Total Budget Research Articles

Schedule Acceleration Planning in Construction Project (Case Study: Japek II Selatan Tollroad)

This study focuses on the remaining work at stations (STA) 53+950 to 54+550 in Jakarta – CikampekII Selatan Toll Road Package III project to find the critical path, completion durations, and projectcosts before and after acceleration. The CPM Technique was used to compile network planningdiagrams, determine the critical path and project duration. Crashing Project was applied to crashschedule through the total project duration and cost whose changes due to the implementation of thecrashing method. The critical path was found in mobilization, tree felling, clearing, dig and haul,borrow material, subgrade preparation, base course (A grade), subbase course (B grade), drainagelayer, lean concrete (t=10 cm), concrete pavement, concrete barrier type B, and signage. In the CPM,the duration of project completion is 214 days. The total project budget under normal circumstancesis Rp22.073.412.654. After accelerating with the Crashing Project by proposed overtime was obtainedthe reduced total cost of Rp32.004.882 from the total normal cost of Rp22.073.412.654 toRp22.041.407.771 with an optimum duration of 183 days

Management strategy and research productivity in the Peruvian Institute of Nuclear Energy for the period 2000 – 2020

This paper analyzes the production indicators for the period 2000-2020 of the Peruvian Institute of Nuclear Energy, an institution that researches and applies knowledge of ionizing radiation. The research institute published an average of one article per year between 1984 and 2000. During the period 2001 to 2006, some policies were applied. Staff salaries were tripled, allowing the incorporation of researchers with experience in scientific research. The number of publications increased from 01 in 2001 to 15 in 2007 as a result of intense work done in 2006. These policies were ignored in 2007 with a significant change in research productivity in years to come. Finally, an overall analysis determines that: (a) management actions are different from manager director to manager director and the changes substantially affect research productivity, (b) the policy that increases researcher salary may be more detrimental than reducing the total annual budget for research since by increasing the researcher salary is still possible to preserve research indicator trends.

“Turbulence effect on total mechanical energy budget and energy loss of turbulent flows with different hydraulic regimes in open-channel transitions”

ABSTRACT Transitions are needed in hydraulic structures which are flumed. In expanding transitions, flow separates from the boundary if the angle of divergence exceeds about 5 degrees. The present paper gives an insight into the turbulence effect and energy loss in expanding transition with small angle of divergence. In wide angle expansion, flow separates from the boundary resulting in highly non-uniform velocity distribution at the exit of expansion resulting in erosion of down stream channel. Author performed experiments to control separation of flow in wide angle expansion. The paper discusses about the devices used by the author to control separation in wide angle expanding transition.

Cost-effectiveness of intervention combinations towards the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV in limited-resource settings: a mathematical modelling study

Since 2000, there has been a substantial global reduction in the vertical transmission of HIV. Despite effective interventions, gaps still remain in progress towards elimination in many low-income and middle-income countries. We developed a mathematical model to determine the most cost-effective combinations of interventions to prevent vertical transmission. We developed a 12-month Markov model to follow a cohort of women of childbearing age (aged 15-49 years) in Zambia (n=1 107 255) who were either pregnant, in delivery, or breastfeeding; the population included in the model reflects the estimated number of pregnant women in Zambia from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. The model incorporated nine interventions: infant prophylaxis; three different HIV retesting schedule options; oral pre-exposure prophylaxis; maternal peer-support groups; regimen shift; tracing of loss to follow-up; and point-of-care viral load testing. We analysed incident HIV infections among mothers and infants, intervention costs, and evaluated 190 scenarios of different combinations of inventions to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) over 1 year. Three interventions with the greatest reduction in vertical transmission, individually, were support groups for 80% of those in need (35% reduction in infant infections), HIV retesting schedules (6·5% reduction), and infant prophylaxis (4·5% reduction). Of all 190 scenarios evaluated, eight were on the cost-effectiveness frontier (ie, were considered to be cost-effective); all eight included increasing infant prophylaxis, regimen shift, and use of support groups. Excluding the highest-cost scenarios, for a 1-22% increase in total budget, 23-43% of infant infections could be prevented, producing ICERs between US$244 and $16 242. Using the interventions modelled, it is possible to reduce vertical transmission and to cost-effectively prevent up to 1734 infant HIV infections (43% reduction) in Zambia over a period of 1 year. To optimise their effect, these interventions must be scaled with fidelity. Future work is needed to incorporate evidence on additional innovative interventions and HIV risk factors, and to apply the model to other country contexts to support targeted implementation and resource use. The ELMA Foundation.

