Total Institution Research Articles

The Existence of the Development of Integrated Islamic Education Institutions (SDIT) and Madrasah in Purwodadi Village

This research aims to analyze the problem of the development of integrated Islamic elementary schools and madrasah in purwodadi village. The approach used is a descriptive approach to analysis of qualitative data. In addition, the data collection techniques used in the study used observation, interviews and documentation. The result of this study is the problem of the development of Islamic-based school trends (SDIT) that have an impact on madrasah. Purwodadi Village has 1 General Kindergarten and 2 TKIT, elementary school consists of 2 State Elementary Schools and 2 SDIT and Madrasah Ibtida'iyah (MI) only 1. So that the total elementary school age education institution in one village has 4 elementary schools. The development of an Integrated Islamic school in purwodadi village had an impact on madrasah. One of the advantages of SDIT has learning programs such as memorization of quran and hadith, sunnah Dhuha prayer before starting learning activities, murojaah, dzuhur prayer before school, Friday almsgiving, and other activities. These activities are then a special consideration for parents in choosing educational institutions for their children. While madrasah does not have an activity program that supports learning such as in SDIT. One of the effects is the reduced interest of students who attend madrassas. This is because of the trend of Islamic schools that develop in the village with a variety of learning programs offered.

Reinventing the Self: NXIVM’s Promises, Secrets, and Lies

In this article, I examine the multilevel cultic organization NXIVM, using Susie Scott’s (2011) reinventive institution thesis—an update of Erving Goffman’s (1961) work on total institutions. Scott’s (2011) work addresses some of the broader sociocultural shifts that have fostered a turn inward toward self-improvement in the quest for new, transformative identities. Such shifts have created a proliferation of movements, organisations, and groups— including NXIVM—that offer ideologies and practices that promise to fulfill these reinventive goals. Offering opportunities for macrolevel and microlevel analyses, I employ Scott’s model not only to situate NXIVM within this cultural milieu, but also to examine some of the specifics of its structure, the nature of interpersonal relationships, and the promises that the movement and its founder, Keith Raniere, made. Moreover, as Scott’s (2011) work reveals, attractive as they may be, reinventive institutions incorporate structures of power thatrender them far from benign. Hence, by drawing on Scott’s postulations, I examine features of NXIVM that illustrate both the promises and problems of reinventive institutions. Moreover, I discuss those aspects of NXIVM that have more in common with total institutions than reinventive ones, demonstrating that, at least in this case, the two types of institution may operate within one organisation. To explore both reinventive and totalistic characteristics, I discuss some of the key features of the following NXIVM organisations: Executive Success Programs (ESP), Jness, the Society of Protectors (SOP), and Dominus Obsequious Sororium (DOS). Keywords: NXIVM, Keith Raniere, reinventive institutions, self-actualization, identity

Uma luz no “fundo do poço”

O artigo aborda o tratamento oferecido pela Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PMERJ) aos policiais militares usuários de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. O objetivo é apresentar as diretrizes adotadas no tratamento e suas justificativas. Desde 1987, a PMERJ mantém um ambulatório para tratamento de dependência química na estrutura de seu hospital central. O principal serviço oferecido é a internação de caráter voluntário. Em 1992, a partir de uma reformulação do serviço, além da desintoxicação, passou a ser adotada ao longo da internação a metodologia dos Doze Passos, oriunda de irmandades como Alcoólicos Anônimos e Narcóticos Anônimos. O trabalho ainda discute, à luz do conceito de instituições totais de Erving Goffman (1968) e de instituições reinventivas de Susie Scott (2013), o processo de reconstrução do indivíduo manejado ao longo do tratamento. O trabalho é resultado de observação participante realizada entre outubro de 2016 e junho de 2017 e entrevistas com funcionários e “conselheiros estagiários”, policiais que já haviam passado pela internação e passaram a colaborar com o funcionamento da clínica, auxiliando no acolhimento aos pacientes. 

