Total Fiber Research Articles

Abstract 2207: Fiber intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer among men at increased genetic risk

Abstract Introduction High fiber intake from grains may lower advanced prostate cancer risk by enhancing insulin sensitivity, lowering insulin-like growth factor 1 and systemic inflammation. Whether a high-fiber diet can lower risk of metastatic disease and prostate cancer death in men at high genetic risk is unclear. Methods Using a new 400-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS) for prostate cancer, we quantified the genetic risk of 10,269 men with available genotype data in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, followed between 1993 and 2019. Men in the top 50-100% PRS category were considered high-risk and included for analysis. Total fiber intake and different sources (cereal, fruits, vegetables) were assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires. Overall and lethal prostate cancer (metastatic disease/prostate cancer death) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During 26 years of follow-up, we recorded 1,494 overall and 174 lethal prostate cancer events in the high genetic risk group. As expected, no associations were observed fiber intake with risk of overall prostate cancer. For lethal prostate cancer, the results varied according to the source of fiber. Higher cereal fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of lethal prostate cancer (per 3 g/d higher intake: 0.81 [0.68, 0.97], P-trend=0.02). We further observed a higher disease risk among men with higher fruit fiber intake (per 3g/d higher intake: 1.18 [1.02, 1.36], P-trend=0.03). The associations remained similar when mutually adjusted for each fiber type. No associations were observed for total or vegetable fiber intake. Conclusion In this analysis of men at high prostate cancer genetic risk, we observed that higher cereal fiber intake was associated with lower lethal prostate cancer risk, whereas higher fruit fiber intake showed an opposite trend. Further studies in different populations and investigations into the underlying mechanisms are needed. Fiber intake with risk of overall and lethal prostate cancer among men at high genetic risk. Fiber type Overall prostate cancer: No.event/PY Overall prostate cancer: HR (95% CI) Lethal prostate cancer: No.event/PY Lethal prostate cancer: HR (95% CI) All fiber, g/d T1, median=15.8 490/66047 ref. 42/73826 ref. T2, median=21.8 484/62237 0.96 (0.83-1.11) 61/69849 1.16 (0.77-1.75) T3, median=29.9 520/67374 1.02 (0.86-1.21) 71/75242 1.24 (0.75-2.05) Per 3 g/d 0.98 (0.96-1.01) 1.00 (0.92-1.08) P for trend 0.27 0.93 Cereal fiber, g/d T1, median=4.6 491/63911 ref. 49/72367 ref. T2, median=6.7 512/66251 1.04 (0.91-1.20) 76/73384 1.30 (0.90-1.87) T3, median=9.4 491/65496 0.92 (0.80-1.06) 49/73166 0.75 (0.50-1.12) Per 3 g/d 0.96 (0.90-1.01) 0.81 (0.68-0.97) P for trend 0.14 0.02 Fruit fiber, g/d T1, median=2.5 471/66306 ref. 33/74056 ref. T2, median=4.5 514/63268 1.06 (0.92-1.22) 51/70430 1.21 (0.76-1.91) T3, median=7.2 509/66085 1.00 (0.86-1.16) 90/74431 1.84 (1.18-2.87) Per 3 g/d 0.97 (0.91-1.03) 1.18 (1.02-1.36) P for trend 0.34 0.03 Vegetable fiber, g/d T1, median=4.8 481/64139 ref. 51/71594 ref. T2, median=6.9 505/64938 1.04 (0.91-1.20) 66/72291 1.22 (0.84-1.78) T3, median=9.6 508/66581 1.04 (0.90-1.20) 57/75031 0.98 (0.65-1.45) Per 3 g/d 0.99 (0.93-1.05) 0.97 (0.82-1.15) P for trend 0.72 0.74 Citation Format: Yiwen Zhang, Konrad H. Stopsack, Lorelei A. Mucci, Edward Giovannucci, Anna Plym. Fiber intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer among men at increased genetic risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2207.