Budget impact and cost-utility analysis of prophylactic emicizumab versus on-demand bypassing agents for adolescent severe haemophilia A patients with inhibitors in India

IntroductionSevere Haemophilia A patients with inhibitors are currently being treated with bypassing agents like activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) and recombinant factor VIIa. Emicizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, introduced to reduce the bleeding events, improve treatment adherence, and quality of life. However, cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability of the intervention is not studied in a low middle income setting like India. AimThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-utility of Emicizumab compared to traditional bypassing agents in the treatment of severe haemophilia A patients with inhibitors in India. Secondary objective was to analyze the budgetary impact of introducing Emicizumab for this patient population from the perspective of public health system in India. MethodsMarkov model was created to compare the prophylactic emicizumab therapy against bypassing agents for a hypothetical cohort of 10-year-old adolescents in India. The time horizon was 10 years and model built based on health system perspective. Cost utility was expressed as costs per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. All costs were expressed as 2021 US dollars. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to check the robustness of the estimates. ResultsProphylactic emicizumab was a cost saving intervention with negative Incremental Cost Utility Ratio (ICUR) against recombinant factor VIIa of −853,573 USD (INR -63,109,773), and negative ICUR of −211,675 USD (INR -15,650,403) against APCC. The estimated total budget for treating all the severe Haemophilia A patients with inhibitors in India was USD 59,042,000 (INR 4,365,329,312) for 10 years’ time horizon (per patient cost of USD 295,210 [INR 21,826,646.56]). ConclusionProphylactic emicizumab therapy is a cost saving intervention when compared to both the bypassing agents as it is less costly and more effective for severe Haemophilia A patients with inhibitors in India.

Privacy-Preserving Classification on Deep Learning with Exponential Mechanism

How to protect the privacy of training data in deep learning has been the subject of increasing amounts of related research in recent years. Private Aggregation of Teacher Ensembles (PATE) uses transfer learning and differential privacy methods to provide a broadly applicable data privacy framework in deep learning. PATE combines the Laplacian mechanism and the voting method to achieve deep learning privacy classification. However, the Laplacian mechanism may greatly distort the histogram vote counts of each class. This paper proposes a novel exponential mechanism with PATE to ensure the privacy protection. This proposed method improves the protection effect and accuracy through the screening algorithm and uses the differential privacy combination theorems to reduce the total privacy budget. The data-dependent analysis demonstrates that the exponential mechanism outperforms the original Laplace mechanism. Experimental results show that the proposed method can train models with improved accuracy while requiring a smaller privacy budget when compared to the original Pate framework.

Insight into a two‐part plant breeding scheme through Bayesian optimization of budget allocations

AbstractThe total budget of a breeding program must be divided across its different parts to maximize gain. How to optimize budget allocations for a two‐part strategy breeding scheme is an unsolved problem. We used Bayesian optimization coupled with stochastic simulations of breeding schemes to determine budget allocations that maximized gain. The breeding schemes focused on a clonal crop and included a population improvement cycle (PIC) allowing one or two breeding cycles per year leading to phenotypic evaluations in a variety development pipeline (VDP) with three stages. The gain was maximized at target years 6 or 12 after initiation of genomic selection. The breeding scheme was simulated using the AlphaSimR package. Bayesian optimization was implemented using the BoTorch module of Python to optimize budget allocations to the PIC and each stage of the VDP. Allocations to the last stage of the VDP were small because information from that stage was relatively ineffective at improving genomic prediction accuracy. An unexpected interaction between the number of PIC cycles and the target year for gain affected the budget of the PIC and could be explained by conflicting needs to increase gain in the VDP or increase genomic prediction accuracy. Divergent budget allocations could generate selection gains close to the maximum, indicating some leeway in the design of breeding schemes. Simple rules of thumb for heuristic optimization did not emerge, suggesting that breeders will need to rely on simulation coupled to optimization.

