Total Oxidant Status Values Research Articles

Oxidative Stress Level in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

One of the antioxidant mechanisms is the dynamic balance between thiol and disulfide, which, in subarachnoid hemorrhage and other chronic diseases, is disrupted in favor of the latter. The two most commonly used oxidative stress (OS) biochemical markers are the oxidative stress index (OSI) value, which indicates the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) balance, and the thiol-disulfide (TDS) value, which indicates the total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT) balance. High OS levels require further investigations. We aimed to investigate the OS level in aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) patients. In this clinical prospective study, blood samples were collected from 50 consecutively treated patients with aSAH and 50 volunteers. Serum TOS, TAS, TT, and NT levels were measured using Erel's method via a spectrophotometer. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, Fisher grades, length of hospital stay (LOS), and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were recorded. Consequently, the OSI and TDS values were calculated in all participants. A statistically significant difference was observed in the TAS, TOS, OSI, and TDS values between the aSAH patients and the controls. The TT and NT values were significantly lower in aSAH patients than in the controls. A correlation was identified between the OSI values and the GCS scores. Although a correlation was observed between the TDS values and the LOS, no correlation was found between the OSI and the TDS values. The OSI and TDS, which are OS indicators, might serve as the additional objective nominal data to evaluate the treatment efficacy and follow-up for SAH patients. Moreover, decreasing the OSI values and increasing the TT values can be used as improvement indicators in the treated aSAH patients. If we can reduce the OS at the early stage of SAH, it could improve the prognosis by reducing both the morbidity and mortality rates. Further randomized investigations are required to prove the findings in this prospective study.

Nebivolol alleviates liver damage caused by methotrexate via AKT1/Hif1α/eNOS signaling

Despite the wide clinical indications, methotrexate (MTX) use is limited because of serious side effects including liver toxicity. MTX was shown to cause tissue damage by mainly oxidative stress and also inflammation and apoptosis. Thus, Nebivolol (NEB) which has antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties were thought to be effective against MTX-induced injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NEB on MTX-induced liver toxicity via AKT/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha (HIF1α)/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) signaling pathways. Rats were divided into three groups as control, MTX, and NEB. A single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was given to the rats on the first day of the experiment and NEB (10 mg/kg, daily by oral gavage) was given to the treatment group for a week. At the end of the experiment, bloods were taken for aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (T-BIL) analyses. Liver tissues were harvested for biochemical (total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), genetic (PCR analyses for AKT1, eNOS, and HIF1a), and histological (Hemotoxylin-Eosin, Masson Trichome, Periodic Acid Schiff-Asien Blue, reticulin for histological, and CD3 for immunohistochemical staining) analyses. MTX increased the levels of TOS values, AST, ALT, T-BIL levels and decreased the expressions of AKT/HIF1α/eNOS. NEB treatment reversed all these changes markedly via decreasing inflammation by nitric oxid (NO) production. In conclusion, NEB treatment significantly preserves the liver by decreasing oxidant levels and inflammatory parameters through HIF1α/eNOS signaling. Due to the antioxidant properties of NEB, it can be used in other liver injury models sharing the same pathway.

Oxidative Stress Markers in Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Their Correlation with Cardiac Enzymes

Objective: The relationship between oxidative stress and acute myocardial infarction has been shown in studies. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) reflect the oxidative balance. The risk factors, clinical features, and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young patients differ from older counterparts. This study aims to determine the oxidative stress in the young acute AMI patients and its' correlation with cardiac markers within 48 hours by the quantitative measurement of TAS, TOS, and OSI. Material and Method: In this prospective, controlled study, we included 50 patients who were 45 years old or younger and diagnosed with AMI, as well as 20 healthy individuals as the control group. TOS and TAS were measured from venous blood samples via the spectrophotometric method. The oxidative stress index was obtained from these parameters. Results: Forty-five of totally 50 patients were male, and the mean age was (36±6.8). TOS and OSI values were found significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.002, p=0.005, respectively). TAS values were found not to be different from the control group (p=0.46). A significant correlation was found between CK 0. hour (h.), and TOS 0. h., CK-MB 0. h., and TOS 0. h., CK 48. h. and OSI 48. h., CK-MB 48. h. and OSI 48. h., respectively (r=0.36, p=0.008), (r=0.46, p=0.001), (r=0.32, p=0.03), (r=0.36, p<0.01). Conclusion: Oxidative stress increases in the early hours of AMI. The TOS and OSI values are correlated with cardiac markers at only some time points, and their prognostic values are limited in young AMI patients. TAS is not correlated with cardiac markers.