Synergism of steel fibres and PVA fibres on the fracture and mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance concrete

The influence of the volume fraction (VF) of steel fibres, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres and their combination on the mechanical and fracture mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) was studied. To analyse the synergistic effect of steel fibres and PVA fibres on the deformation properties of UHPC, the gain ratios (the ratios of the mechanical properties of UHPC reinforced with hybrid fibres (HUHPC) with those of UHPC reinforced with steel fibres (SUHPC)) were obtained for equal total fibre VFs and equal steel fibre VFs. The steel and PVA fibres reduced the compressive strength of the UHPC to some extent and, with increasing VF, the ratios of flexural strength/compressive strength and tensile strength/compressive strength increased gradually. The fracture mechanical properties of the UHPC were significantly improved with the addition of steel fibres and PVA fibres; the latter were superior in improving the deformation properties of the UHPC. Except for compressive strength, the gain ratios of mechanical parameters of HUHPC to SUHPC calculated with equal steel fibre VF were higher than for equal total fibre VF; 0.25% PVA fibres mixed with SUHPC further improved the bending tensile and fracture mechanical properties.

Abstract 31: Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Introduction: Meal timing may affect type 2 diabetes risk due to the circadian regulation of glucose metabolism. However, the optimal meal timing for lowering diabetes risk remains unknown. Objective and Hypothesis: We aimed to identify the optimal meal timing for diabetes prevention. Since glucose tolerance peaks in the morning, we hypothesized that eating more in the morning is associated with a lower risk of diabetes when daily diet quantity and quality are held constant. Methods: We included 7716 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) who were free of diabetes at baseline (2008-2011) and attended clinic visit 2 (2014-2017). Incident diabetes was identified during the annual phone follow-up (through self-reported diabetes) or at visit 2 (through self-reported diabetes or antihyperglycemic medication usage or laboratory tests using the ADA criteria). Dietary intakes at baseline were assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls, and meal timing was categorized into early morning (6:00-8:59 AM), late morning (9:00-11:59 AM), afternoon (12:00-5:59 PM), evening (6:00-11:59 PM), and night (0:00-5:59 AM). We calculated energy intake (EI) in kilocalories and energy-adjusted glycemic load (GL) in each meal timing. We estimated their associations with incident diabetes using the Cox proportional hazards models, accounted for the HCHS/SOL complex survey design and adjusted for age, sex, field center, Hispanic/Latino background, income, education, smoking, alcohol intake, sleep duration, physical activity, BMI, family history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, total energy intake, and diet quality (Health Eating Index for energy intake in each meal timing as the exposure; total GL and fiber intake for GL in each meal timing as the exposure). Results: At baseline, the analytic population had a mean (SE) age of 39.0 (0.3) years, and 50.9% were female. Over a median (range) follow-up of 5.8 (0.8-9.6) years, 1,262 incident diabetes cases were documented. EI and GL exhibited strong positive correlations throughout the day. EI and GL in late morning were inversely associated with diabetes risk, whereas those in other meal timings were not associated with diabetes risk. In fully adjusted models, the hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.97) for a 100-kcal increase of EI and 0.93 (0.89 to 0.97) for a 10-unit increase of GL in late morning. The associations were stronger and showed a linear dose-response relationship in males and adults with overweight/obesity. Replacing energy intake or GL, from early morning, afternoon, or evening with late morning equivalents was associated with comparable reductions in diabetes risk. Conclusions: This study identifies late morning as a favorable meal timing for lowering diabetes risk in Hispanic/Latino adults, providing a novel perspective on type 2 diabetes prevention that warrants confirmation.