Spatial variation of net methane uptake in Arctic and subarctic drylands of Canada and Greenland

The importance of uptake of atmospheric methane (CH4) in dry Arctic soils for the total Arctic CH4 budget is unresolved. This is partly due to lack of data on the spatial variability of net CH4 consumption and understanding of the main process drivers. We measured net CH4 consumption in Arctic and subarctic landscapes located in in Disko Bay Area and Kangerlussuaq in Western Greenland and in the St. Elias Range in the Yukon, Canada, respectively. Our aim was to characterize the in situ spatial variability of net CH4 uptake in hitherto unexplored Arctic dry upland soils to explore possible limits and environmental drivers across the Arctic geodiversity. Furthermore, we sampled soil for incubation experiments to investigate how net CH4 oxidation responded to changes in soil moisture in contrasting geomorphic settings and parent geological parent materials. We used a laser-based fast deployable chamber system for flux measurements. All studied sites were net sinks of atmospheric CH4 with an average flux −7.5 ± 5.6 μmol CH4 m-2h−1, that are in the upper range of reported net CH4 uptake fluxes in similar soils of the Arctic. The large observed spatial variability within all studied sites (coefficient of variation 50 – 120 %) highlights the need for careful research design allowing for many spatial replicates to achieve representative values. Sites with an active geomorphic environment (abrasion plateau, riverbeds, mountain tops) generally had lower than average net CH4 uptake. Our incubation studies revealed that subsurface CH4 oxidation is the main driver of net surface-atmosphere exchange and that net CH4 oxidation in these layers responded more to changes to soil moisture than in near surface layers. Our study shows surprisingly similar flux magnitudes of net CH4 uptake across widely different landscape forms and geologic parent material, but responding similarly to soil hydrology and geomorphic disturbance, indicating global controls on the net CH4 oxidation in these dry upland environments.

Relationship among the scale of university funding, structure of revenue and expenditure, and academic output: evidence from China’s 36 World-Class universities under construction, 2013–2022

ABSTRACT To investigate the relationship between Chinese university funding and academic output, we collected data on the scale and the structure of funding and academic output of 36 World-Class universities under construction in China during 2013–21 and 2014–22. Furthermore, we empirically analyzed the effects of funding scale and structure on academic output using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, random effects, and fixed effects models. This study demonstrates that the scale and structure of funding have a significant effect on academic output. Among them, the scale of total budget revenue has a significant effect on academic output, and its influence on highly-cited researchers (HiCi) is greater than the other indicators. The scale of total budget expenditure also has a significant positive influence on academic output, and its influence on N&S is greater than the other indicators in order. The structure of revenue has a significant influence on academic output, and business revenue has the greatest influence on PUB. The structure of horizontal expenditure has a significant influence on academic output. The vertical expenditure structure has a significant impact on academic output, and educational expenditure has the greatest impact on PUB. Based on the results, we discuss implications for researchers and for policymakers to improve the construction effect of World-Class universities under construction in China.

A comprehensive observation of organic and inorganic nitrogen in gases, particulate matter and precipitation in the northern suburb of Nanjing, East China, with an emphasis on size-resolved particulate nitrogen

China is considered one of the nitrogen deposition hotspots in the world. Measurements to date have focused mainly on inorganic nitrogen, organic nitrogen and the size distribution of particulate nitrogen has yet to be studied. Lack of dry deposition observations imposes a reliance on models, resulting in a much larger uncertainty relative to wet deposition which is routinely measured. In this study, dry and wet organic and inorganic nitrogen deposition were comprehensively measured in Nanjing in 2019, and nitrogen species in size-segregated particles were investigated. Total annual nitrogen deposition flux was up to 29.96 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in Nanjing, with wet deposition contributed slightly more (51.90%) to total deposition than dry deposition (48.10%). Observations revealed that reduced nitrogen (NHx = NH3 + NH4+) contributed 65.49% of the total inorganic nitrogen deposition budget, which implied that the control of reduced N in urban environments is needed to improve local air quality. Dry deposition of ammonia played an especially key role in dry deposition, contributing from 18.17% to 55.91% in different seasons. The deposition flux of water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) dominated by wet deposition, with the wet WSON about 4.6 times higher than that of dry deposition and contributed 41.18% of the wet nitrogen deposition. The wet N deposition in summer was significantly higher than in the other three seasons. The seasonal patterns in dry deposition were driven mostly by seasonal concentration patterns. The highest deposition of ammonia occurred in summer, while the deposition of nitrogen dioxide, particulate ammonium and nitrate peaked in winter. The maximum dry and wet WSON deposition appeared in autumn. Higher NH4+ concentration almost distributed in each size bin and centered in ranges of 0.18–1.0 μm, while higher NO3− concentration scattered in particle size ranges of 1.8–5.6 μm and 0.18–1.0 μm.