Effect of periodontal disease on oxidative stress markers in patients with atherosclerosis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal inflammation on oxidative stress in patients with atherosclerosis by considering serum and saliva total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). In the study, there were 4 groups, with 20 individuals in each group. These groups consisted of individuals who had periodontitis with atherosclerosis (group A-P), were periodontally healthy with atherosclerosis (group A-C), were systemically healthy with periodontitis (group P), and were systemically and periodontally healthy (group C). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. PISA values were calculated. Atherosclerosis severity was determined by the Gensini score. The ratio of TAS/TOS resulting in the OSI levels of the serum and saliva samples was examined biochemically. Group A-P serum TAS and group C saliva OSI values were lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Group A-P serum TOS and OSI values were higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Groups A-C and P serum TOS and OSI values were higher than those of group C (p < 0.05). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, group A-P and PISA values were independently associated with serum TOS and OSI values (p < 0.05). Group A-P, group P, and PISA values were independently associated with saliva OSI values (p < 0.05). Periodontitis and atherosclerosis may have systemic oxidative stress-increasing effects. The coexistence of periodontitis and atherosclerosis increases oxidative stress beyond that seen in either condition alone. Periodontitis can be associated with increased systemic TOS and OSI values in patients with atherosclerosis. Oxidative status is affected more severely when periodontitis and atherosclerosis coexist rather than when either exists alone. Periodontitis can cause increasing effect on serum TOS and OSI and decreasing effect on TAS in patients with atherosclerosis. The increase in oxidative stress markers with the presence of periodontal disease in patients with atherosclerosis emphasizes that controlling periodontal diseases, a treatable disease, may contribute to the prognosis of atherosclerosis.

Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation effects on serum values of some oxidative stress biomarkers in women with gestational diabetes

Aims Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a unique antioxidant that can eradicate different kinds of free radicals. The current trial was designed to investigate the effects of ALA supplementation on some oxidative stress biomarkers in women with GDM. Materials and methods Sixty women with GDM at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy were selected and then they were divided into the drug (n = 30) received ALA 300 mg/day for 8 weeks and the placebo (n = 30) groups. Serum values of fasting blood sugar (FBS), thiol groups, glutathione, catalase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Values of the oxidative stress index (OSI), the MDA/TAC ratio and total antioxidant gap (TAG) were calculated. Results After the intervention values of FBS (p = .001), TAC (p < .001), OSI (p = .003), TAG (p = .001) and catalase (p < .001) were improved significantly in the drug group. Values of TOS (p = .070) and glutathione (p = .088) were improved marginally in the drug group. Conclusions The current study showed that ALA supplementation at a dosage of 300 mg/day in women with GDM had improving effects on maternal circulating values of FBS, TAC, OSI, TAG, TOS, glutathione and catalase.

Effects of vitamin B12 on rat ovary with ischemia-reperfusion injury

ABSTRACT We investigated the histopathological and biochemical effects of vitamin B12 on ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury using a rat ovarian torsion-detorsion model. We used four groups of female Wistar albino rats. Group 1 (sham group): both ovaries were removed. Group 2 (torsion group): ovarian torsion was established. Group 3 (torsion-detorsion group) perfusion was retored after ischemia for 2 h. Group 4 (torsion-detorsion-vitamin B12 group): after 2 h ovarian torsion, perfusion was re-established and 4 mg/kg vitamin B12 was administered for 2 h. Follicular degeneration, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, edema and infiltration were evaluated histologically. Tissue damage was decreased in group 4 compared to groups 2 and 3. Total antioxidant status TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured. The values for TOS and MDA for groups 1 and 4 were similar. We found a significant increase in MDA and TOS levels in group 3 compared to group 2. MDA and TAS levels decreased and TOS levels were increased in group 4 compared to groups 2 and 3. MDA, TAS and TOS values were increased in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1. We found that vitamin B12 reduced I-R damage in the rat ovary.

Vitamin D improves oxidative stress and histopathological damage in rat ovaries caused by hyperthyroidism.