Abstract P189: Optimal Measures of Carbohydrate Quality to Reduce the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: A plethora of indices have been investigated as optimal measures of carbohydrate quality in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but a systematic comparison has not been conducted. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that not all carbohydrate quality indices are equally associated with the risk of T2D. Methods: We investigated associations between twenty-two carbohydrate quality variables and T2D risk among 212,883 US adults with up to 32y of follow-up in the ongoing Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used multivariable and BMI-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Cereal fiber (comparing extreme quintiles of intake, RR:0.82, 95% CI:0.78, 0.87), whole fruit carbohydrates (RR:0.82, 95% CI:0.78, 0.87), glycemic index (RR:1.18, 95% CI:1.12, 1.24), and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sugar (RR:1.23, 95% CI:1.17, 1.29) had the largest observed risk estimates of T2D (all P-trend<0.001). In addition, dietary glycemic load, starch, starchy vegetables, and potato and legume carbohydrates were positively associated (RR’s= 1.07 - 1.14), while whole grain carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with risk of T2D (RR= 0.94). Total and refined grain carbohydrates, added sugar, and non-starchy vegetables were not associated with risk of T2D. Ratios of carbohydrate or starch to total fiber or cereal fiber were all positively associated with risk of T2D (RR’s=1.11 - 1.33). The alternate Carbohydrate Quality Index (aCQI) (RR:0.73, 95% CI:0.69, 0.77) was more strongly associated with risk of T2D than the original CQI (RR:0.90, 95% CI:0.85, 0.95; both P-trend<0.001). Conclusion: Although many indices were associated with risk of T2D, higher intakes of cereal fiber and whole fruit carbohydrates, and lower intakes of glycemic index and sugar-sweetened beverage sugar had the lowest risk of T2D. The aCQI, comprising these four dietary variables and whole-grain carbohydrates, was strongly associated with risk of T2D and warrants further investigation.

Effect of supplementing concentrate mixture with field pea hull on yearling ram lambs of local sheep: Nutrient intake, linear body measurements, and changes in body weight

The fattening of sheep has been recognized as a potentially profitable activity in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, feed shortage and increasing prices for conventional feed ingredients and commercially formulated concentrate mixtures critically affect the fattening practice of sheep in the country. So, this feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding field pea hull at different inclusion levels with a concentrate mixture on feed intakes, nutrient utilization, linear body measurements, and body weight gain. Eighteen yearling ram lambs were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were T1 (control), fed native hay adlibitum + concentrate mixture formulated using only conventional feed ingredients (0% field pea hull); T2 and T3 were fed native hay adlibitum + concentrate mixture formulated with inclusion of 35% field pea hull and 50% field pea hull, respectively along with other feed ingredients. The feeding trial was conducted for 90 days. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS, and Turkey’s HSD multiple-comparison was used for means separation. The result showed a significant (p<0.001) variation in dry matter and nutrient intake among treatments. The DMI was the highest in T3, followed by T2, while it was the lowest in T1. The average total neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber intakes and metabolizable energy intake were highest in T3 and followed by T2, while they were the lowest in T1. The average total body weight gain (kg) was higher in T3 (9.0kg) and T2 (8.67kg) than in T1 (6.58kg). Similarly, higher average daily body weight gains were recorded in T3 (100g) and T2 (96.3g) than in T1 (73.2g). Sheep that were fed field pea hull by the inclusion of 50 % in concentrate mixtures (T3) were more efficient in feed utilization (p<0.05) than T1 as they consumed significantly less amount of feed per 1 g of body weight gain. Hence, it is concluded that feeding of 50% field pea hull along with concentrate mixture could be used for better fattening performance of sheep.

Trilobatin contributes to the improvement of myopathy in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) occurs due to genetic mutations that lead to a deficiency in dystrophin production and consequent progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibres, through oxidative stress and an exacerbated inflammatory process. The flavonoid trilobatin (TLB) demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Its high safety profile and effective action make it a potent therapy for the process of dystrophic muscle myonecrosis. Thus, we sought to investigate the action of TLB on damage in a DMD model, the mdx mouse. Eight-week-old male animals were treated with 160 mg/kg/day of trilobatin for 8 weeks. Control animals were treated with saline. Following treatment, muscle strength, serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, histopathology (necrotic myofibres, regenerated fibres/central nuclei, Feret's diameter and inflammatory area) and the levels of catalase and NF-κB (western blotting) of the quadriceps (QUA), diaphragm (DIA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were measured. TLB was able to significantly increase muscle strength and reduce serum CK levels in dystrophic animals. The QUA of mdx mice showed a reduction in catalase and the number of fibres with a centralized nucleus after treatment with TLB. In the DIA of dystrophic animals, TLB reduced the necrotic myofibres, inflammatory area and NF-κB and increased the number of regenerated fibres and the total fibre diameter. In TA, TLB increased the number of regenerated fibres and reduced catalase levels in these animals. It is concluded that in the mdx experimental model, treatment with TLB was beneficial in the treatment of DMD.

