Total Collapse Research Articles

Mitigating the seismic pounding of multi-story buildings in series using linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers

Seismic-induced pounding between adjacent buildings may have serious consequences, ranging from minor damage up to total collapse. Therefore, researchers try to mitigate the pounding problem using different methods, such as coupling the adjacent buildings with stiff beams, connecting them using viscoelastic links, and installing damping devices in each building individually. In the current paper, the effect of using linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers to mitigate the mutual pounding between a series of structures is investigated. Nonlinear finite-element analysis of a series of adjacent steel buildings equipped with damping devices was conducted. Contact surfaces with both contactor and target were used to model the mutual pounding. The results indicate that the use of linear or nonlinear dampers leads to the significant reduction in the response of adjacent buildings in series. Moreover, the substantial improvement of the performance of buildings has been observed for almost all stories. From the design point of view, it is concluded that dampers implemented in adjacent buildings should be designed to resist maximum force of 6.20 or 1.90 times the design independent force in the case of using linear or nonlinear fluid viscous dampers, respectively. Also, designers should pay attention to the design of the structural elements surrounding dampers, because considerable forces due to pounding may occur in the dampers at the maximum displaced position of the structure.

Full-scale shake table tests of P&B type of Japanese three-story wood dwellings for the collapse characterization

The 2009 test program of E-Defense aims to investigate the new design concept compliant with high-performance expectations and long-span service life for wood structures under the act of quality assurance. This study describes the full-scale shake table test program of three-story Post and Beam (P&B) Grade-1 and Grade-2 index wood structures in the Japanese building taxonomy. Input ground motions of the test program are generated to represent a frequent, rare, and very rare level of earthquake ground motion using a random process with an envelope function. Design and analysis of test specimens were carried out following the Japanese seismic design code, where the component tests of structural elements were performed before the shake table test program. A sequence of spectrally matched artificial ground motions was used in the test program to assess the progressive collapse mechanism of both test specimens. Wall to plan ratio is a critical indicator in the structural design of wood structures to determine the minimum required amount of wall and proper plan layout on each floor. Simplified N value method and allowable stress design approach are conducted for configuring and proportioning the structural elements during the design process. Special attention is given to connection details and foundation anchorages to ensure a continuous load transfer path. The first mode-dominated response characteristics of the structure are derived from the test data. Progressive damage mechanism has yielded to cyclic strength and stiffness deterioration. The global drift angle of the test structure has exceeded the 5% drift ratio. The capability of the versatile hysteretic model for wood structures is well-justified through the comparison of the numerical model and the physical test data for collapse characterization under gradually increased earthquake demands. Accumulation of damage at the last phase of the test program is led to the loss of dynamic stability in the Grade-1 building and total collapse of Grade-2 wood-dwelling, respectively. Test results have provided valuable data to overview and improve the response characteristics of code-conforming wood structures with an extended service life towards earthquake resilience of cities.

Dinophyceae can use exudates as weapons against the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Syndiniales)

Parasites in the genus Amoebophrya sp. infest dinoflagellate hosts in marine ecosystems and can be determining factors in the demise of blooms, including toxic red tides. These parasitic protists, however, rarely cause the total collapse of Dinophyceae blooms. Experimental addition of parasite-resistant Dinophyceae (Alexandrium minutum or Scrippsiella donghaienis) or exudates into a well-established host-parasite coculture (Scrippsiella acuminata-Amoebophrya sp.) mitigated parasite success and increased the survival of the sensitive host. This effect was mediated by waterborne molecules without the need for a physical contact. The strength of the parasite defenses varied between dinoflagellate species, and strains of A. minutum and was enhanced with increasing resistant host cell concentrations. The addition of resistant strains or exudates never prevented the parasite transmission entirely. Survival time of Amoebophrya sp. free-living stages (dinospores) decreased in presence of A. minutum but not of S. donghaienis. Parasite progeny drastically decreased with both species. Integrity of the dinospore membrane was altered by A. minutum, providing a first indication on the mode of action of anti-parasitic molecules. These results demonstrate that extracellular defenses can be an effective strategy against parasites that protects not only the resistant cells producing them, but also the surrounding community.