The Comparative Study of Social Organizations and Hospital

Abstract: Hospital is a social organization and logical combination of the activities of a number of persons with different level of knowledge and skill for achieving a common goal of patient care through a hierarchy of authority and responsibility. Public and professional interest in health services has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Medical sociologists have been interested in the structure, organization, dynamics, and impact of health services for well over 50 years. Sociologists have been instrumental in highlighting the challenges associated with integrating care, as well as the inter‐ and intra‐organizational dynamics that are occurring within increasingly complex healthcare systems (Flood and Fennel 1995; Light 2004; Scott et al. 2000). Understanding these organizational changes is critical because they reflect fundamental shifts in the nature of medical work and the delivery of health services. Today’s complex health systems represent fundamentally new configurations of an increasingly broad array of professional expertise that is altering the long standing system of professional. In this, the health care system has been elaborately discussed focusing mainly on hospital system. Following are some of the points focusing on hospital as a social organization. Goffman described hospitals as “total institutions” (referring in particular to asylums for those with mental health problems, but also to hospitals more generally), in which people were isolated from society over a period of time and led life an in enclosed and formally administered way (Goffman, 1968). He argued that, as a result of this experience, people often formed new relationships and attachments dependent on these institutions (i.e. underwent a process of “institutionalization”) that could make re-integration into the community on discharge very difficult. Keywords: Social organization, Hospital, Medical sociologists, Goffman, system of professional, “institutionalization

Accommodating the Role of Central Axis Lecturers through the Total Institutional Method in Higher Education

The tendency of total institutions is marked through starting from the stages and processes of formation to the birth of the BP3K, which these stages and processes include Compertmentalization The research method used is descriptive method. This study aims to explore the problem to produce a holistic description of the problem. From the research results that they are termed the middle axis lecturer. then they are grouped at once combined into a container. A container that is in accordance with their characteristics and character is a manifestation with a tendency towards total institutions. the manifestation of the tendency of the total institution to be named BP3K, namely the Field of Curriculum Development and Supervision, Resocialization, Isolation, very binding rules, tight control, the role of centralized regulator / coach. BP3K activities in the form of studies and training as well as regeneration of member resources in the field of functional competencies in the realm of Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. The total institutional element that contributes the most to the benefits and impacts of BP3K when compared to other elements is the element of isolation and the strength of the supervisor. the implication of the research results, that through BP3K is to make the College as the organizer of basic character training for lecturers of universities, information and appreciation for two tutors from BP3K as tutorial implementers Basic Characteristics BP3K is also used as an accreditation consultant as well as a training center for various achievements and expertise for the College.

EU framework programmes: positive and negative effects on member states' innovation performance

Research background: Seeking to ensure competitiveness in the global market, the EU is constantly improving its innovation policy. Compared to other EU initiatives, the Framework Programs for Research and Innovation (FPs) act as the main instrument with the longest history and the largest budget to boost member states' innovation performance. Despite the initial presumptions that these financial inflows should bring positive and constructive effects, the results significantly diverge across the countries with highly uneven and incoherent progress. Therefore, complex and reliable tools must be adopted to evaluate the long-term influence of EU investment and the reasons which distort the innovation performance in separate member states.
 Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of EU investment on its member states? innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output.
 Methods: Panel unit root tests were used to assess the time series stationarity. Autoregressive distributed lag models helped in calculating the long-term influence of EU investment on member states? innovation performance. Finally, by employing dummies, it was analysed how this influence varied over time and across different countries.
 Findings & value added: The findings provide evidence that EU investment exerts positive long-term influence on the technological innovative output proxied as total, business and higher education institutions? patent applications, as well as product and process innovations. The effects were also positive on trademarks and marketing, and organisational innovations. However, small but negative influence was found in the case of patent applications by the government sector and the exports of hi-tech products and knowledge-intensive services. These insights may serve in the designing process of the specific instruments and the future innovation policies, which would bring the maximum benefit for the society and economy.

Teaching the Holocaust in Nursing Schools: The Perspective of the Victims and Survivors.

In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the significance and relevance of Holocaust studies to nurses. However, these studies are rarely integrated in the nursing curriculum, and even when they are, the focus is usually on healthcare personnel who collaborated with the Nazi regime. This article aims to bridge this gap by analyzing a comprehensive requisite curriculum on the Holocaust for graduate nursing students. We emphasize the work of Jewish healthcare professionals during the Holocaust and the dilemmas they faced, as well as the trauma and resilience of Holocaust survivors, their treatment today, and implications for treating other patients. This article examines how studying these issues affected the graduate students. It analyzes the reflective accounts written by the students, using qualitative content analysis and Grounded Theory. The findings suggest that students received tools to act professionally and empathetically while demonstrating greater sensitivity to the patients’ identity, past experiences, trauma, and how the hospital as a “total institution” affects them. Many of the students developed conscious leadership. The program used a personalized pedagogical approach that contributed to experiential learning but was also emotionally challenging for the participants. We recommend including Holocaust studies as a requisite component in nursing programs worldwide.