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Superdecisions to Select Building Material for Housing Construction at New Capital Nusantara (IKN), East Kalimantan, Indonesia

AHP by Saaty and Super Decisions decided on eight criteria for five alternative building materials in Bew Capital Nusantara. It is designed to facilitate decision-making processes using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods. MCDA methods are used when decisions involve multiple criteria or factors. Weighting by these two tools has been able to explain to construction actors that for a housing project location which is 99km from Samarinda to IKN by land, about 1,343 km from Surabaya by land, and 74.6 km from Balikpapan, which can be reached by land. Selection through weighting on both tools, AHP and Super Decision, ensuring that a total of 11,880 housing units with a total budget of IDR 45.2 trillion use materials that meet the requirements for cost, easy-to-work-with, performance, and physical properties.

Online Allocation with Replenishable Budgets: Worst Case and Beyond

This paper studies online resource allocation with replenishable budgets, where budgets can be replenished on top of the initial budget and an agent sequentially chooses online allocation decisions without violating the available budget constraint at each round. We propose a novel online algorithm, called OACP (Opportunistic Allocation with Conservative Pricing), that conservatively adjusts dual variables while opportunistically utilizing available resources. OACP achieves a bounded asymptotic competitive ratio in adversarial settings as the number of decision rounds T gets large. Importantly, the asymptotic competitive ratio of OACP is optimal in the absence of additional assumptions on budget replenishment. To further improve the competitive ratio, we make a mild assumption that there is budget replenishment every T* ≥ 1 decision rounds and propose OACP+ to dynamically adjust the total budget assignment for online allocation. Next, we move beyond the worst-case and propose LA-OACP (Learning-Augmented OACP/OACP+), a novel learning-augmented algorithm for online allocation with replenishable budgets. We prove that LA-OACP can improve the average utility compared to OACP/OACP+ when the ML predictor is properly trained, while still offering worst-case utility guarantees when the ML predictions are arbitrarily wrong. Finally, we run simulation studies of sustainable AI inference powered by renewables, validating our analysis and demonstrating the empirical benefits of LA-OACP.

Pulse shape discrimination for the CONUS experiment in the keV and sub-keV regime

Point-contact p-type high-purity germanium detectors (PPC HPGe) are particularly suited for detection of sub-keV nuclear recoils from coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos or light dark matter particles. While these particles are expected to interact homogeneously in the entire detector volume, specific classes of external background radiation preferably deposit their energy close to the semi-active detector surface, in which diffusion processes dominate that subsequently lead to slower rising pulses compared to the ones from the fully active bulk volume. Dedicated studies of their shape are therefore highly beneficial for the understanding and the rejection of these unwanted events. This article reports about the development of a data-driven pulse shape discrimination (PSD) method for the four 1 kg size PPC HPGe detectors of the Conus experiment in the keV and sub-keV regime down to 210 eVee.\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{ee}.$$\\end{document} The impact of the electronic noise at such low energies is carefully examined. It is shown that for an acceptance of 90% of the faster signal-like pulses from the bulk volume, approx. 50% of the surface events can be rejected at the energy threshold and that their contribution is fully suppressed above 800 eVee.\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{ee}.$$\\end{document} Applied to the Conus background data, such a PSD rejection cut allows to achieve an overall (15-25)%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(15{-}25)\\%$$\\end{document} reduction of the total background budget. The new method allows to improve the sensitivity of future Conus analyses and to refine the corresponding background model in the sub-keV energy region.

