Percentage Of Total Carbohydrates Research Articles

Evaluation of Proximate Composition and Seasonal Variations of the Muscle Tissue of Mouth-Brooding Tilapia Oreochromis mossambica from Meghadrigedda Reservoir, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

This study aimed to investigate the proximate composition and seasonal variations in the muscle of mouth-brooding tilapia O. mossambica from Meghadrigedda reservoir, Visakhapatnam. The bio-chemical analysis such as total protein, total fat, total carbohydrates, ash and moisture content in the muscle of fish was taken for seasonal variations in relation to reproductive characters during 2021-22.The total protein percent of the fish O. mossambica ranged from 24.5 to 36.8 in females and males was 24.5 and 37.5. The total fat percentage ranged from 5.4 to 8.6 in females and males was 6.4 to 8.7. Total Carbohydrates percentage was 4.1to 5.5 in females and males was4.8 and 5.9. Moisture percentage was 80.2 to 84.5 in females and males was 75.5 to 85.5. Ash percentage was 4.1 to 4.9 in females and males was 4.1 to 4.8. The results of the present clearly indicate that there was differences in the proximate composition of the male and female species.

The role of adding potassium humate and foliar spraying with marine algae on the mineral content and nutritional value of Moringa

An experiment was carried out in the plastic house at the Agricultural Research Station in Bani Maqam, affiliated to Jam Jamal Agriculture Directorate in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, in a randomized complete block design, with three replications, on June 10, 2021. Furthermore, 4, 8, 12 and 16 kg hectares when planting and before the first irrigation and after each mowing process, and the second factor was spraying with seaweed extract Alga000 at three levels 0, 1, and 2 ml (2 and 4 ml per liter of total spray) and at two intervals after 20 and 30 days of planting After 10 and 25 days of mowing, at a height of 20 cm from the surface of the ground, the mineral content of leaves and dry stems samples of the first mowing plants was estimated. It included the content of calcium, iron and manganese (mg/100g dry matter) and the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Indicators of the nutritional value of the leaves and stems of the first mow, which included the estimation of the percentage of total carbohydrates, ash, protein and fiber. The results showed that adding 16 kg hectares of potassium humate and spraying at a concentration of 2 ml per liter twice with algae extract Bahriya recorded the highest content of iron (42.3 and 19.82), calcium (2103.7 and 1009.29) and manganese (40 and 10.15) mg/100 g of dry matter for leaves and stems. The highest percentage of phosphorous was 0.333% in dry leaves, and the highest percentage of nitrogen (3.89%) and 1.58%), potassium (1.601% and 1.24%), protein (24.314% and 9.885%), total carbohydrates (35.23% and 11.86%), and the lowest fiber content (4.57% and 25.45%) in the dry matter. For leaves and stems . Keywords: moringa, potassium humate, marine algae, mineral content, nutritional value

Effect of Foliar Spraying with Putrescine and Indole Acetic Acid on Growth and Flowering of Two Strains of Snapdragon Plant cv. ‘Opus III/IV’

During the autumn of 2022 and 2021, the experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse at the Baqubah center nursery, which is part of the Diyala Agriculture Directorate to check out what happens when you sprinkle foliar fertilizer with putrescine at concentrations 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1, symbolized by P0, P50, P100 and P150 mg L-1, respectively, and Indole acetic acid at concentrations 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1, symbolized by IAA0, IAA50, IAA100 and IAA150 mg L-1, respectively, on growth and flowering of two strains (white and red) of snapdragon plant (Antirrhinum majus L.) cv. ‘Opus III/IV’After being sprayed with putrescine through the leaves, Major enhancements were seen in nearly all aspects of the plant’s growth, both vegetative and floral. Plant height (111.49 cm), number of leaves (433.37 leaves plant-1), and flower stalk length (86.33 cm) were all significantly improved by foliar spraying treatment at a concentration of 150 mg L-1, while leaf area (4723.0 cm2) was significantly improved by spraying at a concentration of 100 mg L-1, and best results were achieved by spraying at a concentration of 50 mg L-1 (102.42 days). Foliar spraying with Indole acetic acid led to a significant increase in vegetative and flowering growth traits. Foliar spraying treatment at a concentration of 150 mg L-1 resulted in a significant increase in the traits represented by percentage of total carbohydrates (18.37%), nitrogen (2.93%), phosphorous (0.58%) and potassium (3.00%) in the leaves, number of inflorescences (10.75 inflorescence plant-1), while spraying treatment with concentration of 50 mg L-1 excelled and gave the best results for the vase life (9.55 days). It is clear from the results that the two strains varied in the traits of vegetative and flowering growth, where they varied in the strength showing of the traits, as the white strain excelled in most of the vegetative and flowering traits and showed a significant increase in number of leaves (421.90 leaf plant-1), leaf area (4516.56 cm2), flower stalk length (84.10 cm), and the vase life (10.11 days), while the red strain showed a significant effect in percentage of total carbohydrates (13.09%), nitrogen (2.21%), phosphorous (0.42%), potassium (2.32%) in the leaves, and number of inflorescences (9.33 inflorescence plant-1). All vegetative and floral growth parameters were significantly affected by the interaction between putrescine and Indole acetic acid in foliar spraying for two snapdragon plant strains. The best results were found in the red strain’s interaction treatment with spraying of Indole acetic acid at a concentration of 150 mg L-1 for total carbohydrate content (20.70%), nitrogen (3.18%), phosphorus (0.70%), and potassium (3.25%) in the leaves, as well as the number of inflorescences per plant (10.75 inflorescences plant-1). The white strain’s interaction treatment with spraying of putrescine at a concentration of 50 mg L-1 (102.42 days).