Life in Limbo: Identity Bootstrapping in the Kutupalong Refugee Camp

Drawing on extended ethnographic fieldwork in the Kutupalong Rohingya Refugee camp in Bangladesh, we use grounded theory approach to develop a process model of identity bootstrapping observed amongst some refugees. Refugees face continuous challenges to keep their lives meaningful and identities vital. When most refugees fall victim of mortification, some come out successful in constructing a positive identity against the totalitarian assaults on their self-concepts. To the Rohingya refugees, identity bootstrapping involves their active search for a ‘dignified’ and ‘meaningful’ identity that differentiate themselves from thousands nameless others. We theorize that a successful identity bootstrapping requires constructing a figured world in presentism that inspires agentic actions to develop identity resistance to face identity assaults and elaborate on prospective identities to claim a valued identity in the camp. We show that to construct a positive identity and keep it alive in the camp context one needs to continuously improvise one’s ideational as well as material resources and at the same time create new identity resources to secure an identity. We argue that in the contested space, that is a refugee camp, identity bootstrapping becomes refugees’ expression of resistance, resilience, and an attempt to regain some lost sense of self-worth. While not every refugee manages to engage successfully in identity bootstrapping, we document several cases in which individuals manage to reconstrue a positive identity even amongst the deleterious conditions found in Kutupalong. Keywords: Refugee Camp, Total Institution, Identity Bootstrapping, Identity Resistance.

The Underlife of Transnistria’s Ghettos: Recategorizing and Reframing Social Interaction

ABSTRACT This article explores the ghettos in Transnistria from a social perspective with the goal of reconstructing the responses of ghettoized Jews to the limitations imposed by the Romanian authorities. The hypothesis I propose argues that survival was a matter of recategorizing interaction in order to make the social reality more predictable. The approach is both historical and sociological, with emphasis put on Ervin Goffman’s analytical interactionist frame and his theorization of the total institution. While the article considers official documents, in order to analyze the victims as social actors invested with agency, oral sources are given preeminence.

What survivors see: Creative condemnations of total institutionalization

This paper presents a 2013–2016 research project that documented the history of the Huronia Regional Centre from the perspectives of survivors. Located in Ontario Canada, Huronia housed children with intellectual disabilities until its closure in 2009, and is now notorious for its violent history. Our research collective visited Huronia in 2014 to take pictures of the space, and used those photographs in scrapbook art created in monthly workshops. This paper presents pages selected from survivors' scrapbooks to illustrate key spatial conditions and affective experiences of a total institution. Analysis of these images shows that models of institutionalization are designed to produce violence against the institutionalized. Given the collective's commitment to an arts-informed methodology, this paper serves as a clear condemnation of every version of institutionalization. First, this paper situates its argument in geographic and sociological research that has taken up Goffman's concept of the total institution. Next, it lays out a methodological approach that included photovoice adapted for intellectually disabled institutional survivors. Finally, it presents and analyzes key images of art that survivors produced with support in workshop settings—with a focus on photography taken in facility buildings and on facility grounds.

Sensing freedom: Insights into long-term prisoners’ perceptions of the outside world

In recent years, scholars have come to agree that ‘total institutions’ are in general more permeable than as outlined in prior studies. The idea of the ‘totality’ of prisons has been challenged, for example, by acknowledging the penetration of the outside world through media or external visitors. However, prison surroundings are often a topic that is not granted a lot of attention. Using ethnographic data on the everyday lives of prisoners sentenced to indefinite incarceration in Switzerland, this article explores long-term prisoners’ sensory perceptions of the outside world, in particular through hearing, seeing and smelling. It is argued that this affects not only the prisoners’ understanding of ‘the prison’ but also their experience of time and their sense of self. A closer look at their diverse ways of dealing with these (potential) connections to the outside world reveals their individual approaches to the indefinite nature of their incarceration.

Patients' Views With Regard to Personal Recovery in Forensic Psychiatry in German-Speaking Switzerland-An Explorative Study.