Factors Affecting Abdominal Circumference in Adolescent Girls

Background: Central obesity was a health problem in Indonesia. One of indicator to find out central obesity was abdominal circumference. According to preliminary research, 28.4% of students had abdominal circumference >80 cm. Central obesity cause is multifactorial. Objectives: To identify factors related to abdominal circumference in adolescent girls. Methods: The design research was a cross-sectional. The total sample was 89 respondents, using the Lemeshow formula. The Sampling was taken by purposive sampling. The abdominal circumference data was measured by a metline. The percentage of body fat was analyzed with the Omron body fat analyzer. Food consumption patterns used Semi Quantitative Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ). Emotional overeating used the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ), diet attitude, and oral control with the Eating Attitude Test (EAT)-26. The Data was analyzed by STATA 13 with the spearman test. Results: Relationship of BMI (p=0.000; r=0.677), percentage of body fat (p=0.000; r=0.56), kind of junk food (p=0.02; r=0.23). frequency of junk food (p=0.04; r=0.21), energy intake from junk food (p=0.0061, r=0.28), fat intake from junk food (p=0.018, r=0.24), total enery intake (p=0.036; r=0.222), total fat intake (p=0.01; r=0.24); total fiber (p=0.17; r=0.14); overeating (p=0.018, r=0.25); diet attitude (p=0.000; r=-0.52), and oral control (p=0.0001; r=0.39) with abdominal circumference. Conclusions: There was a relationship between BMI, body fat percentage, junk food consumption pattern (type, frequency, amount of intake and fat), energy intake, fat intake, emotional overeating, diet attitude, and oral control of the abdominal circumference. There was no significant relationship between fiber intake and abdominal circumference.

Fiber and whole grain intakes in relation to liver cancer risk: An analysis in 2 prospective cohorts and systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

The association between fiber or whole grain intakes and the risk of liver cancer remains unclear. We assessed the associations between fiber or whole grain intakes and liver cancer risk among 2 prospective studies, and systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed these results with published prospective studies. A total of 111,396 participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) and 26,085 men from the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study were included. Intakes of total fiber and whole grains were estimated from validated food frequency questionnaires. Study-specific HRs and 95% CI with liver cancer risk were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. We systematically reviewed existing literature, and studies were combined in a dose-response meta-analysis. A total of 277 (median follow-up = 15.6 y) and 165 (median follow-up = 16.0 y) cases of liver cancer were observed in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial and Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, respectively. Dietary fiber was inversely associated with liver cancer risk in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (HR 10g/day : 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.86). No significant associations were observed between whole grain intakes and liver cancer risk in either study. Our meta-analysis included 2383 incident liver cancer cases (7 prospective cohorts) for fiber intake and 1523 cases (5 prospective cohorts) for whole grain intake; combined HRs for liver cancer risk were 0.83 (0.76-0.91) per 10 g/day of fiber and 0.92 (0.85-0.99) per 16 g/day (1 serving) of whole grains. Dietary fiber and whole grains were inversely associated with liver cancer risk. Further research exploring potential mechanisms and different fiber types is needed.

EVALUATION OF BAKING QUALITY OF BREAD FROM COMPOSITE MIXTURE OF WHEAT FLOUR AND P-GLABRA SEED FLOUR

Pachira glabra is one of the abundant underutilized plants in the tropics. The seeds were processed into flour. A sample of the flour were evaluated for physicochemical composition, functional properties, baking test and the bread produced were subjected to sensory analysis. The results of proximate analysis showed that P. glabra flour had significantly higher total fat content, Crude fiber and total ash content (P>0.05), but with lower values of other components when compared with the white wheat flour. The anti – nutrient properties of P. glabra flour such as; Tannins, Phytates, Oxalates and Alkaloids were obtained to be; 3.29, 6.99, 3.74 and 1.98 mg/100g respectively. The functional properties of P. glabra flour had significantly higher in WAC, and swelling capacity (P>0.05), but with lower values of forming capacity and OAC, both the two samples had the same value of bulk density. P. glabra flour may find its use in food industry. The volume of the bread obtained after baking test showed a decrease of bread volume with an increase in P. glabra flour substitution. The results of Sensory evaluation gotten from the panelist were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and there was significant difference in colour, aroma and overall acceptability but no significant difference in taste, and texture.