Role of algae in alleviated salinity effect on Jatropha curcas plants

This study was carried out at green house on National Research Centre during two successive seasons of 2020-2021 in Giza governate. The aim objective of this work was to investigate the effect of spraying different levels of algae (0, 10 and 15%) on vegetative growth and chemical constituents of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings grown under various salinity concentrations (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm). Our results showed that, spraying algae at 15% increased both of (plant height, leaves number/plant, stem diameter, root length, branches number/plant, main flowers number/plant, sub-main flowers number/plant, fresh and dry weight of stem, leaves and roots, chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids, protein contents and total carbohydrates percentage), while a significant reduction in all the same parameters, were occurred by using high salinity level (6000 ppm). The combined proline and phenols contents decreased by using 10 or 15% algae, compares of treated as the control. The results suggested that Jatropha curcas L. seedlings benefited the application of algae especially under salinity concentrations grown in sandy soil.

Effect of low gamma irradiation doses on growth, productivity and chemical constituents of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers

BackgroundThis field experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2019 and 2020 at the experimental farm of the National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, to evaluate the effect of low gamma irradiation doses (0, 2.5, 5 and10 Gray) on growth, yield and chemical constituents of Jerusalem artichoke tubers as one of the non-traditional vegetable crops which had a high nutritional and medicinal value.ResultsThe obtained results show that gamma irradiation at dose rate 5 Gy gave the best results of plant height, number of branches, shoot fresh and dry weight compared with treatments exposed to gamma irradiation at dose rate 2.5 and 10 Gy and also higher photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, b, a + b and carotenoids than un-irradiated tubers. Same stimulative dose (5 Gy) yielded the highest total yield per feddan, plant yield, tuber fresh weight and dry matter percentage of tubers. Regarding chemical constituents of tubers, it was observed that gamma irradiation at dose 5 Gy scored higher percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total carbohydrates and inulin than other doses. From another point, the highest concentration of total soluble phenols and flavonoids was correlated with 5 and 10 Gy of gamma irradiation.ConclusionsThe moderate dose of gamma irradiation 5 Gy has a stimulative effect on growth of Jerusalem artichoke which reflects on tubers yield and their chemical constituents.

Animal-Based Dietary Protein Intake Is Not A Risk Factor For Metabolic Syndrome Among Young Or Middle-Aged Females.

