Total Cholesterol In Subjects Research Articles

A systematic review and meta-analysis of cherry (Prunus spp.) consumption on glycemic markers and lipid profile

Cherry fruit (Prunus spp.) has gained growing attention in cardiometabolic health mainly due to its bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins and phenolic acids. However, the effectiveness of cherries on makers of cardiovascular health has been controversial yet. The present report aimed to summarize the effect of cherry consumption on glycemic markers and lipid profile in adults. Four databases were searched up to June 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of tart or sweet cherries on glycemic markers (fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR) and serum lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) were included in the meta-analysis. Seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that cherry had no significant effects on glycemic markers or lipid profile. Although, in subgroup analysis, cherry significantly decreased serum total cholesterol in subjects with a mean body mass index (BMI) ranging between 25 and 29.9 kg/m 2 (WMD: -14.40 mg/dl, 95% CI: - 27.33, - 1.48), and serum triglycerides in those with mean BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 (WMD: - 17.65 mg/dl, 95% CI: - 24.70, - 10.59). Overall, this meta-analysis showed no significant effects of cherry consumption on glycemic markers and lipid profile. • Overall, cherry had no significant effect on glycemic markers or blood lipids. • Cherry significantly decreased total cholesterol in overweight individuals. • Cherry decreased serum triglycerides significantly in obese individuals.

Iodine Supplementation Decreases Hypercholesterolemia in Iodine-Deficient, Overweight Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial ,

Background: In iodine deficiency, thyrotropin (TSH) may increase to stimulate thyroidal iodine uptake. In iodine-sufficient populations, higher TSH predicts higher total cholesterol. Whether higher TSH caused by iodine deficiency affects serum lipids is uncertain.Objective: Our aim was to determine if iodine repletion decreases serum TSH and improves the lipid profile.Methods: In this randomized controlled intervention, iodine-deficient, overweight or obese Moroccan women (n = 163) received 200 μg oral iodine or a placebo daily for 6 mo. Main outcomes were serum TSH and plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Secondary outcomes included thyroid hormones and measures of lipid and glucose metabolism and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Data were compared by using mixed-model analysis.Results: In the intervention group, median UIC increased from 38 (95% CI: 34, 45) μg/L to 77 (95% CI: 59, 89) μg/L (P < 0.001). After 6 mo of intervention, TSH was 33% lower in the treatment group than in the placebo group (P = 0.024). The triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine (T4) ratio and thyroglobulin decreased with treatment [−15% (P = 0.002) and −32% (P < 0.001), respectively], whereas T4 concentrations were higher in the treatment group (P < 0.001). Total cholesterol in subjects with elevated baseline cholesterol (>5 mmol/L) was reduced by 11% after the intervention (P = 0.034). At 6 mo, only 21.5% of treated women remained hypercholesterolemic (total cholesterol >5 mmol/L) vs. 34.8% of controls (baseline: 44.2% in the intervention and 36.8% in the control group; P = 0.015). The reduction in the prevalence of elevated LDL cholesterol (>3 mmol/L) in the intervention group (50.6% to 35.4% compared with 47.4% to 44.9% in the control group) was not significant (P-interaction = 0.23).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that moderate to severe iodine deficiency in overweight women elevates serum TSH and produces a more atherogenic lipid profile and that iodine supplementation in this group reduces the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Thus, iodine prophylaxis may reduce cardiovascular disease risk in overweight adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01985204.

Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Health claims regarding the cholesterol-lowering effect of soluble fiber from oat products, approved by food standards agencies worldwide, are based on a diet containing ≥3 g/d of oat β-glucan (OBG). Given the number of recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it is important to update the findings of previous meta-analyses.Objective: The objective was to quantify the effect of ≥3 g OBG/d on serum cholesterol concentrations in humans and investigate potential effect modifiers.Design: A meta-analysis was performed on 28 RCTs comparing ≥3 g OBG/d with an appropriate control. Systematic searches were undertaken in PubMed, AGRICOLA, and Scopus between 1 January 1966 and 6 June 2013, plus in-house study reports at CreaNutrition AG. Studies were assessed with regard to inclusion/exclusion criteria, and data were extracted from included studies by reviewers working independently in pairs, reconciling differences by consensus. Estimates of the mean reduction in serum cholesterol from baseline between the OBG and control diets were analyzed by using random-effects meta-analysis models and meta-regression.Results: OBG in doses of ≥3 g/d reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol relative to control by 0.25 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.20, 0.30; P < 0.0001) and 0.30 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.24, 0.35; P < 0.0001), respectively, with some indication of heterogeneity (P = 0.13 and P = 0.067). There was no significant effect of OBG on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or triglycerides and no evidence that dose (range across trials: 3.0–12.4 g/d) or duration of treatment (range: 2–12 wk) influenced the results. LDL cholesterol lowering was significantly greater with higher baseline LDL cholesterol. There was a significantly greater effect for both LDL and total cholesterol in subjects with diabetes compared with those without (although based on few studies).Conclusions: Adding ≥3 g OBG/d to the diet reduces LDL and total cholesterol by 0.25 mmol/L and 0.30 mmol/L, respectively, without changing HDL cholesterol or triglycerides.

Serum lipids in schizophrenia and other functional psychoses: a general population northern Finland 1966 birth cohort survey.

To compare fasting serum lipid concentrations of subjects with schizophrenia with a comparison group. The study sample consists of 5654 members of the northern Finland 1966 birth cohort who participated in the field study with blood samples after overnight fasting and clinical examination in 1997-98. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and glucose were analyzed. Analysis of variance were used for comparing differences in lipids means between diagnostic categories. Mean fasting TC in subjects with schizophrenia was 20 mg/dl higher than in the comparison group. TC and TG levels in the group of other psychoses resembled the schizophrenia group. Blood lipid levels in subjects with schizophrenia and other functional psychoses were high. As these persons are at special risk for hyperlipidemia their lipid levels should be regularly monitored, and cholesterol lowering diet, as well as medication, should be considered.

Effects of diuretic and propranolol on plasma lipoprotein lipids

Ticrynafen (TCNF), a nonthiazide diuretic, has been reported to be nonhyperlipidemic. To define the effects of these drugs on plasma lipoproteins, experiments were performed in hypertensive subjects after placebo therapy, 4 wk after therapy with either hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or TCNF, 3 mo after diuretic with propranolol, and 1 mo after therapy with propranolol alone. Plasma lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation and the lipid fractions isolated by extraction and silicic acid thin-layer chromatography. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) total cholesterol fell and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) total cholesterol rose in subjects receiving TCNF. TCNF had no effect on plasma low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride or phospholipid. There was no significant changes in LDL or HDL total cholesterol in subjects on HCTZ. HCTZ tended to increase plasma VLDL triglyceride and phospholipid. The addition of propranolol to either diuretic had no effect on LDL or HDL total cholesterol but increased VLDL triglyceride, especially in subjects on HCTZ. Propranolol alone had no effect on any of the lipids measured.