Total Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

Blood Variation Implicates Respiratory Limits on Elevational Ranges of Andean Birds.

AbstractThe extent to which species ranges reflect intrinsic physiological tolerances is a major question in evolutionary ecology. To date, consensus has been hindered by the limited tractability of experimental approaches across most of the tree of life. Here, we apply a macrophysiological approach to understand how hematological traits related to oxygen transport shape elevational ranges in a tropical biodiversity hot spot. Along Andean elevational gradients, we measured traits that affect blood oxygen-carrying capacity-total and cellular hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, the volume percentage of red blood cells-for 2,355 individuals of 136 bird species. We used these data to evaluate the influence of hematological traits on elevational ranges. First, we asked whether the sensitivity of hematological traits to changes in elevation is predictive of elevational range breadth. Second, we asked whether variance in hematological traits changed as a function of distance to the nearest elevational range limit. We found that birds showing greater hematological sensitivity had broader elevational ranges, consistent with the idea that a greater acclimatization capacity facilitates elevational range expansion. We further found reduced variation in hematological traits in birds sampled near their elevational range limits and at high absolute elevations, patterns consistent with intensified natural selection, reduced effective population size, or compensatory changes in other cardiorespiratory traits. Our findings suggest that constraints on hematological sensitivity and local genetic adaptation to oxygen availability promote the evolution of the narrow elevational ranges that underpin tropical montane biodiversity.

The Effect of Upright Lower Body Negative Pressure on Muscle Activity and Hemodynamics during Exercise

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes that occur in parameters relating to muscle work and muscle hemodynamicsunder the influence of upright Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) application during walking. Methods: 18 young females were included in this study. All 18 subjects participated in 2 trials of a 12-minute walking exercise on a treadmill equipped with a LBNP chamber, on a constant speed of 5 km/h. The first trial was executed under the application of a LBNP program (3 stages of -15, -25 and -30 mbar), while the second trial was similar, but without the activation of the negative pressure chamber. During both trials, the Vastus Lateralis (VL) muscle hemodynamic conditions were monitored continuously with a Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) device and parallelly, VL activation was monitored via a Surface Electromyography (sEMG). Heart Rate (HR) values were recorded in the beginning and during the10th min of each trial, after which, the difference between the 2 values was calculated. Immediately after the conclusion of each trial, participants were asked to provide a score for perceived exertion using Borg CR-10 scale (10 for maximum exertion). Results: During the LBNP trial, Total Hemoglobin (tHb) and OxyHemoglobin (O2 Hb) concentrations in the Vastus Lateralis (VL), was significantly lower compared to the control (p=0.007, p=0.001), but with a significant increase rate in deoxy-hemoglobin (HHb) (p= 0.001). Tissue Saturation Index (TSI%) showed no significant alteration between trials (p= 0.668). All calculated parameters relating to work output showed a significant difference in the LBNP trial compared to control. HR was increased (p= 0.001), there were an increase in MPF and RMS amplitude in the VL (p=0.006, p < 0.001, respectively) and subjects reported higher rate of perceived exertion (p=0.001). Conclusions: The application of LBNP showed elevated work characteristics, mainly on the work output and less local muscle hemodynamics. This could be a time efficient training tool for stressing the musculoskeletal system, faster improve body composition and potentially enhancing cardio respiratory fitness.

Dynamic Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics Measured by Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Orthostatic Hypotension and Intolerance.

