Total Body Resistance Exercise Research Articles

The Effect of Total Body Resistance Exercise Variations on the Speed of Youth Pencak Silat Scythe Kicks

The magnitude of the sickle strike directly influences the number of match points that can be achieved in the martial art of Pencak Silat. The aim of this study is to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the impact of different types of Total Body Resistance Exercise training on the speed of Pencak silat sickle kicks performed by teenagers. This research methodology utilises a hypothetical inquiry that consists of two distinct groups: an experimental group and a control group. The subjects of this study were combatants who had engaged in the practice of Pencak silat at State Vocational High School (SMK) Negeri 1 Stabat. There were a total of 52 participants who met the requirements for this inquiry. The sample was gathered using purposive sampling, which followed the specified criteria. To participate, one must have attended Pencak silat training sessions at SMK N 1 Stabat, have a high level of skill in the fundamental methods of the sickle kick, be between the ages of 17 and 19, and be willing to serve as a study sample. The confirmation of eligibility for a group of 33 individuals, consisting of 17 girls and 16 males, resulted from the assessment of these specific criteria. This research apparatus is utilised to assess the speed of Pencak silat kicks and estimate the impact of sickle blows. Consequently, Total Body Resistance Exercise training affects the speed of sickle kicks. However, there is no noticeable statistically significant variation in sickle kick speed among adolescent Pencak Silat practitioners.

The effects of dumbbell versus TRX suspension training on shoulder strength, vertical jump, and spike speed in volleyball players

BACKGROUND: Limited research exists on how various resistance training methods, such as TRX and dumbbells, impact sport-specific technical skills and muscle performance in young athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week Total-Body Resistance Exercise (TRX) suspension training and Traditional Dumbbell Training (TDT) on shoulder muscle strength, leg power, and spike speed in young male volleyball players. METHODS: Twenty-five male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either the TRX suspension group (n= 13) or the TDT group (n= 12). Anthropometric measures, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, spike speed, and shoulder joint isokinetic strength tests were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Both groups continued their volleyball training (5 days/week) and added TRX or TDT sessions for 2 months (60–90 minutes/day, 3 times/week), including 8 multi-joint exercises (1–3 sets/12 reps, 60 min rest). Statistical analysis involved Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, with effect size calculations. RESULTS: Compared to the TDT group, the TRX group showed significant improvements in CMJ height (+12.17% vs. +0.83%; p= 0.001), CMJ power (+9.55% vs. -0.24 %; p= 0.01), and spike speed (+11.49% vs. +6.82%; p= 0.03) with a small to moderate effect size. CONCLUSIONS: In young male volleyball players, TRX suspension training may be more effective than dumbbell training in enhancing jump performance and spike speed.

Effects of 8-Week Suspension Training Program on Physical Fitness, Biomechanical Lower Extremity Injury Risk Factors, Mental Health, and Work-Related Factors in Navy Personnel: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Military personnel need to be in optimal physical fitness and ready for action. Currently used physical training programs are mainly based on cardiovascular routines that do not fulfill all physical requirements. Feasible and easy-accessible training programs are needed to improve strength-related physical performance. Objectives: The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a suspension-training program with the total body resistance exercise band in physical fitness, biomechanical lower extremity injury risk factors, mental health, and work-related factors in navy personnel. Methods: To conduct this parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 50 young men aged 18 to 28 years will be recruited. The intervention group performs suspension training (three times a week for 8 weeks) in addition to their daily duties; however, the control group continues their daily duties. The primary outcome is physical performance. The secondary outcomes include biomechanical lower extremity injury risk factors, mental health, and work-related factors. Discussion: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a randomized controlled trial of suspension training in performance, lower extremity frontal plane kinematics, job satisfaction, workability, and quality of life in navy personnel. This trial might provide new insights for various experts and military coaches and suspension-training programs can be used as new methods to meet all military personnel demands with minimum facilities.