Effect of hybrid ratio on the flexural properties of Arenga Pinnata fiber/E-glass fiber/polyester hybrid composites

Hybrid ratio effect on flexural properties of sugar palm/E-glass fiber hybrid-reinforced polyester composites has been investigated. Before being embedded, the sugar palm fiber was taken off from its original mesh, washed, alkali-treated, and chopped into ~10 mm long. The specimens were cut from composite plates having different hybrid ratios, fabricated using cold pressed technique. The total fiber volume fraction was kept at ~0.21, where four hybrid ratios, and two span-to-depth ratios were used. The E-glass was arranged unidirectionally and placed right on the surface of a bottom mold and wetted using the matrix, and the SPF was then evenly poured on the wet E-glass arrangement in randomly oriented pattern. Specimen preparation and testing were carried out according to the ASTM D790 standard, where the E-glass sides were placed in tension sides of the beams. It was found that flexural strength, and strain at maximum stress significantly increase with the increase of hybrid ratio.

Eggs and a Fiber-Rich Diet Are Beneficially Associated with Lipid Levels in Framingham Offspring Study Adults

BackgroundFor many years, United States’ dietary policy recommended limiting egg intake to no more than 3/wk in the belief that restricting dietary cholesterol would lower plasma cholesterol levels and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The evidence supporting these recommendations is controversial. ObjectivesTo examine the impact of eggs, a major contributor to dietary cholesterol intake, on lipid levels and to determine whether these egg effects are modified by other healthy dietary factors in adults. MethodsMales and females aged 30–64 y with available 3-d diet record data, without cardiovascular disease and not taking lipid- or glucose-lowering medications in the prospective Framingham Offspring cohort were included (n = 1852). Analysis of covariance models were used to compare mean follow-up lipid levels adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and dietary factors. Cox proportional hazard’s models were used to estimate risk for elevated lipid levels. ResultsConsuming ≥5 eggs/wk was not adversely associated with lipid outcomes. Among men, consuming ≥5 (compared with <0.5) eggs/wk was associated with an 8.6 mg/dL lower total cholesterol level and a 5.9 mg/dL lower LDL cholesterol level, as well as lower triglycerides. Overall, higher egg intake combined with higher dietary fiber (compared with lower intakes of both) was associated with the lowest total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol–to–HDL cholesterol ratio. Finally, diets with higher (compared with lower) egg intakes in combination with higher total fish or fiber intakes, respectively, were associated with lower risks of developing elevated (>160 mg/dL) LDL cholesterol levels (hazard ratio: 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.44, 0.84; and HR: 0.70; 95% confidence interval: 0.49, 0.98, respectively). ConclusionsHigher egg intakes were beneficially associated with serum lipids among healthy adults, particularly those who consumed more fish and dietary fiber.

Isometric fiber distribution in the roller drafting zone

Roller drafting, a key mechanical operation for attenuating slivers to a desired thickness, holds critical significance in the spinning processes of the textile industry. Within the drafting stage of spinning, the motion state of fibers is influenced by their intrinsic characteristics, the force applied, and the distribution of both fast-moving and slow-moving fibers. This research focused on man-made fibers, which are isometric, and studied their distributions in the roller drafting zone. In addition, the cut-off weighting method was incorporated to measure the fiber distributions in the drafting zone, the impact of drafting parameters on fiber distribution was discussed, and the associated fiber distribution curves were generated. Findings reveal that fiber distributions are highly affected by factors such as the fiber length, roller-setting, and draft ratio. Conversely, the input sliver linear density and doubling number exhibited negligible influence on the fiber distribution. The total fiber distribution curve appeared as a dichotomy, including a horizontal line and an oblique line. This study also presented a second-order regression model and a deduction model to predict the distribution of isometric fibers in the roller drafting zone.