Background:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases risk for morbidity and premature mortality. Blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (BG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) are factors for determining MetS. The Simple Method for Quantifying Metabolic Syndrome (siMS) score and risk score estimate risk of MetS. The purpose for this study was to exam the relationship of animal-based (ABP) and plant-based protein (PLP) with MetS as estimated by siMS score and risk score. Physical activty is another important consideration in MetS as it can reduce blood pressure, waist circumference and blood glucose, and affect blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.Methods:A cross-sectional study examined whether physical activity (PA) level and dietary protein source (i.e., animal- or plant-based) among young (18-24 years) and middle-aged (45-60 years) females were associated with siMS score and siMS risk score. Average time spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; min/wk), steps (steps/day), energy intake (kcal/day), percent dietary protein to total energy intake, ABP and PLP dietary intake, and ABP:PLP ratio (g/day) were included in the analysis. Volunteers were recruited from North Dakota and Minnesota from 2017 to 2019.Results:Eighty-one female participants (mean ± SD; young, n = 38, 20.4 ± 1.7 years, middle-aged, 52.5 ± 4.8 years) were included in the independent t-tests used to examine group differences in age, body mass index, HDL, BG, TG, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, energy intake, energy intake percentage of total carbohydrates, fat, protein, ABP, and PLP, ABP:PLP, siMS score, and siMS risk score. Stepwise linear regressions were used to evaluate whether PA level and dietary protein source were predictors of siMS score and siMS risk score among young and middle-aged adult females. There was an inverse relationship between PLP intake and siMS score. The model explained 6.9% of the variance in siMS risk score (F1, 80 = 5.93). Plant-based protein intake was inversely related to siMS risk score while light PA was positively associated with siMS risk score. The model explained 16% of the variance in siMS risk score (F1, 80 = 7.53). Animal-based dietary protein intake did not impact siMS score (p = 0.180) and siMS risk score (p = 0.283).Conclusions:Plant-based protein intake was associated with a lower risk of MetS via siMS scores, while ABP was not associated. Given the nature of the cross-sectional design of this study, no causal relationship can be determined, but longitudinal studies or randomized control trials to confirm the results from this study are needed in the future.

Response of Some Maize Hybrids to Foliar Spraying Treatments 2- Yield and Components

To study the response of yield and its components and grains quality of some maize genotypes to foliar spraying, two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture,, Egypt, during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Each experiment was carried out in a strip-plot design with four replications. The vertical-plots were assigned with maize genotypes i.e. Three Way Cross 324, Single Cross 128, and Single Cross 131. The horizontal-plots were occupied with foliar spraying treatments i.e. without, foliar spraying with; commercial fertilizer Fert-plus powder, amino acids, yeast extract, and the mixture Fert-plus powder + amino acids + yeast extract. The results showed that genotype 131 surpassed other studied genotype and recorded 100-grain weight, grain yield/ha, and total carbohydrates percentage in grains in both seasons. genotype 128 registered the tallest plants and the highest values of stover yield/ha and crude protein and oil percentages in grains in both seasons. Foliar spraying maize plants three times with the mixture treatment produced the highest values of growth, yields and its attributes and grains quality characters followed by, yeast extract then commercial fertilizer Fert-plus powder as a source of NPK and amino acids in both seasons. It can be concluded that foliar fertilizing maize genotype 131 or 128 with the mixture Fert-plus powder at the rate of 4 g/liter + amino acids at the rate of 2.5 ml/liter + yeast extract at the rate of 100 ml/liter water in each spraying in order to maximize productivity and grains quality under the environmental conditions of the research area.

USING SALICYLIC ACID AND HUMIC ACID AS FOLIAR APPLICATION IN AMENDING THE HARMFUL INFLUENCE OF SOIL SALINITY STRESS IN COMMON SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.)

In order to amend the harmful effect of soil salinity stress in common sage plants by foliar spray with salicylic acid (SA) and humic acid (HA), two pot experiments were conducted at the Nursery of ornamental plants, Agric. Fac., Zagazig Univ., Sharkia Governorate, Egypt in lath house during the two winter consecutive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The aiming of this work was to investigate the effect of foliar application treatments i.e., sprayed with distilled water (control), 200 ppm salicylic acid (SA), 750 ppm humic acid (HA), 1500 ppm HA, 200 ppm SA+750 ppm HA and 200 ppm SA+1500 ppm HA under various soil salinity levels (0.0, 1000 and 2000 ppm) as well as their combinations on yield components, salt resistance index and volatile oil production as well as some chemical constituents of Salvia officinalis plants. These experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plots were occupied by different soil salinity levels and the sub plots were entitled to different salicylic acid and humic acid acids concentrations. The obtained results referred to that herb fresh and dry weights per plant as yield components, volatile oil percentage and volatile oil yield per plant as volatile oil production as well as salt resistance index (%) were recorded. Also, total carbohydrates percentage and total chlorophyll (SPAD unit) in sage leaves was determined. Results showed that using soil salinity levels (1000 and 2000 ppm) significantly decreased yield components, volatile oil yield per plant, total carbohydrates percentage and total chlorophyll content compared to control. In contrast, increasing soil salinity levels gradually increased volatile oil percentage and proline content. In addition, the maximum values of the most of all above mentioned traits were achieved by treating sage plants with 200 ppm SA+1500 ppm HA. Generally, it could conclude that 200 ppm SA+750 or 1500 ppm HA, showed a uniform influence in qualifying of common sage y