Comparing the Effect of 8 Weeks of Suspension Training and Core Stability on the Onset of Electromyography Activity of Selected Muscles and the Pain in Amateur Soccer Players With Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Purpose: Back pain is one of the most common injuries that affects many people worldwide. Core stability exercises are among the training methods for treating back pain. Suspension training with TRX (total body resistance exercise) has recently become popular among athletes and coaches. The present study aims to compare the effect of common core stability exercises with suspension exercises using TRX in amateur male soccer players with non-specific chronic back pain. Methods: The current research is a clinical trial study. The study population comprised amateur male soccer players with non-specific chronic back pain. Of whom, 30 were selected as a sample using Cochran’s formula and according to the inclusion criteria. Then, they were randomly divided into two equal groups of suspension exercises on the unstable level (15 people) and core stability on the stable level (15 people). The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to obtain the pain intensity, and the surface electromyography device and force plate were used to check the activity start time. first, the pre-test evaluations were done in the Mofaghian Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, and then the subjects performed the study exercises for 8 weeks. Moreover, after 8 weeks of training, the post-test was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze anthropometric characteristics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of data, covariance, and the Mann-Whitney tests to compare the results between two groups at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of the covariance analysis test showed a significant difference in the start time of the electromyography of the muscles between the two groups of suspension exercises and common core stability exercises after 8 weeks of exercises (rectus abdominis, P=0.01; multifidus, P=0.001; transverse abdominis, P=0.001, and external oblique, P=0.001). Also, the results of the Mann-Whitney U test for comparing the pain intensity between the two groups showed a significant difference (P=0.02). Conclusion: Considering the greater effectiveness of suspension exercises compared to common core stability exercises and the existing reports that suspension exercises have a low risk of injury in connection with unnecessary high loads, the use of these exercises in people with low back pain is recommended than using a stable surface.

The Effects of Resistance Training With and Without Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Body Composition of Obese Women

Background and Purpose: Nowadays, total body resistance exercise has been added to instability training and has become popular for improving health and sports performance. Resistance training is a beneficial way to improve body composition and increase muscle strength. This study aims to evaluate the effect of suspension training (total resistance exercises [TRX]) with and without electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on body composition and muscle strength in obese women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental research is an applied study in terms of research goal. A total of 36 Class 1 obese women (mean±SD age: 30.9±5.3 years, mean±SD body mass: 95.4±9.4 kg, mean±SD height: 168.2±7.8 cm) were randomly selected from qualified volunteers and grouped randomly into three groups (n=12 for each group): EMS, TRX, and TRX-EMS. The TRX group performed 8 weeks of suspension resistance training (3 sessions per week), and the TRX-EMS group performed the TRX exercises wearing a whole-body suit that provided electrical stimulation. EMS intervention includes 3 applications of 90 min/3 days per week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software. Results: Findings of this study demonstrate significant differences in body composition measurements among three groups after 8 weeks of interventions (P≤0.05). All three interventions increased muscle strength after 8 weeks. TRX+EMS was the most effective intervention on body composition measures (-4.3% in body mass index [BMI], -7.2% in body fat mass [BFM], and +3.6% in skeletal muscle mass [SMM]) and muscle strength (21.93% in BP-1RM and 27.4% in LP-1RM). Also, these findings may indicate that EMS was the least effective intervention on body composition and muscle strength compared with the TRX and TRX-EMS. Conclusion: According to these results, it is suggested that obese women use EMS with suspension training to lose weight and improve body composition and strength.

Comparison of the Effects of Total Body Resistance Exercise and Traditional Resistance Training on the Immune System Biomarker in Inactive Obese Women

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of traditional resistance training and total body resistance exercise (TRX) on the immune system of obese sedentary women.
 Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 28 obese women with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.39± 4.65 (kg/m2) were randomly divided into three groups of TRX training (N= 9), traditional resistance training (N= 9) and control (N= 10). The experimental groups performed exercise training in three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken from all subjects 48 hours before and after the last training session and were used for neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using dependent T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS software, the significance level was P< 0.05.
 Results: The results of the study did not show significant differences within and between groups in the variables of the immune system (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils) (P< 0.05). Also, the results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in basophil count only between the three groups (P= 0.006).
 Conclusion: According to the results of the study, no significant difference in immune system indices was observed between the groups. Therefore, performing traditional resistance exercises and moderate-intensity TRX has no significant effect on the immune system of sedentary obese women.