We aimed to evaluate dynamic alterations in cerebral total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) in individuals with orthostatic hypotension (OH) and orthostatic intolerance (OI) symptoms using a portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system. Participants comprised 238 individuals (mean age, 47.9 years) without a history of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, or cerebrovascular diseases, including those with unexplained OI symptoms and healthy volunteers. Participants were categorized by the presence of OH based on the supine-to-stand blood pressure (BP) drop and OI symptoms using on OH questionnaires: classic OH (OH-BP), OH symptoms alone (OH-Sx), and control groups. Random case-control matching sets were constructed, resulting in 16 OH-BP and 69 OH-Sx-control sets. The time-derivative of HbT change in the prefrontal cortex during the squat-to-stand maneuver was measured using a portable NIRS system. There were no differences in demographics, baseline BP, and heart rate among matched sets. The peak time of maximum slope variation in HbT change, indicating the recovery rate and speed of cerebral blood volume (CBV) change, was significantly longer in OH-Sx and OH-BP groups than in the control group under transition to a standing position after squatting. In the OH-BP subgrouping, the peak time of maximum slope variation in HbT change was significantly longer only in OH-BP with OI symptoms, but did not differ between OH-BP without OI symptoms and controls. Our results suggest that OH and OI symptoms are associated with dynamic alterations in cerebral HbT. Regardless of the severity of the postural BP drop, OI symptoms are associated with prolonged CBV recovery.

Hemocyte proliferation is associated with blood color shade variation in the blood clam, Tegillarca granosa

Blood color shade is closely related to the health status and nutritional value of the blood clam, Tegillarca granosa. The blood color shade of T. granosa shows great variation and is considered as an economically importantly trait. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of blood color shade variation is unclear. In this study, the total hemocyte count (THC) and hemoglobin concentration (HGC) were verified to be related to blood color shade. RNA-seq analysis was performed to explore the blood color shade-related genes in T. granosa. Transcriptome analysis revealed 399 and 467 genes that were exclusively highly expressed in light-blood clams (HGC > 45.7 g/L, designated TL) and dark-blood clams (HGC < 31.3 g/L, designated TH), respectively. Differentially expressed genes were enriched in cell cycle, and several key genes (such as CDC42 and CDC20) involved in hematopoietic processes were upregulated in the TH group, which means that the variation of blood color shade is probably related to hematopoietic cell proliferation. Knockdown of CDC42 gene expression resulted in a significant reduction in THC in blood clams, and EdU staining revealed that cell proliferation activity of the clam gills is higher in the TH group than in the TL group, which confirmed our assumption. The present study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying blood color shade variation in marine clams and facilitates the selection of blood clams with higher hemoglobin contents.

A Coregistered Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging Protocol for the Transvaginal Imaging of Ovarian Lesions.

Ovarian cancer remains the deadliest of all the gynecological malignancies due to the lack of reliable screening tools for early detection and diagnosis. Photoacoustic imaging or tomography (PAT) is an emerging imaging modality that can provide the total hemoglobin concentration (relative scale, rHbT) and blood oxygen saturation (%sO2) of ovarian/adnexal lesions, which are important parameters for cancer diagnosis. Combined with coregistered ultrasound (US), PAT has demonstrated great potential for detecting ovarian cancers and for accurately diagnosing ovarian lesions for effective risk assessment and the reduction of unnecessary surgeries of benign lesions. However, PAT imaging protocols in clinical applications, to our knowledge, largely vary among different studies. Here, we report a transvaginal ovarian cancer imaging protocol that can be beneficial to other clinical studies, especially those using commercial ultrasound arrays for the detection of photoacoustic signals and standard delay-and-sum beamforming algorithms for imaging.

A Coregistered Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging Protocol for the Transvaginal Imaging of Ovarian Lesions

Ovarian cancer remains the deadliest of all the gynecological malignancies due to the lack of reliable screening tools for early detection and diagnosis. Photoacoustic imaging or tomography (PAT) is an emerging imaging modality that can provide the total hemoglobin concentration (relative scale, rHbT) and blood oxygen saturation (%sO2) of ovarian/adnexal lesions, which are important parameters for cancer diagnosis. Combined with coregistered ultrasound (US), PAT has demonstrated great potential for detecting ovarian cancers and for accurately diagnosing ovarian lesions for effective risk assessment and the reduction of unnecessary surgeries of benign lesions. However, PAT imaging protocols in clinical applications, to our knowledge, largely vary among different studies. Here, we report a transvaginal ovarian cancer imaging protocol that can be beneficial to other clinical studies, especially those using commercial ultrasound arrays for the detection of photoacoustic signals and standard delay-and-sum beamforming algorithms for imaging.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Ginger and Black Pepper Powder on Haematological Parameters of Cobb-500 Broiler Chicken