CHINA’S MARKET EXPANSION AND IMPACTS ON NIGERIA’S TEXTILE INDUSTRY

This study analyses the various ways in which China’s market expansion impacts Nigeria’s textile industry. Two major surviving textile firms in Nigeria were studied: Sunflag Textile Manufacturing Company and the United Nigerian Textile Manufacturing Company. The study made use of documentary research and a qualitative case study, where an interview was employed as the research tool. Global economic integration/trade liberalization formed the theoretical basis for analysis. Findings reveal that China’s market expansion driven by globalisation impacts significantly on Nigeria’s textile industry. For instance, the influx of Chinese cheap textiles (80 per cent of textiles in the Nigerian market today are imported from China) and the re-export of textiles imported from China by neighbouring states such as the Benin Republic to Nigeria through smuggling has led to an almost total collapse of Nigeria’s textile industry. China has also taken advantage of the country’s huge infrastructure deficit and government neglect of the textile sector to replicate Nigerian unique Wax print known as Ankara, thereby displacing local producers. Thus, the once-thriving manufacturing textile sector has become moribund as Chinese textiles take over the Nigerian market. The study recommends that the Nigerian government should support (financially) the distressed/collapsed firms and also upgrade the country’s infrastructure particularly the power sector for the remaining textile firms to survive and compete successfully in a globalised world.

Impact of the pandemic on surgical activity in colorectal cancer in Spain. Results of a national survey

IntroductionThe pandemic has had an impact on colorectal cancer surgery in hospitals. In 2020, up to 75% of colorectal cancer patients are estimated to require surgery. No objective data on the impact of the pandemic on the management of surgical waiting lists is available. We conducted a survey in colorectal surgery units to assess the impact on colorectal cancer surgery waiting lists. MethodAll personnel in charge of colorectal surgery units nationwide received a survey (from February to April, 2020) with eight questions divided into three sections—cessation date of colorectal cancer surgeries, number of patients waiting for treatment, and use of neoadjuvant therapy to postpone surgery. ResultsSixty-seven units participated in the study, with 79.1% of units ceasing some type of activity (32.8% total and 46.3% partial cessation) and 20.9% continuing all surgical activity. In addition, 65% of units used or prolonged neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer patients and 40% of units performed at least five emergency colorectal cancer surgeries. It was estimated that at least one month of intense surgical activity will be required to catch up. ConclusionsCurrently, patients from units with a long waiting list must be redistributed, at least within the country. In the future, in the event of a second wave of the pandemic, an effective program to manage each unit’s resources should be developed to prevent total collapse.

Pegylated Carboxyhemoglobin (SANGUINATE®) Restores Blood Flow and Tissue Oxygenation in a Novel Rat Model of Acute Vaso-Occlusive Crisis