The aim of this study is to investigate the histopathological and biochemical efficacy of vitamin D on oxidative damage and fibrosis in rat ovaries induced by experimental hyperthyroidism. This study is a comparative, prospective experimental rat study. Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups. Only distilled water was given to the rats in group 1 for 25 days. In group 2, 100 μg/day L-thyroxine was given to rats for 25 days. In Group 3, 100 μg/day L-thyroxine and 200 IU/day vitamin D were given to rats for 25 days. In group 4, only 200 IU/day vitamin D was administered for 25 days. This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effect of vitamin D against ovarian damage caused by experimental hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism caused fibrotic degenerative changes in the ovaries and an increase in the fibrillin 1 score. It caused serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels to increase and serum E2 levels to decrease. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels increased in rats with hyperthyroidism. Vitamin D decreased MDA and TOS values and increased total antioxidant status (TAS) values in rats with hyperthyroidism. It also increased TSH values by causing a decrease in TT3 and TT4 values. It decreased fibrosis, follicle degeneration, stromal degeneration, and fibrillin 1 score in ovarian tissue. Vitamin D has positive histopathological and biochemical effects on the oxidative stress and follicle damage caused by hyperthyroidism in ovarian tissue. Human studies with larger case populations should be conducted to evaluate the effects and clinical applications of vitamin D.

Oxidative stress and cyto-genotoxicity induced by poly-d-glucosamine in human blood cells in vitro.

Poly-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (CH; chitin) is the main component of the insect skeleton, fungal cell wall, and many crustaceans, including crab and shrimp. CH is the most abundant in nature after cellulose, and it has a complex and hardly soluble structure. Poly-d-glucosamine (CHO; chitosan) is a soluble derivative of CH produced by deacetylation used in many fields, including human health. This study carried out the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative effects of CHO on human whole blood (hWB) and lymphocytes (LYMs) in dose ranges 6.25-2000μg/mL, in vitro. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) analyzes were performed on plasma to appreciate oxidative stress. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were applied to understand the cytotoxicity. Chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) methods were practiced to evaluate genotoxicity. 6.25-150μg/mL doses increased TAC and decreased TOS. A decreasing and increasing curve from 200 to 2000μg/mL on TAC and TOS values were determined, respectively. 0-250μg/mL doses did not provide any cytotoxic data. However, 500-2000μg/mL doses showed increasing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The study results showed that CHO does not pose a toxic risk to human health at low doses but may pose a threat at high doses.

Long-term Effect of Intravenous Iron Carboxymaltose Treatment on Oxidative Stress in Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Objective: This study aims to clarify the effects of intravenous iron supplementation on biomarkers for oxidative stress in women with iron deficiency anemia.&#x0D; Methods: This is a cross-sectional review of 40 healthy women and 40 women who underwent intravenous iron treatment due to anemia. Biochemical markers for oxidative stress were determined for both healthy controls and anemic patients. These markers were also evaluated at hour 1 and day 30 of intravenous iron treatment.&#x0D; Results: The patients with anemia had significantly higher catalase activity and total oxidant status (TOS) but significantly lower nitrate and total anti-oxidant status (TAS) than the healthy controls (p=0.0245, p&lt;0.0001, p=0.0437 and p&lt;0.0001 respectively). At hour 1 of intravenous iron treatment, nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, total thiol and TAS values were significantly lower and TOS values were significantly higher than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0322, p=0.0003, p=0.0005, p&lt;0.0001, p&lt;0.0001 and p=0.004). At day 30 of intravenous iron treatment, catalase activity, nitrate, total thiol and TOS values were significantly lower than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0332, p=0.0015, p=0.0391 and p&lt;0.0001 respectively) and at hour 1 of treatment (p=0.0498, p&lt;0.0001, p=0.0004 and p&lt;0.0001 respectively). At day 30 of intravenous iron treatment, nitric oxide and TAS values were significantly higher than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0480 and p=0.001 respectively) and at hour 1 of treatment (p&lt;0.0001 for both).&#x0D; Conclusion: Intravenous iron replacement prompts oxidative stress at hour 1 of infusion in adults with anemia but this increase resolves partially in the following 30 days.

