected to continuous modifications depending on intensity and magnitude of eruptions that frequently occur at the volcano summit and flanks. In order to make high-resolution maps of morphological changes and accurately calculate the overall volume of the erupted products (e.g., lava flows, tephra fall out, scoriae cones) in ten years, we have compared the altimetry models of Mt. Etna derived from 2005 Airborne Laser Scanning data and 2015 Pleiades stereo satellite imagery. Both models cover a common area of 400 km2 with spatial resolution of 2 m and comparable vertical accuracy (RMSE < 0.8 m). The results show that the area most affected by the erupted products is the mid-upper portion of the volcano with an altitude ranging from 1300 m to more than 3300 m a.s.l., value reached at the summit of the North East crater. In particular, this portion changes dramatically in the eastern sector due to the birth and growth of the New South-East Crater, the invasion of dozens of lava flows in the Valle del Bove, and the formation of the 2014 scoriae cones and lava field at the base of the North-East Crater. The total volume of products erupted in the investigated period results in 284.3±15.8 x 106 m3 with a yearly average volume of 28.4 x 106 m3/y comparable with the previous decades. In addition, the products emitted by the 2014 sub-terminal eruption are mapped and quantified including, for the first time, the volume of the 2014 scoriae cones generated on the eastern flank of North-East Crater This study demonstrates how a rigorous comparison between digital elevation models derived from different remote sensing techniques produce high accurate mapping and quantifications of morphological changes applicable for worldwide active volcanoes. This allows to quantify volumes and areas of erupted products reducing the error estimations, a crucial point to provide precise data often used as key parameters for many volcanic hazard studies.

The Debate ROTEMs on–the Utility of Point-of-care Testing and Fibrinogen Concentrate in Postpartum Hemorrhage

(Anaesthesia. 2020;75:1247–1251) A 2019 report by McNamara et al revealed 4 years of data from their use of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to help guide the treatment of major obstetric hemorrhage (PPH; defined as &gt;1500 mL estimated blood loss with continued bleeding or evidence of shock). Their proposed ROTEM-guided strategy for transfusion called for fibrinogen concentrate to treat coagulopathy in place of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and/or cryoprecipitate. The ROTEM-based protocol was compared to the previous care standard, which included a shock pack containing four units of FFP, four units of packed red cells, and one pooled unit of platelets. The authors of the original report noted that use of the ROTEM-guided transfusion algorithm had a statistically significant reduction in the number of units and total volume of blood products transfused. This, in turn, pushed them to argue that not all women who experience major PPH are coagulopathic suggesting that perhaps goal-directed transfusion guided by point-of-care (POC) testing is more justified than the routine use of transfusion shock packs in these cases. This issue of Clinical Consequences aims to discuss several controversies: use of fibrinogen concentrates in PPH-related coagulopathy, utility of POC testing in obstetrics and impact of POC testing in guidelines for PPH management; and finally the McNamara et al paper’s likely influence on clinical practice.

Investigation of the process of rye brews saccharification

Malt varieties of bread made from rye and a mixture of rye and wheat flour are enjoyed and of the greatest demand in the Republic of Belarus, the share of which in the total volume of bakery products reaches 45.2%, and in the volume of the bread assortment – up to 100.0%. The production of custard breads is carried out mainly with the use of fermented brews obtained on the basis of saccharified and thermophilic fermented brews, which is a multistage continuously prepared semi-finished product. At a discrete mode, the stage of preparing saccharified brews as the basis for thermophilic fermented and, ultimately, fermented brews are not realizable due to the impossibility of ensuring its stable chemical composition. The purpose of this work was to establish the relationship between the indicators of saccharified brews, its recipe composition and the technological parameters of preparation, which make it possible to predict the indicators of this semi-finished product at a discrete mode, control them and justifiably regulate the composition and technological parameters. The studies were carried out on the basis of bakery enterprises of the Republic of Belarus operating in a discrete mode. As an object of research, we selected saccharified tea leaves with a mass fraction of moisture 72.0%. The work uses special methods for assessing the indicators of saccharified brews. It has been established that for the preparation of saccharified brewing in the production cycle, seeded rye flour is used in an amount of 10.0% to 24.0%, unfermented rye malt in an amount of 2.0% to 8.0% of the flour mass according to a unified recipe for malt bread, the duration of the saccharification of the brews varies from 60 minutes to 720 minutes, and the temperature – from 45ºС to 65ºС. Different combinations of the composition of saccharified brews and the technological parameters of their preparation affect the dynamics of hydrolytic processes of flour biopolymers, which leads to instability of the chemical composition. Dependences have been obtained between the indices of saccharified brews, their recipe composition and technological parameters of preparation for regulating the chemical composition in the case of instability of applications of trade organizations for an assortment of malt varieties of bread and discreteness in the operating mode of baking enterprises.