The effect of TRX suspension trainer and BOSU platform after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint

Background and Study Aim. The tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint is experienced by people of all ages for a variety of reasons. The physiotherapy procedures with different equipment help recover lost functions. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ‘TRX’ (Total body Resistance eXercise) suspension trainer and platform ‘BOSU’ (Both Sides Utilized) after anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint reconstruction.
 Material and Methods. The study included 20 patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, 13 women, age (31.7 ± 3.4) and 7 men, age (31.7 ± 3.5) participated in the assessment. The strength of the calf flexors and extensors muscles was assessed by Lovett scale. The range of motion of the knee joint was assessed by goniometer. The static and dynamic body balance was assessed by Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale. The stability of the knee joint was assessed by Lachman test. The statistical data reliability was evaluated using Student's T criterion.
 Results. The data obtained showed that stabilization exercises with ‘TRX’ suspension trainer ant platform ‘BOSU’ have positive effect on knee joint after reconstruction. In the first and second group strength of the calf flexors and extensors muscles, amplitude of knee joint, static and dynamic balance significantly increased (p<0.05). Knee joint stability increased. Comparing both groups’ results, there are no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). 
 Conclusions. Physiotherapy exercises with TRX suspension trainer and platform ‘BOSU’ can help patients to return lost muscles strength, knee joint amplitude, static and dynamic balance and knee joint stability.

The Effects of TRX Suspension Training Combined with Taurine Supplementation on Body Composition, Glycemic and Lipid Markers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week total-body resistance exercise (TRX) suspension training intervention combined with taurine supplementation on body composition, blood glucose, and lipid markers in T2D females. Methods: Forty T2D middle-aged females (age: 53 ± 5 years, body mass = 84.3 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly assigned to four groups, TRX suspension training + placebo (TP; n = 10), TRX suspension training + taurine supplementation (TT; n = 10), taurine supplementation (T; n = 10), or control (C; n = 10). Body composition (body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP)), blood glucose (fasting blood sugar (FBS)), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Insulin, and Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid markers (low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC)) were evaluated prior to and after interventions. Results: All three interventions significantly decreased body mass, BMI, and BFP with no changes between them for body mass and BMI; however, BFP changes in the TT group were significantly greater than all other groups. FBS was significantly reduced in TP and TT. Insulin concentrations’ decrement were significantly greater in all experimental groups compared to C; however, no between group differences were observed between TT, TP, and T. In regards to HOMA-IR, decreases in TT were significantly greater than all other groups TG, HbA1c, and LDL were reduced following all interventions. HDL values significantly increased only in the TT group, while TC significantly decreased in TP and TT groups. Changes in HbA1c, TG, HDL, and TC were significantly greater in the TT compared to all other groups. Conclusions: TRX training improved glycemic and lipid profiles, while taurine supplementation alone failed to show hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Notably, the synergic effects of TRX training and taurine supplementation were shown in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, HDL, and BFP changes. Our outcomes suggest that TRX training + taurine supplementation may be an effective adjuvant therapy in individuals with T2D.

Effects of total body resistance exercise on sexual function and quality of life in female with multiple sclerosis

Effects of total body resistance exercise on sexual function and quality of life in female with multiple sclerosis

Pilates and TRX training methods can improve insulin resistance in overweight women by increasing an exercise-hormone, Irisin.