INTRODUCTION: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) hemoglobin S (HbS) promotes hemoglobin polymerization and red blood cell (RBC) sickling during hypoxia. PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine (PEG-COHb; SANGUINATE®) has been previously shown to reverse sickling of SCD RBC in vitro by directed gas transfer to hypoxic RBC. A rat model was used to evaluate the capability of SANGUINATE® to restore cardiovascular rheology and tissue oxygenation (PISFO2) at sites distal to acute Vaso-Occlusions (VOC).OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the in vivo capability of PEG-COHb to improve rheology in rats placed in active VOC through transfusion of human SCD RBC while monitoring treatment effects on PISFO2 and systemic functions.METHODS: Human homozygous (HbSS) whole blood was obtained from consented SCD volunteers. The SCD RBC were isolated by centrifugation, triple-washed and resuspended in lactated Ringer's saline (LRS). Male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized, cannulated for fluid transfer, and surgically prepared for microscopic study of the spinotrapezius microcirculation. Isovolemic exchange transfusion of rat blood with suspended SC RBCs (27.5 ± 3.5% total blood volume) was conducted until PISFO2 at the distal portion of the spinotrapezius muscle was < 1 mmHg. VOC was visually confirmed as wide-spread precapillary arteriolar flow-arrest. Animals in VOC were subsequently treated 15 minutes later with PEG-COHb or LRS administered as a bolus of 8.0 ml/kg over 5 minutes. Animals were observed for up to 4 hours post-treatment and then euthanized. Measurements included systemic cardiovascular parameters, survival, blood chemistry, and PISFO2 via phosphorescence quenching microscopy and were obtained across treatment groups and the no treatment [Sham] control group.RESULTS: Exchange transfusion successfully produced a reduction in PISFO2 in the distal portion of the spinotrapezius muscle for all animals to <1 mmHg presumably through Vaso-Occlusions. VOC was visually apparent as flow arrest was initially observed in capillaries and most small venules and arterioles, and then progressed proximally into sites with larger feed vessels and higher intravascular pressures with subsequent declines in local PISFO2. Intervention with PEG-COHb and LRS both showed a visual improvement in microvascular flow, but yielded differential effects on PISFO2 in all sites (average return to 96 ± 6% and 64 ± 20% of baseline, respectively). PEG-COHb -treated animals survived the entire 4 h observation phase with a final global spinotrapezius PISFO2 level within 10% of baseline values. In contrast, global spinotrapezius PISFO2 declined to 0 mmHg for LRS treated animals by 3 h with rapid decline in mean arterial pressure and death occurring prior to 4 h. Serum lactate levels were monitored to provide an assessment of systemic ischemia from time 0 after exchange transfusion to the last collection point near the end of the experiment. Lactate increased for untreated Sham (34 ± 4.5 to 124 ± 43.0 mg/dl) and LRS groups (48 ± 15.0 to 110 ± 43.0 mg/dl), but remained stable for SANGUINATE®-treated animals (42 ± 1.5 to 40 ± 4.5 mg/dl). Total microcirculatory collapse occurred in Sham animals by 3h along with a null-reading of PISFO2, which was followed by a rapid decline in mean arterial pressure and death at 3.5 h similar to the LRS group.SUMMARY: This study was conducted in a novel rat model providing the ability to monitor real-time microcirculatory events and systemic parameters, which is difficult in murine models due to their smaller stature. PEG-COHb treatment promoted VOC resolution as evidenced through improved blood flow and concomitant effects on PISFO2. Importantly, the gas transfer properties of SANGUINATE® not only acutely resolved VOC, but provided the added benefit of restoring PISFO2 to near baseline values. In contrast, LRS animals showed transient rheology and minimal PISFO2 improvements, but levels declined over time and outcomes were similar to sham controls. Restoring blood flow and PISFO2 are key events to limiting VOC pain and complications and the treatment with PEG-COHb demonstrated the ability to achieve these critical functions suggesting it may provide improvements in treating acute VOC in human SCD individuals. DisclosuresSong:Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding. Nugent:Prolong Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding.

Damage mode and dynamic response of RC girder bridge under explosions

During the whole service life, bridge structures potentially suffered from the threats from military conflicts, terrorist attacks and accidental explosions. The related studies on the damage modes and dynamic responses of entire RC girder bridges subjected to the explosion loadings is very limited, which is addressed through high-reliability numerical simulations. Firstly, by comparing with the experimental overpressure- and acceleration-time histories, as well as the damage modes from the explosion tests on 1/5 scaled two-span girder bridges, the validities of the material models and corresponding parameters, as well as the numerical simulation algorithms are verified sufficiently. Then, three levels of potential explosive threats, i.e., suitcase, sedan, and small moving van (the corresponding equivalent cubic TNT explosive masses are 23 kg, 454 kg and 4536 kg) specified by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) were selected to analyze the damage modes and dynamic responses of a typical four-span prototype RC girder bridge under both below- and above-deck explosion scenarios. Furthermore, the blast resistance of both simply-supported and continuous girder bridges were examined, and the minimum safe distances were proposed. It derives that, (i) for the below-deck explosion scenarios, total nine damage modes exist from small-scale spalling of concrete at the bottom of pier to the total collapse of the bridge; (ii) for the above-deck explosion scenarios, eight damage modes can be induced, including cratering and opening in deck, flexural failure of the T-girder, etc.; (iii) the continuous bridge exhibits obvious and slight enhanced blast resistance for below- and above-deck explosions than simply-supported girder bridges; (iv) small moving van can lead to the destruction of the entire bridge, the minimum safe standoff distances for suitcase and sedan bombs are 0.5 m and 3.0 m.