An experiment was conducted to investigate the status of blood serum biochemical of broiler chickens in response to the diet supplemented with ginger and black pepper powder. Two hundred day-old Cobb 500 Strain broiler chickens were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly allotted into five treatments each replicated four times with 10 birds per replication. Grounded black pepper and ginger were added in the basal feed with different proportion, T1 (control); T2 (basal diet+0.02% ginger); T3 (basal diet+0.02% black pepper), T4 (basal diet+0.01% ginger+0.01% black pepper) and T5 (basal diet+0.02% ginger+0.02% black pepper. At 42days of rearing the effect of T5 treatment significantly resulted (p&lt;0.05) increased in total protein, albumin and hemoglobin concentration and decreased in triglyceride, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and calcium concentration. Administration of 0.02% ginger and 0.02% black pepper to broiler chickens improve blood profile, boosted their immunity as well as improved their health status. Therefore, the inclusion of 0.02% of black pepper and ginger could be beneficial to improve the performance of broiler.

A Clinical Study to Assess Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy with an Auto-Calibrated, Pressure-Sensing Optical Probe in Head and Neck Cancer.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a powerful tool for quantifying optical and physiological tissue properties such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation and vascularity. DRS is increasingly used clinically for distinguishing cancerous lesions from normal tissue. However, its widespread clinical acceptance is still limited due to uncontrolled probe-tissue interface pressure that influences reproducibility and introduces operator-dependent results. In this clinical study, we assessed and validated a pressure-sensing and automatic self-calibration DRS in patients with suspected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The clinical study enrolled nineteen patients undergoing HNSCC surgical biopsy procedures. Patients consented to evaluation of this improved DRS system during surgery. For each patient, we obtained 10 repeated measurements on one tumor site and one distant normal location. Using a Monte Carlo-based model, we extracted the hemoglobin saturation data along with total hemoglobin content and scattering properties. A total of twelve cancer tissue samples from HNSCC patients and fourteen normal tissues were analyzed. A linear mixed effects model tested for significance between repeated measurements and compared tumor versus normal tissue. These results demonstrate that cancerous tissues have a significantly lower hemoglobin saturation compared to normal controls (p < 0.001), which may be reflective of tumor hypoxia. In addition, there were minimal changes over time upon probe placement and repeated measurement, indicating that the pressure-induced changes were minimal and repeated measurements did not differ significantly from the initial value. This study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting optical spectroscopy measurements on intact lesions prior to removal during HNSCC procedures, and established that this probe provides diagnostically-relevant physiologic information that may impact further treatment.

High resolution intravital photoacoustic microscopy reveals VEGF-induced bone regeneration in mouse tibia.

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are essential for bone homeostasis and repair. Newly formed vessels convey osteogenic progenitors during bone regeneration. However, the lack of continuous and label-free visualization of the bone microvasculature has resulted in little understanding of the neovascular dynamics. Here, we take advantage of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM) for label-free, intravital, long-term observation of the bone vascular dynamics, including angiogenesis, remodeling and quantified angiogenic effect of locally-applied vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the murine tibial defect model. We employed ex vivo confocal microscopy and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging to verify the positive role of VEGF treatment. VEGF treatment increased the concentration of total hemoglobin, vascular branching, and vascular density, which correlated with more osteoprogenitors and increased bone formation within the defect. These data demonstrated ORPAM as a useful imaging tool that detected functional capillaries to understand hemodynamics, and revealed the effectiveness of locally delivered therapeutic agents with sufficient sensitivity, contributing to the understanding of spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms on blood vessels during bone regeneration.