Response Of Lettuce To Humic Acid And Salt Stress Condition Under Soilless Culture System

The study was carried out at theprivate Farm of Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt, during the seasons of (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) to study the effect of humic acid on lettuce yield under salt stress condition using soilless culture system. The experiments were carried out in a Factorial experiment consisted of sixteen treatments arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates for each treatment. The humic acid rates (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/l) were arranged in the main plots, whereas, the four salt stress rates (control, 400, 800 and 1200mg/l) were arranged in the sub plots. The results indicated that, the yield and its components gradually increased with the increasing of humic acid rate at 400 mg/l such as, (head diameter, head fresh weight, head dry weight and yield/fed). Humic additions led to increase NPK content of lettuce leaves, total carbohydrates percentage and vitamin C content as compared with control treatment which recorded significantly decreased in all studied characteristics in both seasons. On another hand, salinity treatments significantly decreased all yield and its components whereas, sodium chloride at 1200 mg/l recorded the negative effect on head diameter, head fresh weight, head dry weight and yield/fed, also, it caused a significant decrease in chemical composition such as (N,P,K,Ca, Mg and Na), total carbohydrates percentage and vitamin C content of lettuce plants as compared with control treatment which recorded significantly increased in head diameter, head fresh weight, head dry weight and yield/fed, chemical composition i.e. (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na), total carbohydrates percentage and vitamin C content during both seasons. Response Of LettuceTo Humic Acid And Salt Stress Condition Under Soilless Culture System

INFLUENCE OF CHITOSAN AND MICRONUTRIENTS (FE + ZN) CONCENTRATIONS ON GROWTH, YIELD COMPONENTS AND VOLATILE OIL OF LAVENDER PLANT

To study the influence of the two factors of chitosan concentration (0.0, 100, 200 and 400 ppm), micronutrients as FeSO4 + ZnSO4 (0.0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) and their combination treatments on plant growth, yield components, volatile oil production, total carbohydrates % and total chlorophyll content (SPAD unit), two filed experiments were conducted on lavender (Lavandula officinalis, Chaix.) during the two summer consecutive seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Agric. Res. Farm, Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt. The Experimental layout was split-plot design between the four chitosan concentrations as main plots and the four micronutrients concentration as sub-plots in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replicates. The obtained results referred to that using chitosan concentration of 400 ppm significantly increased growth parameters (plant height, number of branches/plant, fresh and dry weights of roots/plant as well as root number and length), yield components (total dry herb yield/plant and /feddan), volatile oil production (volatile oil percentage and volatile oil yield per plant) and chemical constituents (total chlorophyll content and total carbohydrates percentage) compared to control and the other levels under study. Furthermore, the highest values in these characters were noticed by micronutrients at 200 ppm treatment in both seasons, in most cases. In general, it is preferable to spray lavender plants with chitosan at 400 ppm combined with Fe + Zn at 200 ppm five times a season to increase the plant growth, yield components and plant pigments as well as volatile oil production of this important aromatic plant

Effect of biofertilizer and organic fertilization on growth, nutrient contents and fresh yield of dill (Anethum graveolens)

BackgroundTwo cultivars (Balady and Dukat) of dill plants were grown in the Experimental Farm Station of Agriculture Faculty, Cairo University, during two seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. This investigation aims to determine the response of two dill cultivars to seven fertilizer treatments, i.e., control, 100% mineral fertilizer, 100% biofertilizer, 100% organic fertilizer, 50% organic fertilizer, 100% organic fertilizer with biofertilizer, and 50% organic fertilizer with biofertilizer. Data on plant height, leaf number, and some chemical composition such as antioxidant and nitrate accumulation were recorded in the vegetative growth stage.ResultsThe results demonstrated that dill cv. Dukat gave the highest plants (cm), maximum leaf number per plant, pigment content (mg/g), total carbohydrates (%), nitrogen, and phosphorus percentages in the vegetative growth stage. Meanwhile, dill cv. Balady recorded the maximum potassium percentage and low content of nitrate accumulation (mg/kg) in the vegetative growth stage. Both dill cultivars contained antioxidants without significant differences between them. The best fertilization treatments were 100% organic fertilization with biofertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer for plant height (cm), leaf number per plant, pigment content, antioxidant percentage, total carbohydrate percentage, and N and P percentages of two dill genotypes. On the other hand, 50% organic fertilization with biofertilizers was recorded as the best treatment for nitrate accumulation and K percentage with two dill cultivars.ConclusionThese results prove that chemical fertilizers could be completely replaced by organic sources supplemented by NPK Symbion without any negative effect on dill vegetative growth and or nutrient contents.