A safety assessment of hot aqueous mycelium extracts from Trametes versicolor and Lepista nuda as a food supplement

Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd and Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke, known as an edible and medicinal mushroom, draws attention as a source of functional food development. Investigation of these fungal species on blood cultures in terms of human health will supplement the literature. In this study, the biomass of T. versicolor and L. nuda were used to prepare hot aqueous mycelium extracts (HAMEs). HAMEs were evaluated for antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity on human blood cultures (HBCs) in vitro. HBCs were initially incubated with HAMEs in 0.01-2 g/L dose ranges for 1 and 2 days and then analyzed. Firstly, the antioxidant activity on blood serum was determined by using Rel Assay kits with TAC (total antioxidant capacity), TOS (total oxidant status), and OSI (oxidative stress index) values. Secondly, cytotoxicity on lymphocytes was determined using neutral red uptake (NRU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Doses of 0.05 to 0.5 g/L of T. versicolor and L. nuda increased TAC levels and decreased TOS values. 0.01 and 1 g/L did not change the TOS values but increased it by 2 g/L. In the second case, the dose range 0.01-1 g/L did not offer cytotoxic data. However, 2 g/L caused a 2 % increase in LDH and a 7 % decrease in NRU. As a result, this study presented that any evident signs of toxicity did not accompany T. versicolor and L. nuda HAMEs applications at 0.01-1 g/L dose ranges and 1–2 days on HBCs. The lack of toxicity supports the potential usage of T. versicolor and L. nuda in specified doses as a food or dietary supplement.

Are the oxidative stress levels in the tumor center and tumor boundary different from those in healthy tissue?

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress levels in the tumor center, tumor edge, and healthy tissue. This study included a total of 53 patients with head and neck cancer. Samples of 5 × 5 × 5 mm were collected from the tumor center, tumor edge, and the healthy tissue. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were evaluated. (1) Oxidative stress values in the center and edge of all tumors and in healthy tissues were compared according to localization. (2) Tumors were divided into two groups as malignant (Group 1 [n = 28]: Laryngeal and tongue squamous cell cancers) and benign (Group 2 [n = 25]: Pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumors). The groups were compared according to the localization of the tissues. The TOS value in the tumor edge was significantly higher than those in the tumor center and the healthy tissue. The TAS value in tissue located in the tumor edge was significantly higher than in the healthy tissue. The OSI value in the tumor edge was significantly higher than those in the tumor center and the healthy tissue. In all three localizations (tumor center, tumor edge, and healthy tissue), TOS and OSI values in Group 1 were significantly higher than Group 2. Oxidative stress values in the tumor edge are significantly higher than the center of the tumor and healthy tissue. In malignant tumors, oxidative stress values are significantly higher in all localizations compared to benign tumors.

Oxidative imbalance in autoimmune liver disease: evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant status and ischemia-modified albumin

Objective: Current study evaluated the utility of total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and ischemia-modified albumin ratio (IMAR) as markers in autoimmune liver disease (AILD).&#x0D; Material and Methods: The study included a total of 66 AILD patients, 22 with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 32 with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and 12 with AIH/PBC overlap syndrome, and 49 healthy controls. Serum TAS, TOS, IMA, albumin (Alb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were analyzed. OSI was calculated as TOS/TAS and IMAR was derived from IMA and Alb.&#x0D; Results: Serum TAS, OSI, TOS, IMA, and IMAR values were found to be significantly higher in the AILD group compared to controls (p=0.004,

Effect of different estrus synchronization protocols on estrus and pregnancy rates, oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in Hair goats

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different estrus synchronization protocols, some fertility parameters and serum biochemical parameters including total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in Hair goats. The study was carried out on 150 female Hair goats during the breeding season. Goats were divided into three groups as control (n = 50), short-term (n = 50) and long-term (n = 50) groups. Control group did not receive any treatment, short-term group received intravaginal P4 (7 d) combined with GnRH (on days 0 and 9) and PGF2α (on day 7), and long-term group received intravaginal P4 (12 d) combined with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (on day 12) and GnRH (on day 13). In control group, blood samples were collected at the beginning (first measurement) and 7th day (second measurement) of the study. In short-term and long-term groups, blood samples were collected at the time of sponge insertion (first measurement) and withdrawal (second measurement). Serum TAS, TOS, P4, E2, TSH levels were measured on all sampling days, and OSI was calculated. All the groups were observed for estrus behavior and those showing the signs of estrus were allowed for mating. Transrectal ultrasound examination was performed to diagnose pregnancy approximately 40 days after mating. The onset of estrus was earlier in short-term group compared to long-term group (P < 0.001). The estrus and pregnancy rates were significantly higher in short-term group compared to other groups (P < 0.05). At the time of first measurement, E2 level in short-term group and P4 level in long-term group were higher and lower than the other groups, respectively (P < 0.05). At the time of second measurement, TAS, TOS, OSI and E2 levels were significantly different in short-term group compared to control and long-term groups (P < 0.01). Additionally, P4 level in control group and TSH level in long-term group increased (P < 0.01). While TAS level in short-term group and E2 level in all groups increased from the first measurement to the second measurement, the TOS and OSI values decreased (P < 0.01). TSH level in short-term group decreased from the first measurement to the second measurement (P < 0.01), while it increased in long-term and control groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it was obtained that synchronization protocols can affect serum TAS, TOS, E2, P4, TSH and OSI levels; and short-term intravaginal P4 treatment combined with GnRH and PGF2α clearly improved the antioxidant defense system and increased fertility parameters in Hair goats.

Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

The telomere length is shown to act as a biomarker, especially for biological aging and cardiovascular diseases, and it is also suggested that with this correlation, increased exposure to the oxidative stress accelerates the vascular aging process. Therefore, this study aims to understand the correlation between the plasma oxidative stress index (OSI) status and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and cardiologic parameters between the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) groups. One hundred one newly diagnosed patients with STEMI (n=55) and NSTEMI (n=46) were included in the study, along with 100 healthy controls who matched the patients in terms of age and gender. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and LTL were measured. When LTL, TAS, TOS, and OSI values were evaluated between the patient and control group, OSI (p=0.000) and LTL (p=0.05) values were statistically significant in the patient group compared to the control group. Evaluation was conducted to understand whether there is a difference between the STEMI and NSTEMI groups. The plasma OSI (p=0.007) and LTL (p=0.05) were found to be significantly lower in STEMI patients. However, LTL and OSI results were not statistically significant in NSTEMI patients. This is the first study evaluating telomere length and oxidative stress in STEMI and NSTEMI patients in Turkey. Our results support the existence of short telomere length in STEMI patients. Future studies on telomere length and oxidative stress will support the importance of our findings.

A combined injectable contraceptive improves plasma redox status and does not induce vascular changes in female rats.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combined injectable contraceptive (CIC) containing estradiol valerate (EV) and norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) on aorta function and morphology, as well as on redox status, of female Wistar rats. Female rats (9-10 weeks of age) received intramuscular injections of CIC (0.1 mg EV plus 1 mg NET-EN) or castor oil (control group, CTL) for 8 weeks, once a week. Food intake, body weight and systolic blood pressure were measured during the treatment period. Thoracic aortic segments were prepared for isometric tension recording and morphological analysis. Redox status was evaluated by total oxidant status (TOS) and lipid peroxidation (LP) on plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) on whole blood. CIC group presented lower food intake and lower total weight gain compared to CTL group. There was no change in systolic blood pressure, vascular response of aorta to phenylephrine and acetylcholine and aorta thickness. Plasma TOS and LP values were reduced in CIC group, although GSH was not altered. It was shown that the long-term treatment with the CIC containing EV plus NET-EN does not induce endothelial dysfunction and histomorphometric changes of vascular wall, as well as improves redox status on female Wistar rats.

Occurrence of oxidative stress in sheep during different pregnancy periods

The objective of this paper was to evaluate oxidative stress during different pregnancy stages in Lohi sheep reared in Libya. Investigations were carried out on Lohi sheep between 1.5 and 5 years of age. A total of 40 sheep were sub-grouped into various stages of pregnancy along with non-pregnant controls as follows: non-pregnant (n=10), early pregnancy (n=10), mid pregnancy (n=10), and late pregnancy (n=10). Blood samples were collected from pregnant sheep and preserved at -20°C and further used for evaluating the concentrations of total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and paraoxonase (PON-1). In pregnant sheep, TAS, TOS, MDA, SOD, CAT, and PON-1 values were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) different. TOS and MDA increased from non-pregnant ewes to early, mid and late stages of pregnancy whereas TAS, SOD, CAT, and PON-1 significantly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased with the progression of pregnancy. The study suggests that the use of oxidant and antioxidant markers along with the blood metabolic profile should be the recommended procedure for monitoring health status during pregnancy to evade reduced productive performance and economic losses.