Physical inactivity is leading to obesity and consequently insulin resistance and diabetes. Feasible and cost efficient strategies like Pilates and total body resistance exercise (TRX) training can impede obesity and its compilation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8weeks Pilates and TRX training programs on irisin concentration and insulin resistance in overweight women. Thirty overweight women (Body mass index (BMI): 25-29.9kg/m2) were divided, based on their BMI, into 3 groups; control, Pilates and TRX. The participants in the training groups were subjected to moderate intensity of Pilates or TRX exercise training 3 times a week for 8weeks. Blood samples were taken at pre-test and 48h after the last training session and used for analyzing irisin, insulin and glucose. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA and paired-samples t-test. The finding showed that the Pilates training decreased body weight and BMI compared to the pre-test (P < 0.05). Also, it has been revealed that irisin concentration in response to Pilates and TRX training programs were increased in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in irisin concentrations between training groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, fasting insulin, glucose and insulin resistance were significantly reduced after exercise intervention compared to the pre-test which were significantly lowered compared to the control group as well. The results suggest Pilates and TRX trainings are two efficient model of exercise that by eliciting an exercise-hormone, irisin, can improve insulin resistance in overweight women.

LAT1 Protein Content Increases Following 12 Weeks of Resistance Exercise Training in Human Skeletal Muscle.

Introduction: Amino acid transporters are essential for cellular amino acid transport and promoting protein synthesis. While previous literature has demonstrated the association of amino acid transporters and protein synthesis following acute resistance exercise and amino acid supplementation, the chronic effect of resistance exercise and supplementation on amino acid transporters is unknown. The purpose herein was to determine if amino acid transporters and amino acid metabolic enzymes were related to skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise training with different nutritional supplementation strategies.Methods: 43 college-aged males were separated into a maltodextrin placebo (PLA, n = 12), leucine (LEU, n = 14), or whey protein concentrate (WPC, n = 17) group and underwent 12 weeks of total-body resistance exercise training. Each group's supplement was standardized for total energy and fat, and LEU and WPC supplements were standardized for total leucine (6 g/d). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained prior to training and ~72 h following each subject's last training session.Results: All groups increased type I and II fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) following training (p < 0.050). LAT1 protein increased following training (p < 0.001) and increased more in PLA than LEU and WPC (p < 0.050). BCKDHα protein increased and ATF4 protein decreased following training (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry indicated total LAT1/fiber, but not membrane LAT1/fiber, increased with training (p = 0.003). Utilizing all groups, the change in ATF4 protein, but no other marker, trended to correlate with the change in fCSA (r = 0.314; p = 0.055); however, when regression analysis was used to delineate groups, the change in ATF4 protein best predicted the change in fCSA only in LEU (r2 = 0.322; p = 0.043). In C2C12 myoblasts, LAT1 protein overexpression caused a paradoxical decrease in protein synthesis levels (p = 0.002) and decrease in BCKDHα protein (p = 0.001).Conclusions: Amino acid transporters and metabolic enzymes are affected by resistance exercise training, but do not appear to dictate muscle fiber hypertrophy. In fact, overexpression of LAT1 in vitro decreased protein synthesis.

The Effect of Eight-Week Total Body Resistance Exercise on Liver Functional Parameters in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health problem and a serious risk factor for other diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight-week total body resistance exercises (TRX) on liver functional parameters in patients with NAFLD. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 22 men with NAFLD were randomly divided into TRX training (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. The TRX group participated in a TRX training program for eight weeks (three sessions per week, 60minutes per session). The body composition, anthropometric indices, liver fat content, and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured by the enzymatic method before and after the training period. Results: After TRX training, the liver fat content in the TRX group was significantly lower than in the control group (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP significantly decreased in the TRX group, compared to the controls (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, TRX training significantly reduced body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio (P &lt; 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the control group (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: TRX training could be effective in improving liver fat content and reducing the serum levels of liver enzymes in men with NAFLD and can play a role in the management of this condition.

Comparison of Myoelectric Activity During a Suspension-Based and Traditional Split Squat.