DEVELOPING AIR LAYERING PRACTICES FOR PROPAGATION OF DRACAENA MARGINATA LAM. UTILIZING PHLOROGLUCINOL AND SEAWEED EXTRACT AS IBA-SYNERGISTS OR ALTERNATIVES

In an experiment laid out in completely randomized block design, eight experimental treatments representing all-possible combinations between indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt at 300 ppm (IBA), phloroglucinol at 300 ppm (PG) and seaweed extract (SWE) at 2 ml/l were evaluated for their effects on rooting of Dracaena marginata Lam. air layers. The research was conducted under shade house conditions of the Nursery of Ornamental Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 successive growing seasons. All treated air layers with IBA, PG and SWE each alone or in combinations recorded significant increases in rooting percentage comparing to untreated control air layers. The highest rooting percentages were found in air layers received 10 ml/air layer from PG alone or the IBA + SWE or IBA + PG + SWE without significant differences between them. Air-layers exposed to IBA alone or in combination with PG and/or SWE attained the most favorable root traits in terms of high number of roots with appropriate length and a balanced mass and volume. High carbohydrate concentrations positively correlated with rooting percentage and roots weight and volume. Studying correlations between rooting characteristics and the internal contents of root zone tissues of total carbohydrates and total phenolics exhibited that rooting percentage correlated positively with total carbohydrates percentage and negatively with total phenolics in root zone tissues. While, the relationships between the other root traits of succeeded layers and total carbohydrates and total phenolics contents in rooting zones did not attain any significant relations.

BIO- AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF RUST DISEASE AND ITS EFFECT ON SPEARMINT YIELD UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS

A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Agricultural Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the impact of beneficial microorganisms Trichoderma harzianum (fungi), Streptomyces griseus (bacteria) and two common chemical fungicides (copper sulphate and difenoconazole) to controlling spearmint rust disease. The vegetative growth, chemical constituents, essential oil production and its components in spearmint (Mentha viridis L.) plants were evaluated. The obtained results concluded that the use of copper sulfate as a chemical fungicide and the two bioagents [Streptomyces griseus and Trichoderma harzianum] reduced the incidence and percentage of rust disease severity in compared to untreated plants (control). Similarly, the level of vegetative growth, essential oil percentage and yield and the percentage of minerals and total carbohydrates in herb as well as carvone content in essential oil were noticeably more in compared to the chemical fungicide (difenoconazole) and untreated plants (control). Thus, reduce theusing of chemical fungicides means reducing environmental risks.

Effect of some chemicals and essential oil extracts on keeping quality and vase life of cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

This experiment was carried out during two successive seasons of (2017 and 2018) on Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus, L.) cv. Big Mama cut flowers at laboratory of the Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, to study the effect of some chemicals and essential oil extracts on keeping quality and vase life of carnation cut flowers. Completely randomized block designed experiment with three replicates treatments for each as follow: control (distillated water), Nano-silver thiosulphate (NST) at (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/l), Eucalyptus oil at (25, 50 and 75 mg/l), Mint oil at (25, 50 and 75 mg/l) and 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate (8-HQS) at (250, 300, 350 and 400 mg/l). Results showed that Nano-silver thiosulphate (NST) at 10 mg/l gave the highest mean values of the physical characters as dry weights (g), floret diameter, vase life, and decrease the number of bacteria, also, Nano-silver thiosulphate (NST) at 10 mg/l gave the best results of chemical compositions as total sugars (%), reducing sugars (%), non-reducing sugars (%),total soluble solids percentage and total carbohydrate percentage as compared with control treatment, which gave the lowest mean values of the all physical and chemical composition during both seasons.

