Abstract
Tongue tumors, which are oropharyngeal tumors, are increasing in frequency. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a powerful antioxidant and antitumoral agent. To evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of PDTC in a tongue cancer model induced with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). We included 40 rats in the trial and assigned them randomly to 5 groups. Group 1 (cancer, n = 7): 4-NQO (0-12 weeks); group 2 (protection, n = 8): 4-NQO (0-12 weeks) + PDTC (300 mg/kg/day, 0-12 weeks); group 3 (therapy-high dose, n = 10): 4-NQO (0-12 weeks) + PDTC (600 mg/kg/day, weeks 12-30); group 4 (therapy-low dose, n = 10): 4-NQO (0-12 weeks) + PDTC (300 mg/kg/day, weeks 12-30); and group 5 (control). Cardiac blood samples were taken to analyze oxidative stress parameters (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI)). Histopathological assessment was performed under a light microscope. The results of the histopathological assessment showed that the model we used in group 1 was successful, which was consistent with the literature. The PDTC dose administered in group 2 could not prevent tumor formation. Group 3 demonstrated that PDTC in high doses is effective as a therapeutic agent. Group 4 indicated that PDTC in low doses has no therapeutic effect. The results of the biochemical assessment showed that in group 3, TOS and OSI values were significantly lower than in groups 1, 2 and 4. No significant difference was found in the TOS and OSI values between groups 5 and 3. Our study demonstrated histopathologically that in an experimentally generated tongue cancer model, application of 600 mg/kg/day of PDTC led to a significant reduction in the size of the tumor. This was supported by the biochemical parameters.
Highlights
The results of the histopathological assessment showed that the model we used in group 1 was successful, which was consistent with the literature
Our study demonstrated histopathologically that in an experimentally generated tongue cancer model, application of 600 mg/kg/day of Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) led to a significant reduction in the size of the tumor
Our study confirmed a number of general results: 1) that 20 ppm of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) applied over 12 weeks creates experimental tongue cancer in a rat model; 2) that PDTC applied at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day is not protective against tongue cancer; and 3) that 300 mg/kg/day of PDTC is not sufficient to stop the progress of tongue cancer
Summary
Oral and parapharyngeal cancer represents less than 2% of all deaths from cancer and more than 2% of newly diagnosed cancer cases.[1] The progression of oral cancer proceeds from hyperplastic epithelial lesions to dysplasia and invasive carcinoma.[2] Remission and prognosis are linked to a more detailed understanding of the multi-stage process causing the development of cancer.[3] It is important to repress the carcinogenesis with chemoprotective agents. Many current studies are directed towards identifying currently available chemoprotective agents.[4] Some of these agents are foodstuffs such as vegetables and fruit, and it has been reported that they act as protective agents in carcinoma of the tongue.[5] These chemoprotective agents have anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Tongue tumors, which are oropharyngeal tumors, are increasing in frequency. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a powerful antioxidant and antitumoral agent
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