Miller, WM, Barnes, JT, Sofo, SS, and Wagganer, JD. Comparison of myoelectric activity during a suspension-based and traditional split squat. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3236-3241, 2019-Over several decades, traditional resistance training has incorporated body-mass suspension training (SPT), for example, Total-Body Resistance Exercise (TRX); however, very little research has been completed investigating the effects of lower body SPT. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess sex differences in myoelectric activity via electromyography while performing a stable (i.e., bench) traditional split squat (TSS) compared with suspension body-mass split squat (TRXSS). Nineteen recreationally active individuals (mean ± SD = men: n = 9; 21.4 ± 2.1 years; 177.2 ± 9.0 cm; 84.2 ± 8.8 kg; women: n = 10; 21.5 ± 1.6 years; 160.7 ± 8.5 cm; 59.1 ± 7.9 kg) participated in this investigation. Subjects performed 3 training sessions, 1 familiarization and 2 (one for each variation) split squat. The TRXSS was performed by placing the rear foot within the foot cradle of the strap, while the TSS required placement of the rear foot on a stable bench (40.64 cm). The TRXSS resulted in higher peak and average myoelectric activity overall, as well as greater gluteus maximus myoelectric activity. No gender or rectus femoris myoelectric activity differences were found. The increased myoelectric activity of the gluteus maximus during the TRXSS was most likely due to increased medial/lateral stabilization demands on the suspended leg. These findings provide insight into TRX as a useful exercise modality for recreationally active or rehabilitative purposes.

The Effect of Total Body Resistance Exercise on Mobility, Proprioception, and Muscle Strength of the Knee in People With Multiple Sclerosis.

Muscle weakness and sensory deficits cause impaired balance and walking abilities that are prerequisites for independent activity of daily living in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent physical exercises tailored to improve the activity of daily living people with MS have focused on the functional training. To investigate the effect of total body resistance exercise suspension training on mobility, proprioception, and muscle strength of the knee in people with MS. Single-blind pretest and posttest control group design. Referral Center of Multiple Sclerosis Society. Thirty-four women with relapsing-remitting MS were participated in this study. The mean (SD) of their age was 36.44 (4.88) years, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale was 2.35 (0.94). The participants were divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 15) and training group (n = 19). The training group performed the total body resistance exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The control group received their usual care and daily activities. Outcomes were measured presessions and postsessions. Mobility was assessed with Timed Up and Go test, 10-m walk maximum test, 2 minute walk test, and 5-time sit-to-stand test. Knee proprioception absolute error and isometric strength of knee flexor and extensor muscles were measured by using a biodex isokinetic dynamometer. In the training group, mobility (P = .001), maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee flexor and extensor muscles in both legs (P > .05), and the knee proprioception absolute error in nondominant leg at 60° knee flexion (P = .02) improved significantly compared with the control group. Total body resistance exercise is a functional and safe intervention that can improve the mobility and muscles strength of the knee in a short period in people with MS.

The Effect of Total Body Resistance Exercise on Strength, Power and Stability Enhancement

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the effectiveness of the total body resistance exercise – ascending, descending and constant load, in increasing strength, power, and stability. Methodology: The quantitative method with quasi-experimental design techniques was used in the study. Results: The results showed that: 1) in the ascending group, leg muscle strength had the highest percentage compared to other variables for 22%, while leg muscle power had the lowest score for 12%; 2) in the descending group, arm muscle strength had the highest score for 36% compared to other variables while the leg muscle power had the lowest score for 16%; 3) in the constant load group, arm muscle strength increased for 15%, leg muscle strength for 14%, arm muscle power for 12%, leg muscle power and stability for 8%, and body balance for 35%. Conclusion: There was significant effectiveness among the ascending, descending, and constant load groups in terms of increasing strength, power, and stability. The descending and constant load group had a greater or more effective impact on increasing arm muscle strength than the ascending group.

A resistance exercise set for a total body workout for adults with intellectual disabilities, a pilot study.

BackgroundResistance training has beneficial effects on fitness levels, cardiovascular disease risk, risk of sarcopenia and on performing activities of daily living. The focus of this study is to design a total body resistance exercise set for adults with intellectual disabilities (RESID) with minimal equipment required and to test its feasibility.MethodThe RESID was selected in an expert meeting, and its feasibility was determined in a cross‐sectional pilot study. The feasibility was determined with completion rate, correct execution of exercises and the participant's experience.ResultsThe expert group (n = 7) selected seven exercises for the RESID. The participants (N = 11) performed the RESID twice during regular sports classes. Completion rate and correctness were excellent for all exercises. The participants did not experience any major problems with the RESID.ConclusionsThe RESID is feasible for use in different training settings. A physiotherapist or fitness instructor is required to supervise the training sessions.