The study of oxygenation dynamics during experimental tumor growth using frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy

The objective of this work was to study the dynamics and mechanisms of oxygenation changes of an experimental rat tumor Plyss lymphosarcoma in the process of its growth using diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). DOS in trans-illumination configuration utilizing high-frequency (140 MHz) modulation of light intensity is used to assess absorption and scattering coefficients averaged over tumor tissue at several wavelengths 684, 794, and 850 nm. Those values were used to assess concentrations of tissue oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin and oxygen saturation. During the observation period (from the 5th to the 15th day after transplantation) the tumor volume increased up to 25 times. In the process of tumor growth, a gradual increase in the content of deoxyhemoglobin, a decrease of oxyhemoglobin level, and a decrease of blood oxygen saturation without changes in the level of total tissue hemoglobin concentration were observed. Thus, the main mechanisms of oxygen saturation decrease in the process of tumor growth are associated with two effects: the increase of oxygen consumption rate (demonstrated by the increase of deoxyhemoglobin) and the decrease of oxygen supply (demonstrated by the decrease of oxyhemoglobin).

Paper-based analytical device for fast colorimetric detection of total hemoglobin and free hemoglobin from human blood sample

Total hemoglobin (THb) and free hemoglobin (FHb) are biomarkers of anemia and hemolysis, playing a critical role in human health status. This study reports a paper-based device by field amplified sample stacking (FASS) using colorimetric method to quantify both THb and FHb. The detection of THb was based on the color intensity of the Hb stacking band, a limit of detection (LOD) of 11 g∙L−1 and a linear working range of 16 ∼ 140 g∙L−1 were achieved. With selective chromatic reaction of the stacking band with o-tolidine, the sensitivity of Hb detection was further enhanced by 2000 times, a LOD of 25.8 mg∙L−1 and a linear range of 30 ∼ 1000 mg∙L−1 was obtained for FHb. This paper-based device was successfully used for detection of high concentration THb and low concentration FHb from the same blood sample, and both meeting the requirements of clinical diagnosis. In addition, the feasibility of on-site plasma preparation and online integration with the device was also preliminarily investigated with a blood separation membrane. This paper-based device could be used as a new platform for developing fast and low-cost Hb point-of-care testing devices.

Role of iron-containing proteins in correction of immunic status of menopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer

It is established that in the main group trekrezan application in addition to basic chemotherapy, caused earlier (for 7-10 days) increase in concentration of LF — from 396.32±24.82 to 4069.32±114.06 ng/ml and F — from 26.2±1.8 ng/ml to 439.47±16.3 ng/ml, in comparison with group of control — 1335.41±39.71 ng/ml and 279.47±14.3 ng/ml, respectively. At the same time, classical clinical effectiveness indicators (concentration of total protein, urea, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes and blood lymphocytes) were normalized in the main group of patients.

Interferência do ferro na produção de hemoglobina de leitões do nascimento a desmama

ABSTRACT: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in humans is defined as the decrease of total hemoglobin concentration and the non-production of the adult hemoglobin subtype 2 - HbA2 (α2δ2 chains), which is considered a marker of IDA severity in humans, dosed together with the iron serum. This study aimed to determine the standard of hemoglobin types in piglets induced to experimentally IDA in the first 21 days of life (delivery to weaning). In the present study, 40 piglets born from four naïve gilts, were randomly and equally assigned among the gilts. On the third day after delivery, the groups were randomly distributed in different environments (cement and clay floors) and according to the iron supplementation (iron dextran and placebo). Erythrocyte parameters, serum iron, and hemoglobin trait were analyzed at four moments between birth and weaning days. The group of piglets that did not receive iron dextran supplementation on the third-day post-birth and were placed in the pen without soil did not present HbA2 from the seventh day onwards on the agarose electrophoretogram (pH 8.6) and this observation was correlated to decrease of serum iron (ρ: 0.156, p=0.003) when compared to the other groups’ piglets that did not present iron deficiency. In the present study was possible to determine the swine hemoglobin pattern in IDA, since HbA2 was absent in piglets with IDA in comparison to the non-ferropenic groups and the correlation between the reduction of iron levels and the absence of HbA2.