Microwave Versus Conventional Porcelain Firing: Greenware to Biscuit Crystallochemical Transformations

Abstract This work reports and compares the structural crystallochemical transformations occurring during the microwave and conventional porcelain manufacture. Batches of greenware (just dried) porcelain pieces are microwave and electrically fired at increasing temperatures, from 420 °C up to 1100 °C. Crystallochemical transformations are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and compared the results from samples microwave and conventionally fired. Microwave fired samples show the full and rapid collapse of kaolinite structure for firing temperatures just above 500 °C, whereas the collapse of kaolinite structure of the electrically fired samples is progressive, from about 500 °C up to 950 °C. Muscovite structure totally collapses at about 950 °C for microwave fired greenware samples, whereas muscovite structure total collapse only occurs at about 1050 °C for electrically fired greenware samples. Microwave and electric firing lead to appreciable differences in the sanidine–orthoclase–microcline structural transformations. Mullite formation could be identified in the microwave fired samples at temperatures 50 °C lower than in the electrically fired ones, especially for the conventional firing temperatures above 1050 °C, the same temperature reported in the literature.

Highly Dissipative Materials for Damage Protection against Earthquake-Induced Structural Pounding.

It is a common situation that seismic excitations may lead to collisions between adjacent civil engineering structures. This phenomenon, called earthquake-induced structural pounding, may result in serious damage or even the total collapse of the colliding structures. Filling the gap between two buildings erected close to one another by using visco-elastic materials can be considered to be one of the most effective methods to avoid seismic pounding. In this paper, a new polymer–metal composite material made of polyurethane and closed-cell aluminum foam is proposed as a pounding energy absorber for protection against earthquake hazards. The composite was created in two versions, with and without an adhesive interface. A series of experiments which reflect the conditions of seismic collision were performed: quasi-static compression, dynamic uniaxial compression and low-cycle dynamic compression with 10 loops of unloading at 10% strain. The composite material’s behavior was observed and compared with respect to uniform material specimens: polymer and metal foam. The experimental results showed that the maximum energy absorption efficiency in the case of the new material with the bonding layer was improved by 34% and 49% in quasi-static and dynamic conditions, respectively, in comparison to a sole polymer bumper. Furthermore, the newly proposed composites dissipated from 35% to 44% of the energy absorbed in the cyclic procedure, whereas the polymer specimen dissipated 25%. The capacity of the maintenance of the dissipative properties throughout the complete low-cycle loading was also satisfactory: it achieved an additional 100% to 300% of the energy dissipated in the first loading–unloading loop.

Structural Analysis Using Applied Element Method: A Review

This paper presents a review on a displacement-based method of structural analysis. In Applied Element Method (AEM), the structure is simulated as an assembly of elements formed by dividing the structure virtually. These elements are connected in both normal and tangential directions by springs. AEM can be used to analyze structural behavior from the initial loading until total collapse. It combines between the advantages of Finite Element Method (FEM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM). In this paper, the differences between AEM and the other numerical methods are discussed. Next, basic introduction to AEM and its assumptions are presented. The element formulation and the effect of number of the connecting springs between elements in addition to the element size are illustrated. Finally, applications of AEM such as cyclic loading condition, dynamic small and large deformation range, creep theory, functionally graded material, masonry building and fiber reinforced polymer and polypropylene composite are explained.

Spectral modal modeling by FEM of reinforced concrete framed buildings irregular in elevation

AbstractThe irregular buildings constitute a large part of urban infrastructure and they are currently adopted in many structures for architectural or esthetic reasons. In contrast, the behavior of these buildings during an earthquake generates a detrimental effect on their regularity in elevation which leads to the total collapse of these structures.The objective of this work is essentially to model reinforced concrete framed buildings irregular in elevation subjected to seismic loads by the Finite Element Method (FEM). This modeling aims to evaluate several parameters: displacements, inter-storey drifts and rigidities, using two dynamic calculation methods; one modal and the other spectral modal. The latter is widely used by engineers.For this purpose, a detailed study of the frames which have several setbacks in elevation is carried out to validate the correct functioning of our FEM calculation code in both cases of modal and modal spectral analyses. The performance, accuracy and robustness of the FEM calculation code produced in this study is shown by the good correlation of the obtained results for the treated frames with those obtained using the ETABS software.