A36 EFFECT OF FIBRE SUPPLEMENTATION IN CELIAC DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR MUCOSAL HEALING

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CeD) is a T-cell mediated enteropathy driven by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Mucosal inflammation persists for years even when treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD). Although patients may be advised to increase dietary fibre, some fibres are poorly tolerated leading, potentially, to suboptimal fibre intake and hampering dietary recommendations. Aims Our project aims to investigate whether and how the supplementation of two fibre types with distinct functional profiles affects the recovery of gluten-immunopathology in a mouse model of gluten-sensitivity. We hypothesize that: (1) HylonVII, but not inulin, accelerates mucosal recovery by increasing microbial carbolytic activity and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA); (2) fibre intake is decreased in CeD patients, leading to decreased SCFA production. Methods NOD-DQ8 mice were immunized to gliadin and then placed on a gluten-containing diet. Three weeks later, mice were returned to GFD supplemented with or without HylonVII or inulin to 15% total fibre, for 6, 10, or 12 weeks. Recovery from gluten-induced pathology was evaluated by counting CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in villi tips and measuring villus-to-crypt (V/C) ratios in the small intestine. Adult CeD patients (newly diagnosed n=6 and GFD-treated n=7) and healthy controls (n=5) completed a food frequency questionnaire (Victoria DQES v2) and provided fecal samples for evaluation of SCFA production. Fecal SCFA were measured with targeted single ion monitoring gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (Agilent) as markers of fibre metabolism. Results In gluten immunized mice, 3 weeks of wheat diet led to increased CD3+ IEL counts and decreased V/C ratios (pampersand:003C0.01), which remained abnormal after 6 weeks of GFD. Mice consuming GFD+inulin, but not HylonVII, normalized CD3+ IELs and V/C ratios, had higher fecal SCFAs (pampersand:003C0.05) (primarily acetate), and a higher carbolytic-proteolytic metabolite ratio (pampersand:003C0.05) compared with mice consuming a GFD alone for six weeks. Only 1/7 patients with CeD on GFD met the minimum recommendation for fibre intake (25 g/day, Health Canada), compared with 5/11 participants on gluten-containing diets. SCFA production was impaired in active but not in treated CeD patients (2563 vs 3744 μg/g, pampersand:003C0.01). Conclusions In gluten-immunized NOD-DQ8 mice, GFD+inulin accelerates mucosal recovery, which is associated with increased fecal SCFA. In our pilot clinical data, patients on a GFD did not meet the recommendation for fibre intake although they were capable of metabolizing fibre to produce SCFA that could facilitate mucosal recovery. Together these results suggest that CeD on GFD may benefit from increasing fibre, such as inulin, during the GFD. Funding Agencies CIHRCeliac Canada

Proposal for preparing pasta based on petiole and turnip leaves

Brazilian food production is one of the largest in the world, with fruit and vegetables being the highlight. Despite this position, it is also a country of contrasts, since a considerable part of this production does not fulfill its food function, due to post-harvest losses, which reach rates of up to 40%. Thus, the transformation of discards or vegetables of low commercial value into flour or the creation of new foods has proven efficient in recent years, so this study aimed to develop vegetable-based flours of low commercial value to be inserted into pasta. A fresh pasta was prepared with the incorporation of the “non-noble” part of the turnip and its physical-chemical characteristics were evaluated: moisture content, dry matter, lipids, crude protein, total fiber, ash, total carbohydrates by difference, total titratable acidity and hydrogen potential (pH). When carrying out the process of producing fresh pasta with the leaves and stems of the nado, it proved to be simple, as it used low-cost techniques, being a process easily accessible to the population, demonstrating a new way of consuming such waste in a more nutritionally qualitative way.

Influence of Different Drying Processes on the Chemical and Texture Profile of Cucurbita maxima Pulp.