Effects of Dietary Blend of Algae Extract Supplementation on Growth, Biochemical, Haemato-Immunological Response, and Immune Gene Expression in Labeo rohita with Aeromonas hydrophila Post-Challenges

In this study, the effects of a mixed algal blend (Chlorella vulgaris, Euglena viridis, and Spirulina platensis) at different levels were evaluated on growth, hematological immune responses, and expression of immune genes in Labeo rohita against post-challenges of Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish samples were fed a diet containing different levels of mixed blend algal (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08% of basal diet). At the end of the feeding period, the fish were challenged with A. hydrophila and fish mortality was recorded over a 14-days period. To evaluate the serum biochemical (albumin, globulin), hematological parameters (Hb, RBC and WBC) and immune parameters (neutrophil activity, lysozyme activity, myeloperoxidase activity, antiprotease activity, ceruloplasmin activity, and bactericidal activity), as well as the expression of immune genes (NKEF-B, Lysozyme C and G, TNF α, TLR22, β2M, and β-actin), fish were sampled on Day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Fish were challenged with virulent A. hydrophila 30 days post-feeding and mortalities were recorded over 30 days post-infection. Results demonstrate that fish fed with a mixed algal blend showed that total body weight gain, specific growth rate, total serum protein, globulin, total hemoglobin content, white blood cells, neutrophil, lysozyme, bactericidal, myeloperoxidase, and antiprotease activity in dietary algae blended application was higher than in the control (p &lt; 0.05). According to the results, relative expression of target genes showed significant increases of 0.02 to 0.04% in the treatment group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). At the end of the 30-day exposure to A. hydrophila, the fish that received the mixed algal blend had a significantly higher rate of survival than the control group, with the highest survival rate recorded in the 0.02% mixed algal blend (p &lt; 0.05). According to the effective results of the mixed algal blend on stimulating the immune system and increasing fish resistance to A. hydrophila, it is recommended to use 0.02 to 0.04% of this mixed algal blend in rohu, L. rohita diets.

Current Status of Measurement Accuracy for Total Hemoglobin Concentration in the Clinical Context.

The main objective of this investigation is to provide data about the accuracy of total hemoglobin concentration measurements with respect to clinical settings, and to devices within the categories of point-of-care and reference systems. In particular, tolerance of hemoglobin concentrations below 9 g/dL that have become common in clinical practice today determines the need to demonstrate the limits of measurement accuracy in patient care. Samples extracted from six units of heparinized human blood with total hemoglobin concentrations ranging from 3 to 18 g/dL were assigned to the test devices in a random order. The pool of test devices comprised blood gas analyzers, an automatic hematology analyzer, a laboratory reference method, and the point-of-care system HemoCue. To reduce the pre-analytic error, each sample was measured three times. Due to the characteristics of the tested devices and methods, we selected the mean values of the data from all these devices, measured at the corresponding total hemoglobin concentrations, as the reference. The measurement results of the test devices overlap within strict limits (R2 = 0.999). Only the detailed analysis provides information about minor but systematic deviations. In the group of clinically relevant devices, which are involved in patient blood management decisions, the relative differences were within the limit of +/- 5 % for values down to 3 g/dL. A clinically relevant change of +/- 0.5 g/dL of total hemoglobin concentration can be detected with all selected devices and methods. Compliance with more stringent definitions-these are the relative differences of 5 % in relation to the corresponding reference values and the clinically adapted thresholds in the format of a tolerance level analysis-was achieved by the clinical devices assessed here.