How many sites should an orthopedic trauma prospective multicenter trial have? A marginal analysis of the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium completed trials

BackgroundMulticenter trials in orthopedic trauma are costly, yet crucial to advance the science behind clinical care. The number of sites is a key cost determinant. Each site has a fixed overhead cost, so more sites cost more to the study. However, more sites can reduce total costs by shortening the study duration. We propose to determine the optimal number of sites based on known costs and predictable site enrollment.MethodsThis retrospective marginal analysis utilized administrative and financial data from 12 trials completed by the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium. The studies varied in size, design, and clinical focus. Enrollment across the studies ranged from 1054 to 33 patients. Design ranged from an observational study with light data collection to a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Initial modeling identified the optimal number of sites for each study and sensitivity analyses determined the sensitivity of the model to variation in fixed overhead costs.ResultsNo study was optimized in terms of the number of participating sites. Excess sites ranged from 2 to 39. Excess costs associated with extra sites ranged from $17K to $330K with a median excess cost of $96K. Excess costs were, on average, 7% of the total study budget. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that studies with higher overhead costs require more sites to complete the study as quickly as possible.ConclusionsOur data support that this model may be used by clinical researchers to achieve future study goals in a more cost-effective manner.Trial registrationPlease see Table 1 for individual trial registration numbers and dates of registration.

Who built Songdo, the “world’s first smart city?” questioning technology firms’ ability to lead smart city development

ABSTRACT The media often depicts major information and technology (ICT) firms, such as IBM, Google, and Cisco, as the principal driving forces of smart city development. However, we argue that traditional urban development actors, such as real estate developers and national and local governments, play larger roles. ICT firms have limitations as leaders of major smart city development because of two important factors: 1) financially, the ICT budget is merely a small portion of the total greenfield smart city development budget, and 2) the ICT product lifespans are much shorter than that of the built environment. We explain how these two issues cause several practical problems that are obstacles to ICT firms taking charge of major smart city development. To this end, we refer to findings from an in-depth case study of the Songdo International Business District, which some have dubbed “the world’s first smart city,” allegedly built by Cisco.

Strategic Planning of a Joint SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Vaccination Campaign in the UK.

The simultaneous administration of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines is being carried out for the first time in the UK and around the globe in order to mitigate the health, economic, and societal impacts of these respiratory tract diseases. However, a systematic approach for planning the vaccine distribution and administration aspects of the vaccination campaigns would be beneficial. This work develops a novel multi-product mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) vaccine supply chain model that can be used to plan and optimise the simultaneous distribution and administration of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines. The outcomes from this study reveal that the total budget required to successfully accomplish the SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination campaigns is equivalent to USD 7.29 billion, of which the procurement costs of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines correspond to USD 2.1 billion and USD 0.83 billion, respectively. The logistics cost is equivalent to USD 3.45 billion, and the costs of vaccinating individuals, quality control checks, and vaccine shipper and dry ice correspond to USD 1.66, 0.066, and 0.014, respectively. The analysis of the results shows that the choice of rolling out the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during the vaccination campaign can have a significant impact not only on the total vaccination cost but also on vaccine wastage rate.

A Genetic Algorithm-based Decision Framework to Incorporate Climate Impact on Pavement Maintenance Planning

A recent trend of increase in the vulnerable behavior of roads to potential climate events is observed worldwide. However, a few studies conducted incorporate climate impact into road maintenance and rehabilitation. To address this, a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization approach is proposed in this study with a climate risk index (CRI) in terms of criticality of roads, probability of occurrence of a climate event, and existing severity level of pavement. Criticality is defined by road functional class, availability of alternative routes and land use. Probability is determined by historical events and topography, while severity is defined by existing pavement condition. The CRI is incorporated as a generic constraint to the GA-based optimization model to maximize the average network condition under a given budget. To demonstrate this, a case study is conducted using twenty roads in different climatic conditions in Sri Lanka. The results show that in 25% and 50% of required total budget conditions there is a clear separation between priority roads IRI and non-priority roads IRI due to the generic constraint. This is an indication that the optimization model effectively prioritizes roads when there is a budget constraint. This concludes that the proposed approach can be utilized to make the most of the available budget for road maintenance by prioritizing roads that are highly vulnerable to climate events without compromising the overall network condition. Further, the proposed maintenance optimization approach can be extended to long term maintenance planning economically for developing countries.