RESPONSE OF Cyperus alternifolius L. PLANT TO SOME ANTI-TRANSPIRANTS AND IRRIGATION WATER LEVELS

This investigation was carried out in the open field at the experimental nursery of Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardening Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., ARC., Giza, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to study the effect of different anti-transpirants (active dry yeast extract at 1, 2 and 3%, calcium carbonate at 100, 200, 300 ppm and kaolin at 1, 2 and 3%) on umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius L.) cultivated as a pot plant in 25 cm pots under different irrigation levels expressed as percentage of water holding capacity (WHC) at 100, 75, 50 and 25%. The aim of this work was to reduce irrigation water quantity to a considerable level without obvious reduction in the plant quality and its aesthetic value. Reducing irrigation levels resulted in the lowering plant quality with increasing proline content (mg/g d.w.) in the plants. The effect of irrigating at 75% WHC was close to irrigating at 100% WHC without great quality reduction in most cases. Spraying with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at 200 ppm or active dry yeast extract (ADY) at 3% resulted in the highest values for the most studied traits. Combined treatment between irrigating at 75% of WHC and spraying with CaCO3 at 200 ppm produced the highest values of plant height (cm), chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids contents (mg/g f.w.) and total carbohydrates percentage. Such treatment came in the second order after the superior combination comprised irrigating at 100% WHC without significant difference between them concerning stem number/plant, stem diameter (cm), offset number/plant, fresh and dry weights of vegetative growth and underground parts weight (g) and root length (cm). Our results indicate that irrigation water quantity could be reduced by 25% without reduction in quality and atheistic value in umbrella plants planted in 25 cm pots via irrigation at 75% WHC two times/week and spraying them with CaCO3 at 200 ppm monthly. Key

FERTILIZER, MAGNETIC WATER AND HUMIC ACID ON THE GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS PIGMENTS AND OIL YIELD COMPONENTS OF Nigella sativa PLANT

Pots experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Horticulture Department College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences/ University of Duhok to investigate the influence of three levels of P2O5 fertilizer (0, 260 and 520 mg ) per pot , humic acid at (0, 0.6 and 0.8 mg.L-1) and magnetic water with three group, group (1) irrigated with tap water, group (2) irrigated with magnetized water remain in the container for 12 hours and group (3) irrigated with magnetized water remain in the container for 24 hours on the growth and oil yield of Black cumin Nigella sativa L. The experimental treatments consisted of five replications in Random Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results revealed that P2O5 fertilizer at 520 mg.pot-1 significantly increased all the studied characteristics. Humic acid at 0.6 and 0.8 mg.L-1 had no significant effect on most of the studied characteristics except total chlorophyll and volatile oil. The group of plants that irrigated with magnetic water for 24 h caused significant increasing in all studied characteristics. Double and triple interactions among studies factors showed significant influence on all the studied characteristics as compared to untreated plants including (plant height, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, number of capsule/plant, dry weight, total chlorophyll, fixed oil percentage, volatile oil percentage and total carbohydrates percentage).

EFFECT OF MINIRAL, ORGANIC AND BIO-FERTILIZERS COMBINATIONS ON GROWTH, YIELD COMPONENTS AND VOLATILE OIL OF Matricaria chamomilla PLANT

Two field experiments were carried out at a Private Farm named Royale herbs in El-bawiti Village, El Wahat El-Bharia District, Giza Governorate, Egypt during the two consecutive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to study the effect of different fertilizer types (mineral, organic and bio fertilizers) treatments on vegetative growth, yield components and volatile oil as well as total carbohydrates percentage of chamomile plant. The performance of organic fertilization (compost and humic acid) and biofertilization (nitobein or/and phosphorein) were compared with standard, commercial rates of N, P, K and Mg fertilizers with respect to the growth, yield and essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla. In the two successive seasons, plants treated with chemical fertilization showed a significant increase in vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weights per plant) compared to the other types of fertilizers under study. The highest rate of chemical fertilizers (N, P2O5, K2O and MgO at 125, 100, 62.5 and 30 kg/faddan, respectively) recorded the highest value in each yield component (flower heads number per plant as well as flower heads air-dry weight per plant and per faddan) compared to the other ones under study, in most cases. In the same time, organic fertilization (30 m3 compost + 1 kg humic acid/ faddan) recorded an increase in these yield components compared to the other organic fertilizer rates in both seasons. Also, fertilization at (1 kg of nitrobein + 30 m3 compost/faddan) recorded a significant increase in volatile oil percentage of chamomile plant compared to either of sole chemical or biological fertilizer rates under study.