Amelioration of mercuric chloride-induced physiologic and histopathologic alterations in rats using vitamin E and zinc chloride supplement

The drastic effects of mercuric chloride and the protective efficiency of vitamin E and zinc chloride co-supplementation were clearly investigated in this study. Male rats were divided into four groups. The first was the control. The second received vitamin E (100 mg/kg) and zinc chloride (30 mg/kg) daily. In comparison, the third received mercuric chloride (1 mg/kg) daily, and the fourth received the same mercuric chloride dose supplemented with the same vitamin E and zinc chloride doses. Mercury promotes a significant decline in body weight. It causes a considerable reduction in total red blood cells (RBCs) count and hemoglobin concentration; however, white blood cells (WBCs) increased significantly. Significant mercury-induced elevations in hepatic and renal functions were observed. Mercury induced substantial reductions in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Mercury caused apoptotic DNA fragmentation. It induced degeneration and necrosis in the liver and kidney. It induced necrosis, leukocyte infiltration and blood vessel congestion in the cerebral cortex. Shrinkage and deterioration of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum were observed in response to mercuric chloride toxicity. Mercuric chloride enhanced shrinking in seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells. It reduced sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone concentration; however, it promoted abnormal sperm morphology. Administration of vitamin E and zinc chloride showed marked improvement in different parameters under investigation, however, further research is needed to determine fate of mercury.

Deep Learning-Powered Bessel-Beam Multiparametric Photoacoustic Microscopy.

Enabling simultaneous and high-resolution quantification of the total concentration of hemoglobin ( [Formula: see text]), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (sO2), and cerebral blood flow (CBF), multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has emerged as a promising tool for functional and metabolic imaging of the live mouse brain. However, due to the limited depth of focus imposed by the Gaussian-beam excitation, the quantitative measurements become inaccurate when the imaging object is out of focus. To address this problem, we have developed a hardware-software combined approach by integrating Bessel-beam excitation and conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN)-based deep learning. Side-by-side comparison of the new cGAN-powered Bessel-beam multi-parametric PAM against the conventional Gaussian-beam multi-parametric PAM shows that the new system enables high-resolution, quantitative imaging of [Formula: see text], sO2, and CBF over a depth range of [Formula: see text] in the live mouse brain, with errors 13-58 times lower than those of the conventional system. Better fulfilling the rigid requirement of light focusing for accurate hemodynamic measurements, the deep learning-powered Bessel-beam multi-parametric PAM may find applications in large-field functional recording across the uneven brain surface and beyond (e.g., tumor imaging).

Associations between nutritional and immune status and clinicopathologic factors in patients with tuberculosis: A comprehensive analysis.

This study was designed to assess and analyze nutritional status (NS) and immune status in patients with tuberculosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 93 TB patients hospitalized in the tuberculosis ward of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Subgroup comparisons were made according to age (<65 years and ≥65 years), nutritional risk score 2002 (NRS 2002 <3 and ≥3), tuberculosis location [pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (including pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis)], and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) (<45 vs ≥45). Significantly increased weight loss was associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (P =0.0010). Serum albumin (P =0.0214), total lymphocyte count (P = 0.0009) and PNI (P = 0.0033) were significantly decreased in older patients. Neutrophils/lymphocytes (NLR) (P =0.0002), monocytes/lymphocytes (MLR) (P < 0.0001), and platelets/lymphocytes (PLR) (P =0.0107) were higher. According to NRS 2002, higher nutritional risk was associated with lower body weight and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.0001), higher weight loss (P = 0.0012), longer duration of hospitalization (P =0.0100), lower serum albumin level and hemoglobin concentration (P <0.01), lower creatinine level, and lower PNI (P < 0.01). 0.0001), lower total lymphocyte count (P = 0.0004), higher neutrophil and monocyte counts (P <0.05), and higher NLR (P = 0.0002), MLR (P = 0.0006), and PLR (P = 0.0156). Lower PNI was associated with lower body weight (P = 0.0001) and BMI (P =0.0074), lower total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin concentrations (P < 0.0001), and lower total lymphocyte count (P < 0.0001) and creatinine levels (P = 0.0336), higher age (P =0.0002) and NRS 2002 score, P < 0.0001), longer hos-pital stay (P = 0.0003), higher neutrophil count (P = 0.0042), and NLR, MLR, and PLR (P <0.0001) were significantly correlated. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, weight loss (OR: 0.209, 95% CI: 0.060-0.722; p =0.013) was significantly associated with higher nutritional risk (NRS 2002≥3). In multiple linear regression analysis, the NRS 2002 score was higher (B=2.018; p =0.023), and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (B=-6.205; p =0.007) was linked with a longer duration of hos-pitalization. Older tuberculosis patients are at nutritional risk, and older patients (≥65 years old) need to pay attention to nutritional monitoring and intervention. Older TB patients and those at risk of malnutrition have increased immune ratio and impaired immune function. Management of TB patients using basic diagnostic tools to assess nutritional and immune status and calculate PNI and immunological indexes (NLR, MLR, PLR) to improve treatment outcomes.