Recovery orientation (RO) is a modality of supporting patients to improve self-determination, leading a meaningful life and well-being in general. This approach is widely studied in general psychiatry, but evidence is lacking for forensic inpatient settings in Switzerland. While secure forensic clinics tend to be regarded as total institutions, which are an anathema to RO, a project to implement RO interventions in this setting was financed by the Swiss Federal Office of Justice. This explorative study investigates baseline expectations and views of patients in forensic wards in German-speaking Switzerland in the context of a recovery-oriented intervention. As such wards are non-existent in Latin-speaking Switzerland, the investigation could only be carried out in this language region. Six focus groups with 37 forensic inpatients were conducted. Thematic analysis revealed two major and several subthemes. The major theme “heteronomy” includes the subthemes “stigmatization and shame,” “coercion,” “lack of support,” “mistrust,” “waiting,” and “structural impediments.” The subthemes “learning to live with the disorder and working on oneself,” “participation,” “connectedness,” “confidence,” and “joie de vivre” belong to the major theme “regaining self-determination.” In this way, results of prior research are extended to forensic peculiarities. Furthermore, the personal views of patients are discussed in detail regarding their possible influence on therapeutic outcomes and personal recovery. These findings should be of help to therapeutic staff in the respective setting to be better informed about, and to counter the effects of, heteronomy and long-term hospitalization. Important in this regard is the concept of procedural justice and the subjective client's perception thereof.

Navigating race: intersectional boundary-making onboard transnational ships

ABSTRACT Ocean-going merchant ships provide a unique context to examine race, place and migration: ships are globally mobile total institutions, a transnational setting with a multi-national migrant workforce but no single host country. The article focuses on boundary-making among seafarers themselves, drawing on interviews with sailors, crewing agents, and a multi-sited ethnography onboard three vessels with full and mixed-nationality Asian crews. Extending scholarship on boundary-making through an intersectional and spatial approach, the article shows how national differences, segmented and gendered through the global labour market, also become racialized and reproduced. In and through the ship’s spatial organization, the seafarers perform racialized forms of difference and belonging that heighten social boundaries, often hardening them through the essentializing of cultural distinctiveness. These performances interact with other forces of inequality and forms of boundary-making, demonstrating how racial formation is intimately tied with constructions of masculinity, occupation status, and national character in and through space.

Health Protection in Prison, Between Equivalence of Care and Less Eligibility

The article presents some reflections resulting from three different researches conducted by the author on the issues that revolve around the protection of health in Italian prisons, with particular reference to the principle of equivalence of care between inside and outside, sanctioned by the prison healthcare reform. The approach used, the qualitative contributions of which are presented here, has made it possible to highlight the impediments to the implementation of this principle in the prison context, for both cultural and structural reasons. On one hand, the power dynamics and conflicts that characterise every total institution have a significant impact on relations (between prison staff and healthcare professionals, as well as between healthcare professionals/prison staff and prisoners), while the widespread unsanitary nature of prison structures has an impact on daily life and on the level of affliction inherent in the condition of imprisonment. The debate on prisoners’ health is therefore situated within the broader frame of the functions of punishment and on the political and cultural aspects of punitiveness, reflecting particularly on the opposition between less eligibility and the principle of equivalence of care. Keywords: prisons, prisoners’ rights, prison healthcare, equivalence of care, prison medicine DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-11-08 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Sports reforms, interaction (dis)order and stigma: coaching identities in context

ABSTRACT Social identity has long been used by social scientists as a theoretical construct to understand both self and society. This article investigates how coaches’ identities are constructed, partly through the ways in which ‘athletes-turned-coaches’ perceive themselves and partly through how they are perceived by others in the context of South Korea where sports reforms are underway. Goffman's micro-sociological concepts of ‘stigma’ and ‘moral career’ are employed as a theoretical framework for this study, given the coaches’ erstwhile socialisation as athletes in the total institution of elite sports. Drawing on qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with thirty individuals, the analysis reveals that South Korean coaches are stigmatised, in that they are regarded as individuals with moral deformity on the grounds of their previous institutionalisation under a highly authoritative sports regime. Going further than the literature that focuses on self-perceptions of the stigmatised, this article examines the rarely considered vantage point of those who hold views stigmatising others, thus recognising the importance of understanding stigma as a relational phenomenon.

Boundaries in the Making: Transformations in Erving Goffman’s Total Institution through the Case of a Female Benedictine Monastery

Total institutions have undergone profound changes since Erving Goffman published his seminal work Asylums in 1961. This article explores the persistence and transformation of total institutions under late-modern conditions. Based upon empirical research conducted in a female Benedictine monastery, I analyse changes in the physically bounded structure of a total institution. Specifically, I address the trend towards greater permeability and flexibility of enclosed total spaces. Inspired by Georg Simmel’s spatial insights, I examine how boundaries are historically reshaped through changing relations of distance and proximity to wider society, and how these shifts alter the material expression and configuration of power that originally characterised the monastery’s totality. This article claims the ongoing relevance of Goffman’s conceptualisation to accommodate such modifications and illustrates how, in certain cases, adaptations of total institutions to contemporary conditions can be understood as involving the reconfiguration, rather than the dismantling, of totality.