The effects of hot air (HAD), vacuum (VAD) and conductive (CD) drying on the chemical and textural profiles of Cucurbita maxima pulp were investigated to find suitable drying conditions to avoid postharvest losses of pumpkin. The results showed that the drying methods had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the chemical and textural profiles of pumpkin pulp. The ash content was lower in VAD (up to 7.65%) than in HAD (up to 9.88%) and CD pulp (up to 9.21%). The samples of HAD, CD and VAD had a higher fat content, up to 3.07, 2.66 and 2.51%, respectively, than fresh pulp (1.55%). The total fibre content is lower for VAD (up to 8.78%) than for HAD (up to 15.43%) and CD pulp (13.94%). HAD pulp at 70 °C (~15.51%) and VAD and CD pulp processed between 50 and 60 °C (~22%) are good sources of protein. HAD and CD pulp at 70 °C and VAD at 50 °C resulted in a high sugar content (up to 83.23%). In addition to drying, the extraction time of 40 min used in ultrasound-assisted extraction is optimal, especially for protein and sugar recovery in dried samples. Drying also led to strong changes in the textural properties of the pulp, so that an excellent dried intermediate product is the one obtained using HAD at a temperature of 70 °C and an airflow of 0.5 m/s.

In situ creation of aramid fiber surface coating with polymerizable deep eutectic solvents and their interfacial bonding properties with rubber

AbstractThe coating was created on the surface of aramid fibers (AFs) by solution dip‐coating and in situ UV curable method, using a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES), dissolved poly(ethylene imine), and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry confirmed the successful construction of the coating on the AF surface, which accounted for 12%–17% of the total fiber mass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed a 2 μm increase in fiber diameter and a maximum fiber surface average roughness (Ra) of 263.7 nm when the polyethyleneimine content was 0.5% (AF‐PDES‐0.5). Based on these results, H pull‐out samples of fiber/rubber composites were fabricated. The results indicated that the H pull‐out force of AF‐PDES‐0.5 samples increased by 109.74% than that of untreated fiber, and reached 12.92 N of the maximum strength. In summary, the method is simple, rapid, non‐polluting, capable of continuous, and intelligent construction of coatings on the surface of AF. Thus, making it highly promising for application in the field of aviation tires.Highlights Using PDES, green, and low‐carbon preparation processes. Solution dip‐coating and UV reaction for improved reaction speed and workability. Quantitative of interface thickness and modulus using EDS and AFM.

Associations of cereal fiber intake with rheumatoid arthritis mediated by dietary inflammatory index: insights from NHANES 2011–2020

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an increasingly prevalent inflammatory disorder worldwide. Its complex etiology has recently brought dietary factors, particularly fiber intake, into focus as potential influencers. Our study investigates the intricate relationship between various sources of dietary fiber and RA, emphasizing the mediating role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Leveraging data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2020. We meticulously assessed dietary fiber intake through dual 24 h dietary recall interviews, while RA diagnoses were established based on comprehensive medical surveys. The relationships between fiber intake, RA prevalence, and DII mediation were analyzed using sophisticated multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis. Among our study cohort, 7% were diagnosed with RA. We observed a notable inverse correlation between increased total fiber intake, particularly 5 g/day increments, and the incidence of RA, with cereal fiber intake emerging as the primary mitigating factor. Intriguingly, the DII played a significant role in mediating this association, especially regarding cereal fiber. Our findings reveal a significant association between higher cereal fiber consumption and a reduced prevalence of RA. Additionally, the DII stands out as a pivotal mediator in this relationship, highlighting dietary management's critical role in preventing and managing RA.

Valorization of Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve Young Shoots in Healthy and Sustainable Diets.

The revalorization of natural resources in food production is increasing, and the effect of climate change is negatively affecting the production of conventional crops. In recent years, edible halophytes have received more attention due to their ability to tolerate a wide range of salinities. Thus, the use of halophytes that require less water and are strongly adapted to high-salinity soil and coastal areas can provide sustainable agriculture in certain areas. In addition, there is growing interest in the study of the possibilities that these species offer as foods due to their excellent nutritional profile and antioxidant properties. For that reason, the exploitation of plants adapted to these areas is nowadays even more important than in the past to guarantee food security in arid or semiarid salinized territories. The available data about the nutrients and bioactive compounds composition of many non-cultivated edible vegetables traditionally used in the Mediterranean area, such as Salicornia edible young shoots, are still scarce. With the aim of improving the knowledge on their nutritional value, the present study provides new data about the content of some compounds with biological activity, such as fiber and organic acids, in eight samples of young shoots of S. patula Duval-Jouve gathered in great mainland and coastal salt marshes in Southwest and Central Spain. Results showed that this vegetable can be considered a healthy food and a very good source of dietary fiber (4.81-6.30 g/100 g fw total fiber). Its organic acid profile showed oxalic, malic, citric and succinic acids. Oxalic acid was the major one, with mean values of 0.151-1.691 g/100 g fw. From the results obtained in this study, S. patula shoots could be recommended as an alternative source of fiber for healthy and sustainable diets in the general adult population with no risk of renal disease.