The inhibition effect of recycled Scenedesmus acuminatus culture media: Influence of growth phase, inhibitor identification and removal

Existing research shows that the presence of algogenic organic matter (AOM) in recycled media can inhibit the growth of algae. However, the characteristics and occurrence of the inhibitors are not well understood. In this study, changes in the algogenic organic matter present in culture media and the influence of these changes on the recultivation of Scenedesmus acuminatus were investigated. A hydrophobic humic substance was then extracted from the recycled medium, and its inhibitory effects on the growth of Scenedesmus acuminatus were assessed. The efficiency of the removal of the humic substance from the recycled media using granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment was evaluated. The results showed that the later the growth phase at which the recycled media was harvested, the stronger the growth inhibition was. In addition, it was found that the percentage of total carbohydrates, fatty acids, and proteins in the algogenic organic matter decreased with the prolongation of growth phase, while the percentage of the hydrophobic humic substance in algogenic organic matter increased as the algae gradually went into the declining phase. Furthermore, an inhibitory effect of the hydrophobic humic substances on the growth of Scenedesmus acuminatus was identified. The effectiveness of inhibitor removal using granular activated carbon column adsorption was confirmed. The results of this study can be applied to the sustainable utilization of water and nutrients in the mass production of microalgal biomass.

Growth and Productivity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) Plants as Affected by Phosphorus Rate and Nano-Micronutrients Concentration

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different phosphorus fertilization rates at [0.0, 30 and 45 kg/feddan as P2O5, nano micronutrients concentrations (0.0, 250, 500 and 100 mg/l) as well as their combinations on growth and production of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, L.). A field experiment was carried out at Experimental Farm (Ghazala Farm), Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt, during the two winter consecutive seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Phosphorus fertilization as main plots and nano-micronutrients called Magro NanoMix which contained (Fe 6%, Zn 6%, B 2%, Mn 5%, Cu 1% and Mo 0.1%) as subplots were considered. The obtained results showed the importance of the nano-micronutrients on improving fennel growth, fruits and volatile oil yield compared to control. Fennel plants treated with phosphorus fertilizer or/and nano micronutrients instigated critical increments in vegetative growth (plant height and branch number/plant as well as dry weight of herb/plant), yield (number of inflorescence /plant, fruit yield/plant and /feddan), volatile oil production (volatile oil percentage and yield/plant and /feddan) and some chemical constituents (total phosphorus, total carbohydrates percentage and total chlorophyll content), as contrasted and un-treated plants. In general, 45 kg P2O5/feddan + 500 or 1000 mg/l of nano-micronutrients as foliar spray had significant effects in above mentioned parameters of fennel plant compared to the other combinations under Sharkia Governorate conditions.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER AND SOME NATURAL ACTIVATORS ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF THUJA ORIENTALIS PLANTS

Two independent pot experiments were conducted under the open field at the nursery of Hort. Res. Inst., ARC., Giza, Egypt during 2016 and 2017 seasons to study the effects of irrigating with saline water prepared from NaCl and CaCl2 pure salts (1:1, by weight) at the rates of 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm and spraying with some natural extracts i.e. Oligo-X (an algae extract containing immunity and internal resistant stimulants, as well as N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and some growth regulators) at the concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/l and green tea extract at the rates of 0, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/l, and their interaction on growth, quality and chemical composition of 6-months-old Thuja orientalis (Platycladus orientalis) transplants cultivated in 25-cm-diameter plastic pots filled with about 3.0 kg of pure sand and loam (1:1, v:v) when applied six times with one month interval during the growing seasons. The results in both seasons showed that all vegetative and root growth measurements were significantly improved by increasing the natural extract rate regardless of saline water concentration, but they were significantly decreased in response to all saline water treatments. A similar trend was also gained with regard to pigments contents (mg/l00 g f.w.), the percentage of total carbohydrates (%) but the percentage of proline content (mg/g d.w.) was reduced with raising natural extract, as was gradually increased with increasing salinity water. According to these results, it could be concluded that 6-months-old transplants of Thuja orientalis could be irrigated with saline water up to 5000 ppm, especially if it was sprayed with algae extract at 1.0 ml/l which greatly improved growth and chemical constituents under salinity stress.