Socio-Economic Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the U.S.

This paper proposes a dynamic cascade model to investigate the systemic risk posed by sector-level industries within the U.S. inter-industry network. We then use this model to study the effect of the disruptions presented by Covid-19 on the U.S. economy. We construct a weighted digraph G = (V,E,W) using the industry-by-industry total requirements table for 2018, provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). We impose an initial shock that disrupts the production capacity of one or more industries, and we calculate the propagation of production shortages with a modified Cobb–Douglas production function. For the Covid-19 case, we model the initial shock based on the loss of labor between March and April 2020 as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The industries within the network are assigned a resilience that determines the ability of an industry to absorb input losses, such that if the rate of input loss exceeds the resilience, the industry fails, and its outputs go to zero. We observed a critical resilience, such that, below this critical value, the network experienced a catastrophic cascade resulting in total network collapse. Lastly, we model the economic recovery from June 2020 through March 2021 using BLS data.

Seismic performance enhancement of masonry building models strengthened with the cost-effective materials under bi-directional excitation

Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are prone to severe damage during an earthquake. A total collapse of these structures was witnessed in the past seismic events. Hence, the present study aims to enhance the seismic performance of single-storied scaled-down building models by strengthening with two cost-effective materials; polypropylene (PP) band and steel wire mesh. This is a quick and straightforward process which was followed for the strengthening purpose. Half-scale size of clay and fly-ash bricks were used for making the test specimens. Both URM and strengthened building models were subjected to bi-directional swept sine motion. Each damaged state of building models was reported during the loading sequence. The crack progressions and failure characteristics of the building models were thoroughly observed. Furthermore, arias intensity, acceleration amplification factor, and performance evaluation indices were determined forabetter understanding of the seismic response of the models. It was noticed that both the strengthening materials were effective and economical in improving the performance (strength, global stiffness, damage tolerance) of masonry building models adequately.

A progressive collapse modelling strategy coupling the yield design theory with non-linear analysis

Several examples of structures have been severely damaged, or even reached the total collapse, after the propagation of some local failure, resulting from an accidental or exceptional event. These catastrophic events highlight the importance of not limiting safety assessment in structural design under identified conditions, but also to investigate how much the structural integrity can be preserved so that progressive collapse is avoided under an exceptional event unidentified at the design stage.The main objective of this work is to propose a progressive collapse modelling approach in order to characterize structural robustness. Considering the occurrence of some exceptional event, the yield design theory is used to identify the part of the structure concerned by a failure mechanism. As the yield design theory is based on the infinitesimal strain assumption, an iterative coupling between the yield design approach and a non-linear analysis of the directly affected part is proposed to (i) better analyze the structural response of the part concerned by the failure mechanism, (ii) consider the development of materials and geometrical non-linearities, and (iii) model progressive collapse within the structure. The successive iterations of the yield design approach including the deformed geometrical configuration allow to check the potential ability of the structure to develop a second line of defence. This coupling strategy is applied to a steel framed structure for illustration of the proposed concepts.

Targeted suppression of failure spreading in multistable oscillator networks

Fluctuations and damages crucially determine the operation and stability of networked systems across disciplines, from electrical powergrids, to vascular networks or neuronal networks. Local changes in the underlying dynamics may affect the whole network and, in the worst case, cause a total collapse of the system through a cascading failure. It has been demonstrated that certain subgraphs can reduce failure spreading drastically, or even inhibit it completely. However, this shielding effect is poorly understood for non-linear dynamical models. Here, we study the effect of perturbations in networks of oscillators coupled via the Kuramoto model. We demonstrate how the network structure can be optimised for suppressing specific, targeted fluctuations at a desired operational state while letting others pass. We illustrate our approach by demonstrating that a significant reduction in time-dependent fluctuations may be achieved by optimising the edge weights. Finally, we demonstrate how to apply the developed method to real-world supply networks such as power grids. Our findings reveal that a targeted shielding of specific solutions in multistable systems is possible which may be applied to make supply networks more robust.