Effect of Rest Interval Length Between Sets on Total Load Lifted and Blood Lactate Response During Total-Body Resistance Exercise Session

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different rest interval durations between sets during full-body resistance exercise sessions on total load lifted and blood lactate concentrations in resistance-trained individuals. Methods: Ten healthy young men (age: 23 ± 6.5 years; total body mass: 82.8 ± 10.6 kg, height: 177.3 ± 0.1 cm) randomly performed 3 resistance exercise sessions with different rest intervals between sets (30 seconds, 60 seconds and 120 seconds). The resistance exercise sessions consisted of 6 full-body exercises (bench press; seated low row; shoulder press; back squat; leg press 45° and seated calf raise) performed with 4 sets of 10 repetitions maximum (RM). Total load lifted (sets × repetitions × load (Kgf)) and lactate blood concentration were determined for each exercise session. One way, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test were used for multiple comparisons. Results: The total load lifted was significantly (P < 0.001) lower for 30 seconds (26382.0 ± 4100.3 kg) rest interval compared with 60 seconds (28864.5 ± 4139.7 kg) and 120 seconds (30064.4 ± 3966.4 kg). The blood lactate response was not different among the 3 rest interval conditions investigated, with mean peak values of 7.05 ± 1.69, 7.26 ± 2.77 and 6.90 ± 3.79 mM for 30 seconds, 60 seconds and 120 seconds, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, rest interval durations of 60 seconds and 120 seconds between sets favored a higher total load lifted in the exercise session when compared to the 30 seconds rest interval. The rest protocols implemented in the present study promoted a similar metabolic response (e.g. blood lactate concentration) to a full-body resistance exercise session in trained subjects.

Abstract 988: Effect of a supervised exercise intervention on sarcopenic obesity and metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer patients: A randomized pilot study

Abstract Purpose: Prostate cancer survivors (PCS) on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) experience adverse side effects such as skeletal muscle loss and adiposity gain, together called sarcopenic obesity, and changes in cardiometabolic factors that increase risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Resistance exercise can increase skeletal muscle mass, but no exercise interventions to date in PCS on ADT have concomitantly improved sarcopenic obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Utilizing a 12-week intervention of progressive resistance exercise designed to target skeletal muscle mass, this ongoing pilot trial investigates sarcopenic obesity and as a secondary analyses, MetS components, in PCS on ADT. Methods: Eighteen PCS (65.6±8.8 yr) on current or previous ADT were recruited from the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and randomized to resistance training (RT; n=9) or a control stretching program (CS; n=9). Body composition, measured through dual-x-ray absorptiometry, and MetS outcomes, including waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and HDL, were assessed at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), a common index of sarcopenia, was calculated from body composition. RT performed a supervised total-body resistance exercise and stretching program 3 times/week. CS performed home-based stretching 3 times/week. Baseline differences were tested with univariate ANOVA. Differences in all outcomes were tested with 2(group) x 2(time) ANOVA. Results: No significant differences in ADT duration, Gleason score, body fat, skeletal muscle mass, or MetS components were found between groups at baseline (P&amp;gt;0.05). RT program compliance was 98.3%, while CS program compliance was 75.5%. Post-intervention, significant increases were observed in RT compared to CS for appendicular skeletal mass (mean±SE; 0.8±.4 kg; P=0.04) and ASMI (0.3±.1 kg/m2; P=0.041). A nonsignificant decrease in body fat (%) was observed in RT compared to CS (1.3±.7 %; P=.067; d=0.89). No differences were found in MetS components. Conclusions: While 12 weeks of resistance exercise in PCS on ADT improved skeletal muscle mass, no changes in adiposity and MetS variables were observed. Future interventions are needed for PCS to determine the optimal exercise prescription to target both sarcopenic obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Citation Format: Jacqueline L. Kiwata, Tanya B. Dorff, E. T. Schroeder, Christina M. Dieli-Conwright. Effect of a supervised exercise intervention on sarcopenic obesity and metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer patients: A randomized pilot study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 988. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-988