Protective effect of cordycepin on experimental renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

To date, various molecules have been investigated to reduce the effect of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, none have yet led to clinical use. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of cordycepin (C) on renal I/R injury in an experimental rat model. Twenty-four mature Sprague Dawley female rat was randomly divided into three groups: Sham, I/R, I/R+C. All animals underwent abdominal exploration. To induce I/R injury, an atraumatic vascular bulldog clamp was applied to the right renal pedicle for 60 minutes (ischemia) and later clamp was removed to allow reperfusion in all rats, except for the sham group. In the I/R + C group, 10 mg/kg C was administered intraperitoneally, immediately after reperfusion. After 4 hours of reperfusion, the experiment was terminated with right nephrectomy. Histological studies and biochemical analyses were performed on the right nephrectomy specimens. EGTI (endothelial, glomerular, tubulointerstitial) histopathology scoring and semi-quantitative analysis of renal cortical necrosis were used for histological analyses and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) for biochemical analyses. Histopathological examination of the tissue damage revealed that all kidneys in the sham group were normal. The I/R group had higher histopathological scores than the I/R + C group. In the biochemical analysis of the tissues, SOD, MDA, TOS values were found to be statistically different in the I/R group compared to the I/R + C group (p: 0.004, 0.004, 0.001 respectively). Intraperitoneal cordycepin injection following ischemia preserve renal tissue against oxidative stress in a rat model of renal I/R injury.

Protective and therapeutic effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in a rat tongue cancer model created experimentally using 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.

Tongue tumors, which are oropharyngeal tumors, are increasing in frequency. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a powerful antioxidant and antitumoral agent. To evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of PDTC in a tongue cancer model induced with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). We included 40 rats in the trial and assigned them randomly to 5 groups. Group 1 (cancer, n = 7): 4-NQO (0-12 weeks); group 2 (protection, n = 8): 4-NQO (0-12 weeks) + PDTC (300 mg/kg/day, 0-12 weeks); group 3 (therapy-high dose, n = 10): 4-NQO (0-12 weeks) + PDTC (600 mg/kg/day, weeks 12-30); group 4 (therapy-low dose, n = 10): 4-NQO (0-12 weeks) + PDTC (300 mg/kg/day, weeks 12-30); and group 5 (control). Cardiac blood samples were taken to analyze oxidative stress parameters (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI)). Histopathological assessment was performed under a light microscope. The results of the histopathological assessment showed that the model we used in group 1 was successful, which was consistent with the literature. The PDTC dose administered in group 2 could not prevent tumor formation. Group 3 demonstrated that PDTC in high doses is effective as a therapeutic agent. Group 4 indicated that PDTC in low doses has no therapeutic effect. The results of the biochemical assessment showed that in group 3, TOS and OSI values were significantly lower than in groups 1, 2 and 4. No significant difference was found in the TOS and OSI values between groups 5 and 3. Our study demonstrated histopathologically that in an experimentally generated tongue cancer model, application of 600 mg/kg/day of PDTC led to a significant reduction in the size of the tumor. This was supported by the biochemical parameters.

Effect of periodontitis on oxidative stress parameters in patients with rheumatic heart valve disease

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodontitis on oxidative stress parameters by investigating serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values in patients with rheumatic heart valve disease (RHVD). Materials and methodsThe study population comprised 76 patients, who were divided into four groups: chronic periodontitis with RVHD (RV-CP), periodontally healthy with RVHD (RV-C), systemically healthy with chronic periodontitis (CP), and systemically and periodontally healthy (C). Demographic, periodontal, and echocardiographic parameters were measured. Serum and GCF oxidative stress parameters were evaluated based on the OSI. ResultsSimilar serum oxidative stress parameters were found in all study groups (P ≥ 0.05). The GCF TAOC values of the C group were significantly higher than those of the other groups (P = 0.001). The GCF OSI values of the C group were significantly lower than those of the other groups (P = 0.001). The GCF TOS and OSI values of the RV-CP group were significantly higher than those of the CP and C groups (P = 0.001). The GCF TOS value of the RV-C group was significantly higher than those of the CP and C groups (P = 0.001). ConclusionsAltered local oxidative stress profile was associated with the presence of periodontitis. Rheumatic heart valve disease may increase oxidative stress in individuals with chronic periodontitis.

Antioxidant Potential of Endemic Salvia absconditiflora

Medicinal plants are important natural materials used in the treatment of many diseases. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of endemic Salvia absconditiflora Greuter &amp; Burdet were determined. Plant samples were collected from Nigde and Erzincan (Turkey) provinces. Ethanol (EtOH) extracts of plant samples were extracted. TAS, TOS and OSI values were determined using Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that the samples of the plant collected from Nigde have higher TAS, TOS and OSI values. As a result, it has been determined that S. absconditiflora can be used as a potential antioxidant source due to high TAS values.