Markovian Approach to Forecasting Personnel Populations and Costs

The Board of Education in New York City typically negotiated three-year contracts with their staff. It was found that costs over the three-year period invariably exceeded projections by 10%–20%. An analysis showed that although the number of employees was relatively constant, the distribution of employees with respect to salary levels had changed significantly. As a result, projections of salary costs were substantially understated. Over the course of the contract term, salaries increased due to longevity and additional employee education. Classic methods for forecasting costs include regression analyses, time series analysis, and simulation methods. Markov chains have also been used to project population changes over time. In this paper, we present a Markov chain model that was successfully used to forecast teacher populations as well as costs with much greater precision than had been possible previously. The model incorporated personnel as well as cost projections. For a given total salary budget, management was thus able to place salary increases in levels so as to keep costs to a minimum. As a result, management was able to obtain significant reductions in labor costs. In addition, the model can help by incorporating issues of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. By being able to track where employees would likely be down the line, a fairer distribution could be achieved.

Analysis of Risk Factors and Gaps in Government Risk Allocation with Private Investor Risk Perceptions in the Toll Road Sector Using the PPP Scheme in Indonesia

Infrastructure development has an important role in a country's economic growth. Based on the 2020-2024 APBN plan, the total budget requirement for providing infrastructure is IDR. 2,058tn, where the government budget is 30% of the portion of budgeted funding needs. Due to the need for infrastructure development, the government initiated Government Cooperation with Business Entities (KPBU) in various infrastructure sector to accelerate infrastructure development in Indonesia, including toll road. This research was conducted to investigate identified risks along with risk mapping analysis to find out whether there is a gap in risk allocation between the government and private investors in implementing toll road PPPs in Indonesia. The method of this research is a qualitative study with data collection methods through interviews and questionnaires. From the research conducted, it is known that there are 7 (Seven) risk categories with 17 (Seventeen) risk events that are considered important by private investors. From the research conducted, it is known that there are 11 risk allocations that are appropriate and 6 allocations that are not in accordance with the risk perception of private investors in the toll road sector with the PPP scheme in Indonesia, namely the risk of differences in interest on land bailout loans, increases in construction costs, the risk of inflation rates and interest rates, the risk of rate adjustments being lower than projected, the risk of general regulatory (and tax) changes and the risk of political force majeure.

Efektivitas Program Kota Tanpa Kumuh (Kotaku) Dalam Menangani Permukiman Kumuh Di Kota Padang

West Sumatera Province is one of the 15 provinces with the highest slum area in Indonesia. The city of Padang, as the largest city and the provincial capital, has a number of slum areas with an area of 122.33 ha. Of the 22 Kelurahan in Padang, one of the widest slum areas is in the Kelurahan Binuang Kampung Dalam. The KOTAKU program is then present to direct and synergize all forms of collaboration between parties to prevent and improve the quality of slum settlements, especially the community as active development subjects. Within two years, the KOTAKU program initiated CFW (Cash For Work) and Sanitation Assistance activities with a total budget of nearly one billion by involving the full participation of the people there. This thesis aims to analyze how effective and the inhibiting factors of the KOTAKU Program are in dealing with slum settlements in Binuang Kampung Dalam Village. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, and the method of selecting informants used a purposive sampling technique with the method of measuring program effectiveness using the Pentagonal Assets 7 Indicators. The results showed that the implementation of the KOTAKU program in Binuang Kampung Dalam Kelurahan focused on road repairs with a volume of 2,352.4 meters, drainage improvements with a volume of 275.7 meters, community capacity building 1 package, and sanitation improvement assistance to 100 families. However, the KOTAKU program is still considered less effective, because it does not bring changes to the other three indicators. The factors inhibiting the effectiveness of the program are the absence of programs on the indicators of building order, waste management and fire protection and the slow disbursement of funds