STUDY OF WATER ECONOMIZERS OF STEAM BOILERS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES FOR EXTENDING THEIR OPERATION

The operation of the economizer of the P-50 boiler unit, as well as the conditions of its operation have been studied.&#x0D; The economizer is one of the main components of the boiler unit. It works in very difficult conditions. The quality of the feed water supplied to the drum depends on the operation of the economizer. The thermal calculation of steam boiler type P-50 using different values ​​of feed water temperatures at the inlet to the economizer and different coefficients of excess air in the furnace, identified and analyzed factors that negatively affect the operation of the water economizer to conduct a detailed analysis and development of recommendations to improve the operation of the steam boiler as a whole and separately economizing heating surfaces.&#x0D; As a result of the calculations, the dependences of the heat perception of the economizer on the temperature of the feed water at the inlet to the economizer and the dependence of the excess air on the total volume of combustion products are obtained.&#x0D; The paper considers in detail the possible causes of failure of economizers and factors that have a negative impact on the condition of the metal pipes; proposed recommendations that will increase the service life of economizers until the next repair campaign.

Efficiency of In-Store Interventions to Impact Customers to Purchase Healthier Food and Beverage Products in Real-Life Grocery Stores: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Grocery stores are important settings to promote healthier food and beverage choices. The present paper aims at reviewing the effectiveness of different types of in-store interventions and how they impact sales of different product category in real grocery stores. Systematic search was conducted in six databases. In-store interventions were categorized according to the framework by Kraak et al. (2017) into one or more of eight interventions (e.g., place, profile, portion, pricing, promotion, healthy default picks, prompting and proximity). This systematic theme-based review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) data screening and selection. Thirty-six studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 72 combinations of in-store interventions. The analysis demonstrates that interventions overall had small significant effect size (ES) using Cohen’s d on food purchase behavior (d = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.09]), with largest ES for pricing (d = 0.21) and targeting fruits and vegetables (d = 0.28). Analysis of ES of in-store interventions show that pricing, and pricing combined with promotion and prompting, effectively impacted purchase behavior. Interventions significantly impacted both sales of healthy and unhealthy products and significantly increased sales of fruits and vegetables, healthy beverage and total volume of healthy products. Results should however be interpreted with some caution, given the relatively low quality of overall evidence and low number of studies and observations for some types of intervention. Further research exploring impact on different in-store interventions and targeting especially unhealthy products are needed.

Собівартість виробництва водню з використанням частки електроенергії вітрової електростанції в Україні

To ensure the balance reliability of regimes of UES functioning, it was necessary to apply restrictions on generation from renewable energy sources (RES). In this regard, a number of amendments was made in 2020 to the Law of Ukraine "On the Electricity Market" dated April 13, 2017 No. 2019-VIII, which provide for reduction of the rates of the "green" tariff for renewable energy projects. CJSC NEC "Ukrenergo" predicts limitation of electricity production from renewable sources against the background of their growing capacity and falling consumption – up to 1 billion kW∙h. The total volume of electricity production from renewable energy sources in 2019 was about 4.5 billion kW∙h. One of the most efficient ways to use excessive electricity is producing hydrogen. Hydrogen has been successfully used as a raw material for many years. The total estimated value of the hydrogen feedstock market is $ 115 billion, and it is expected only to grow, reaching $ 155 billion by 2022. Hydrogen is widely used at present in various industries and sectors. It should be noted separately that the use of hydrogen instead of natural gas does not lead to increasing greenhouse gas emissions and favors the decarbonization of economy. In addition, the by-product of electrolysis is purified oxygen, which is currently relevant. The cost of hydrogen generated with the use of renewable electricity is typically $ 2.5–6.6 / kg of hydrogen. The most well-known technological options for producing hydrogen from RES are water electrolysis and steam reforming of biomethane / biogas with or without carbon capture and use / storage. The purpose of this paper was to estimate the weighted average cost of hydrogen in Ukraine at the expense of RES electricity, in particular, produced by a wind power plant with using water electrolysis. We developed an algorithm for calculating the weighted average cost of hydrogen production using wind power plants for the conditions of Ukraine, taking into account the determination of installed capacities of the battery, electrolyzer, and distiller. According to the calculation results, the weighted average cost of hydrogen production was about US $ 5.1 / kg of hydrogen. Keywords: hydrogen production, renewable energy sources, wind farm, weighted average cost. mathematical model, storage, electrolyzer

Vitamin K and ECMO for neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure.

The objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to examine the effect of vitamin K administration on hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications, blood product utilization, and outcomes in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In the pilot study, complications, blood product use, and outcome data for neonates who received (n = 21) or did not receive (n = 18) a single dose of vitamin K (5 mg) immediately after initiation of ECMO for respiratory failure between 2006 and 2010 were compared. In the validation cohort, complications and outcomes were compared for 74 consecutive neonates supported with ECMO for respiratory failure who received (n = 45) or did not receive (n = 29) additional vitamin K once daily for prothrombin time (PT) ⩾14 seconds during ECMO from 2014 to 2019. In the pilot study, vitamin K at ECMO initiation was associated with fewer thrombotic complications and similar hemorrhagic complications. The volume of fresh frozen plasma was higher in neonates who received vitamin K, but total blood product and other component volume did not differ between groups. ECMO run time, survival off ECMO, survival to discharge, and length of stay did not differ between cohorts. In the validation cohort, neonates who received additional vitamin K during ECMO had longer ECMO run time and length of stay, but no difference in mortality was observed. Further, thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications as well as blood product exposure were similar between cohorts. These data suggest that routine vitamin K administration may have limited or no benefit during neonatal ECMO.

Association of Cryoprecipitate Use With Survival After Major Trauma in Children Receiving Massive Transfusion

Although most massive transfusion protocols incorporate cryoprecipitate in the treatment of hemorrhaging injured patients, minimal data exist on its use in children, and whether its addition improves their survival is unclear. To determine whether cryoprecipitate use for injured children who receive massive transfusion is associated with lower mortality. This retrospective cohort study included injured patients examined between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, at one of multiple centers across the US and Canada participating in the Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program. Patients were aged 18 years or younger and had received massive transfusion, which was defined as at least 40 mL/kg of total blood products in the first 4 hours after emergency department arrival. Exclusion criteria included hospital transfer, arrival without signs of life, time of death or hospital discharge not recorded, and isolated head injuries. To adjust for potential confounding, a propensity score for treatment was created and inverse probability weighting was applied. The propensity score accounted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, injury type, payment type, Glasgow Coma Scale score, hypoxia, hypotension, assisted respirations, chest tube status, Injury Severity Score, total volume of blood products received, hemorrhage control procedure, hospital size, academic status, and trauma center designation. Data were analyzed from December 11, 2019, to August 31, 2020. Cryoprecipitate use within the first 4 hours of emergency department arrival. In-hospital 24-hour and 7-day mortality. Of the 2387 injured patients who received massive transfusion, 1948 patients were eligible for analysis. The median age was 16 years (interquartile range, 9-17 years), 1382 patients (70.9%) were male, and 807 (41.4%) were White. A total of 541 patients (27.8%) received cryoprecipitate. After propensity score weighting, patients who received cryoprecipitate had a significantly lower 24-hour mortality when compared with those who did not (adjusted difference, -6.9%; 95% CI, -10.6% to -3.2%). Moreover, cryoprecipitate use was associated with a significantly lower 7-day mortality but only in children with penetrating trauma (adjusted difference, -9.2%; 95% CI, -15.4% to -3.0%) and those transfused at least 100 mL/kg of total blood products (adjusted difference, -7.7%; 95% CI, -15.0% to -0.5%). In this cohort study, early use of cryoprecipitate was associated with lower 24-hour mortality among injured children who required massive transfusion. The benefit of cryoprecipitate appeared to persist for 7 days only in those with penetrating trauma and in those who received extremely large-volume transfusion.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ОПЫТ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

The pandemic, which began in 2020, has seriously exacerbated the problem of food security in many countries. The purpose of the research is to identify the main factors of the stability of the agro-industrial complex using the example of one of the Russian regions and to consider the possibility of applying the accumulated experience in other subjects of the Federation. The object of the study is the Republic of Mordovia, a relatively small Volga region, located in the zone of risky farming and consistently demonstrating high rates of agricultural production. The region produces 1.2% of the total volume of agricultural products while its area is 0.2% and a population is 0.54% of the values of these indicators in the country. The study used data from Rosstat, proceedings from authoritative international organizations. One of the main factors for the stability of the regional agri-food complex is the high proportion of agricultural organizations, which is significantly higher than the national average. However, the cultivation of potatoes and vegetables is mainly concentrated in personal subsidiary plots, therefore, along with the implementation of an agricultural policy aimed at the development of large-scale agro-industrial production, it is necessary to organize the purchase of products from the population. This will help raise the living standards of villagers and stabilize the demographic situation. Another factor in the sustainable development of agriculture in Mordovia is the correct choice of intra-industry specialization. The leading industry is animal husbandry, the success of which is largely ensured by the dynamic development of poultry farming: the region accounts for 3.6% of the poultry population in agricultural organizations of the Russian Federation, Mordovia ranks 10th in the country in the production of eggs in agricultural organizations. The current demographic situation poses a potential threat to the development of the agricultural sector. If in Russia 1990-2018 the number of rural residents decreased by 4%, while in the Republic of Mordovia - by more than 30%. Therefore, the priority task of the social and economic policy of Mordovia should be the preservation of the rural population and the creation of conditions for attracting and fixing migrants in the region