Treatment side affects exercising microvascular oxygenation response in active breast cancer survivors: A pilot study.

Cancer treatment is associated with cardiovascular toxicity, skeletal muscle dysfunctionand interruptions in mitochondrial respiration. Microvascular oxygenation responses, measured via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), at peak exercise intensity has previously been associated with aerobic capacity. Specifically, the greater magnitude of microvascular deoxygenation observed at peak exercise intensity has been associated with higher aerobic capacity. Therefore, a pilot study investigated if diagnosis side (uninvolved side, treatment side) and/or exercise side (paddle side, non-paddle side) affected microvascular oxygenation responses at peak intensity during paddle exercise. Thirty-three breast cancer survivors (age = 57 ± 9 years, height = 1.64 ± 0.05 m, weight = 76.5 ± 15.6 kg, 7 ± 7 years since treatment) who also competed as dragon boat racers performed a unilateral (paddle), discontinuous graded exercise test (2-min exercise, 1-min rest) on a rowing ergometer to volitional fatigue. Tissue oxygenation saturation (StO2DIFF ) and total haemoglobin concentration (total[heme]DIFF ) responses at peak exercise intensity were measured bilaterally from the posterior deltoids using NIRS. Two-way analysis of variance determined if diagnosis side and/or exercise side effected StO2DIFF or total[heme]DIFF . Diagnosis side elicited a moderate effect (effect size = 0.66) on StO2DIFF , as the treatment side deoxygenated less (-6.0 ± 14.7 ∆BSL) compared to the uninvolved side (-16.9 ± 16.9 ∆BSL) at peak exercise intensity. No other significant main effects or interactions were observed for StO2DIFF or total[heme]DIFF . The pilot findings suggest that the ability of the exercising muscle to use oxygen for the purpose of mitochondrial oxidative respiration may be impaired on the treatment side.

Matching pursuit-based analysis of fNIRS in combination with cascade PCA and reliefF for mental task recognition

Recently, a relatively new and emerging neuroimaging tool, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), has captured the attention of scientific disciplines, especially in designing a brain-computer interface. This technique can provide measures of the hemodynamic changes in the brain. Several attempts have been made to characterize the signals in different conditions. However, they mainly utilized conventional statistical approaches to describe the data. To our knowledge, the matching pursuit analysis of the fNIRS signals has not been examined so far. The current study analyzed and merged the matching pursuit-based indices of oxy-, deoxy-, and total-hemoglobin concentrations to classify mental tasks and rest conditions. It took advantage of a simple subject-specific channel selection methodology and a cascade feature selection approach. Maximum accuracy of 86.2% was achieved by examining different classifiers. In conclusion, the results of the proposed framework sketch promising future directions in the field.