The 50 Most-Cited Papers on Bankart Lesions

PurposeTo analyze the 50 most-cited articles pertaining to “Bankart lesions,” also known as anteroinferior labral tears, by means of citation analysis as well as to provide analysis and summary of the origins and trends of research on Bankart lesions.MethodsScopus was used to query the literature on Bankart lesions. Included articles were related to Bankart lesions and the indications, risk factors, techniques, and outcomes of arthroscopic and open Bankart repair. The 50 most-cited articles were analyzed in the following areas: year of publication, citations in the most recent year, total citation count, contributing authors, institutions, countries, and journals, article classifications, and level of evidence.ResultsYears of publication ranged from 1938 to 2013. There were 608 total citations in the most recent year. Total citation count was 12,441. Regarding country, journal, and authorship, United States, R. A. Arciero, and Arthroscopy were the highest respective contributors. Rush University had the greatest number of publications. The most common article classification was clinical outcomes. Of 49 clinical articles, the most frequent Level of Evidence was IV. The majority of the top 50 Bankart literature consisted of case series and retrospective studies performed in the United States.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the 50 most-cited articles about Bankart lesions are predominantly U.S.-based, produced by academic orthopaedic groups, clinical outcomes articles, and of Level IV and V evidence. This list of articles should serve as a reference tool for any orthopaedist looking to review Bankart literature.

Huronia's Double Bind: How Institutionalisation Bears Out on the Body

Frequently missing from histories of forced institutionalisation are close readings of the enduring impact on survivors' corporeality. In this article the authors analyse interview data featuring people who survived the Huronia Regional Centre: a total institution designed to warehouse people with intellectual disabilities that operated in Canada from 1876 to 2009. These interviews reveal the impact of institutional technologies on the bodies of the institutionalised, and how institutional survivors resisted those technologies. Institutional rituals meant to organise and cleanse residents, resulted in the reification of institutional subjects as inescapably contaminated. Drawing from Mary Douglas's theory of dirt and Julia Kristeva's interpretation of dirt as abjection, the authors engage with interview data on daily institutional care routines, particularly dressing, eating, showering, and the administration of medication, to show how these rituals produced for the institutionalised subject meanings around gender and disability as markers of defilement. The authors argue that the kinds of deeply oppressive and often violent rituals central to lived experiences of institutionalisation are grounded in the assumption that disabled gendered bodies are already-abject, hence the institutional demand for the institutionalised to be brought under control.

Жизненный мир в условиях тотального института

 Sociological research of convicts has come a long way from John Howard’s philanthropy of the 18th century to the post-structuralist analysis of coercive techniques by Michel Foucault in the 20th century, but, unfortunately, still has not lost its relevance. Phenomenological approach makes it possible to obtain new knowledge about this social category, which numbers more than 500 thousand people in 2020 in the Russian Federation, although in recent years this figure has been decreasing. The aim of the article is applying phenomenological approach as one of the most promising areas of modern sociology for the study of convicts. As known, the midpoint of this approach is the introduction of the concept of life world for the analysis of social reality. The purpose of the article is to determine certain aspects of the life world of individuals who are in a total institution, namely women serving sentences in corrective colonies.

Czas i przestrzeń dziecka z chorobą przewlekłą w instytucji szpitalnej

<p>Celem artykułu jest ukazanie aranżacji przestrzeni w szpitalu oraz sposobów spędzania czasu wolnego przez hospitalizowane dzieci. Badania własne są częścią większego projektu przeprowadzonego na potrzeby rozprawy doktorskiej, dotyczącej doświadczania rodzicielstwa w sytuacji choroby kardiologicznej dziecka. W artykule zaprezentowano szpital jako instytucję totalną oraz zamieszczono fotografie szpitalnych pomieszczeń i fragmenty narracji rodziców ilustrujące zagospodarowanie „pustego” czasu pacjentów na oddziale. Sposób organizacji przestrzeni, barwne korytarze, wyposażenie czy właściwe wypełnianie czasu wolnego mogą pomóc małym pacjentom przezwyciężyć trudny dla nich czas. </p>