“THE EFFECT OF RICE SOWING ON THE SEEDLING METHOD FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS, PLANTING PATTERN AND THE NUMBER OF SEEDLINGS”

The article provides information on the effect of the optimal amount of seedlings, planting patterns and timing on plant growth cycles when growing rice as a secondary crop. Nowadays, the demand for food is also increasing tremendously as a result of the rapid growth of the world’s population. This indicates that the issue of food security will become more complicated in the future. Like all food products, the population's demand for rice is growing from year to year. According to official FAO data, by 2020, the total volume of rice production should reach 750 million tons to meet the demand of the world population for rice.&#x0D;

Заготовки сельскохозяйственной продукции в Советском государстве в 1917-1931 гг.

The research objective is as follows: to estimate the total volume of agricultural products produced in the Soviet Union in the period from 1917 to 1931. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that relying on archival materials, the author analyses dynamics of production of the main agricultural products in the mentioned period. The research findings are as follows: the author identifies and describes three stages of the Soviet procurement policy formation - the years of the Civil War, the period of the New Economic Policy, the years of the first five-year plan.

A multi-objective approach to sugarcane harvest planning in Thailand: Balancing output maximization, grower equity, and supply chain efficiency

This paper addresses a multi-objective sugarcane harvesting problem in Thailand, where several conflicting objectives and local restrictions are regarded as major obstacles to a sustainable sugar production environment. A multi-objective modeling approach that balances three different objectives of different key supply chain actors, namely (i) maximizing output in terms of total sugar production volume, (ii) maximizing grower equity in terms of a fair harvesting time-slot distribution, and (iii) maximizing supply chain efficiency in terms of a lower variability in resource requirements across the harvesting season, is introduced and solved by a state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary genetic algorithm. To better help the algorithm generate efficient solutions forming the Pareto front, two local searches are also embedded and intermittently performed during algorithm execution. Based on the information of an operating mill in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, we have found that our approach produces solutions that are close to optimal in terms of production output. Nonetheless, by sacrificing a small amount of production output, these solutions provide significant improvements in terms of grower equity and supply chain resource efficiency, which are crucial for the survivability of involved actors.

ОЦІНКА РІВНЯ РОЗВИТКУ МАЛОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В РЕГІОНАХ

The article offers a methodical approach to determining the level of small business growth in the regions of Ukraine, based on the calculation of the integrated index. Small business is an important component of region’s economy, but its role and importance in socio-economic development vary depending on the heterogeneous industrial development of the regions. There is a need for a comprehensive assessment of the level of small business development to identify growth points and areas of support. In author’s opinion, the indicators of small business development currently used to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of regional programs to support small business do not reflect the impact of small business activities on the regional development at all. The author focuses the reader’s attention on determination of the level of development of small business and its role in the economy of the regions using the method of integrated index. This index is taken into consideration the extensiveness, intensity and social significance of small business. The coefficient of extensiveness is the share of small enterprises in the total number of enterprises in the region; the intensity coefficient is the share of the volume of products (goods, services) sold by small enterprises in the total volume of products (goods, services) sold in the region. The social significance of small business is calculated as the geometric mean of the product of the share of employees in small enterprises in the total number of employees in enterprises of the region and the share of personnel costs of small enterprises in total personnel costs of all enterprises in the region. The calculation of the general index of small business development in the regions is provided in the article. It allows to draw conclusions that small business has the greatest impact on the development of Kherson, Chernivtsi and Kirovohrad regions, and the least - on the development of Donetsk and Dnipropetrovsk regions. The article concludes by outlining prospects for further research. The analysis of indicators of extensiveness, intensity and social significance of small business makes it possible to highlight the problems that hinder its successful growth in the regions and require concentration of efforts for urgent solution.