P825 Comprehensive dietitian-delivered dietary advice effectively achieves dietary change in adults with Ulcerative Colitis, whereas generalised written dietary advice does not

Abstract Background Diet is an important consideration in microbial therapy trials. It is unclear whether provision of generalised written dietary advice is sufficient to induce dietary change as part of a therapeutic regimen or whether personalised diet advice is required. This study examines the effectiveness of different dietary advice modes provided in dietary and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) studies in adults with mild-moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods This observational study examined before and after dietary intake data from three prospective dietary and FMT studies held from 2018 to 2021 at a South Australian tertiary inflammatory bowel disease service. In all studies, adults ≥18 years with mild-moderately active UC completed 3 or 7-day weighed food diaries measuring habitual diet at 0 and 8 weeks after provision of dietitian-developed dietary advice. In studies one and two, a medical officer provided participants a written UC healthy eating pamphlet. The pamphlet contained generalised dietary recommendations for UC, targeting reduction of total and animal protein and increasing fermentable fibres including resistant starch to recommended serve sizes. In study three, a research dietitian provided a 1-week guided meal plan, diet manual with recipes and verbal personalised dietary counselling advising on the same recommendations and strategies. In all studies, participants were encouraged to eat to appetite. Dietary intake, including key nutrients of interest (protein and fermentable fibres), at weeks 0 and 8 was assessed using Foodworks 10TM nutritional analysis software and analysed using paired statistical tests. Results Across studies one and two, 28 adults with mild-moderately active UC received written dietary advice. In study three, 30 adults received personalised verbal and written dietary advice. Outlined in Table 1, verbal and written advice significantly reduced total protein and animal protein intakes by 20% (p=0.007) and 34% (p=0.002) respectively. Total fibre and resistant starch intakes significantly increased by 64% (p&amp;lt;0.001) and 353% (p&amp;lt;0.001) respectively. Comparatively, written advice alone had no significant change on any key nutrient intakes. Neither dietary advice mode significantly changed energy or micronutrient intakes. Conclusion Written dietary advice alone was insufficient to achieve dietary change. In contrast, verbal and written dietary advice with the same intended change on dietary intake, delivered by a research dietitian effectively achieved dietary changes. This emphasises that comprehensive written and verbal dietary education delivered by a dietitian should be included in microbial-modulating study designs where dietary change is an intended outcome.

Higher insoluble fiber intake is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer: results from the PLCO cohort

Studies regarding the relationship between fiber intake and prostate cancer (PCa) have conflicting results. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between fiber intake and the risk of PCa by using data from Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. A total of 54,336 participants in the United States, consisting of 6,414 patients with PCa, were included in this study. Multivariate Cox regression models were applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of insoluble fiber intake had a significantly lower risk of PCa (aHR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78–0.98). By contrast, no significant associations were detected between total fiber intake (aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80–1.01) or soluble fiber intake (aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80–1.02). Subgroup analyses showed that insoluble fiber was related to a decreased risk of PCa in subjects with the following characteristics: age > 65 years, nonsmoking or former smokers, education level ≤ high school, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, or without a family history of PCa. In addition, significant combined effects of insoluble fiber intake, age and family history of PCa on the risk of PCa were observed, but no combined effects of smoking status and insoluble fiber intake were observed. In addition, total fiber, insoluble fiber, and soluble fiber intake had no influence on the mortality of PCa patients. These results show that all 3 measures of fiber suggest a protective association, but insoluble fiber may have a stronger association with the risk of PCa. Future studies are warranted to further investigate these relationships.