Structural Pounding between Adjacent Buildngs during Earthquakes

In India multi-storied buildings are usually constructed, due to high cost and scarcity of land inhabitant places. In order to utilize maximum land area, buildings are constructed generally asymmetrical plan and adjacent to each other. The reports after major earthquakes indicate that the earthquake induced pounding between insufficiently separated buildings may lead to significant damage or even total collapse of structure. This paper examines the collision between adjacent reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under earth- quakes. In this study, two buildings with equal heights, unequal heights are analyzed. To understand torsional behaviour of buildings due to pounding, torsional pounding effect is also considered. To per- form the above cases, the buildings are modeled in standard structural software (SAP2000). For the purpose of study, time history analysis is used. The results are shown in terms of pounding responses, acceleration response and pounding forces.

Rubberized concrete mix – discussions for literature review

Using scraped tires in construction nowadays is one of the most effective topics for designers. Due to the capacity of the new material (rubcrete) to convert the behaviour from brittle to completely ductile, enlarge the strain value till failure load, and the mix withstands the nonlinearity stage before total collapse. This paper overviews the literature important results of rubber replacement by aggregates, discussed the behaviour of rubber in the concrete mix, and limitations an approximate indication about the drop in concrete properties after adding rubber. It has been concluded that using rubber weakens the overall compressive strength in a range of (10-50) % for 10% sand replacement. While replacement by 15% almost causes to decrease compressive strength in the range (15-36) % for sand and (30-50) % for gravel. The expected drop in tensile strength for sand replacement by 15% ranged approximately from 20-40%. Replacing sand by 5% leads to increase tensile strength in a range that varies from 5-15%. Gravel replacement by15% caused to minimize strength in a magnitude varies from 20-50%. 15% replacement of sand leads to minimizing the flexural strength in a value range from 14-25%. The average ultimate strain of rubcrete equals two to three times that of conventional concrete.

Numerical simulation of the effect of aircraft engines impact on the nuclear power plant containment

A new version of the governing equations for concrete is proposed. A numerical algorithm for solving the governing equations proposed has been developed. The developed algorithm is implemented as part of numerical 3D-code for the finite-size particle in cell method. Using the code the simulation of an airliner engine impact on the concrete containment was performed. It was obtained that engines with the speed of 100 m/s significantly damage the containment structure, but without full penetration (the engines stop right inside the protective shield). Nonetheless the total collapse of the central part of spherical dome onto the inner metal shell of the containment is probable when the engine impacts in downward direction.

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P0. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.

A novel technique for interface analysis: Behaviour of sophorolipids biosurfactant obtained from Meyerozyma spp. MF138126 during low-salinity heavy-crude experiments

A novel technique for interface behaviour and thermodynamic properties analyses of sophorolipids (SLs) biosurfactant obtained from Meyerozyma spp. MF138126 under high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT), for low-salinity heavy-crude experiments is presented. An experimental rig for production of biosurfactant and determination of interfacial tension (IFT) under HPHT is developed specially for the purpose of this investigation. A reduction of a factor of seven and nine in IFT was obtained for experiments between brine and heavy-crude at temperatures of 45°C and 65 °C respectively. Furthermore, with increasing temperature, the degree of SLs adsorption at the interface increases leading to a total collapse in the profiles of the adsorption graphs. The minimum area per molecule of SLs monomers for different conditions suggested that the interface weakens occupying more surface area as the temperature increases. The degree of counter-ion binding for SLs is obtained to be 0.86. The computed Gibbs free energy of micellisation is −1940 KJ/mol; which is exergonic depicting favourable reaction and spontaneous in forward direction. At a fixed temperature of 25 °C and pressure of 45 bar, IFT value of 0.251 mN/m was obtained. It is concluded that the produced SLs retained its molecular integrity and IFT reduction effectiveness under both unconfined and confined HPHT systems.