The Effects Of Pre-exercise Protein Vs. Carbohydrate Consumption On Energy Expenditure After High-volume Resistance Exercise

During the recovery period following a bout of resistance exercise, oxygen consumption remains elevated for a variable timeframe, reflecting an acute enhancement in resting energy expenditure. What remains uncertain is whether pre-exercise nutrient consumption further promotes these acute metabolic responses to a bout of resistance exercise and if the type of nutrient influences these effects. PURPOSE: Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine, in college-age, resistance trained male subjects, the extent by which pre-exercise supplementation of whey protein or carbohydrate modulates metabolic and substrate oxidation rates following a bout of high-volume, total body resistance exercise. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study, healthy, resistance trained male (n=10) subjects initially underwent baseline testing for resting energy expenditure and maximum strength. Subjects were familiarized with the resistance exercise protocol during the subsequent visit. Afterwards, across 3 separate subsequent visits, subjects consumed whey protein (PRO), carbohydrate (CHO), or no nutrients (CON) prior to a bout of high-volume resistance exercise. After exercise, subjects were tested for energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and heart rate (HR). RESULTS: PRO (+23.5%; p=0.003), CHO (+12.8%; p=0.001), and CON (+9.5%; p=0.005) increased EE from resting baseline with concomitant changes to VO2, RER, and HR. PRO (p=0.019) and CHO (p=0.003) demonstrated equivalently greater post-exercise EE than CON. Post-exercise VO2 was significantly greater in PRO vs. CON (p=0.034) while CHO did not differ from PRO or CON. CONCLUSION: Overall, nutrient consumption prior to resistance exercise may augment the post-exercise elevation in EE. Consumption of whey protein pre-exercise may enhance excess post-resistance exercise oxygen consumption (i.e EPOC) to a greater extent than carbohydrate intake.

Effect of Periodized Training on Sarcopenic Obesity and Physical Function in Prostate Cancer Survivors

For prostate cancer survivors (PCS) on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the loss of skeletal muscle and increase in adiposity, together called sarcopenic obesity, is a common adverse effect. Sarcopenia is also associated with decreases in strength and mobility. No studies to date have concomitantly improved sarcopenic obesity and physical function in PCS on ADT. This study attempts to improve on existing interventions by employing periodization to optimize physiological and performance adaptations. PURPOSE: This ongoing pilot trial investigates the effects of 12 weeks of periodized resistance training on sarcopenic obesity and physical function in PCS on ADT. METHODS: Eighteen PCS (65.6 ± 8.8 yr) on current or previous ADT were recruited from the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and randomized to periodized resistance training (PRT; n=9) or an attention control stretching program (CS; n=9). Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after the 12-wk intervention. Body composition was measured through dual-x-ray absorptiometry, estimated 1 RM strength was tested on leg press and seated row, and mobility was assessed through timed up and go. Appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), a common index of sarcopenia, was calculated from body composition. PRT performed a supervised total-body resistance exercise and stretching program 3 times a week. CS performed home-based stretching 3 times a week. Baseline group differences were tested with univariate ANOVA, while differences in all outcomes were tested with 2 (group) x 2 (time) ANOVA. RESULTS: No significant differences in characteristics or outcomes were found between groups at baseline (P > 0.05). Post-intervention, significant increases were observed in PRT compared to CS for appendicular skeletal mass (0.8 ± .4 kg; P = 0.04), ASMI (0.3 ± .1 kg/m2; P = 0.041), leg press (126.6 ± 31.7 kg; P = .004) and seated row (23.0 ± 3.5 kg; P < .001). A nonsignificant decrease in body fat (%) was observed in PRT compared to CS (1.3 ± .7 %; P = .067; d = 0.89). No differences were found in mobility. CONCLUSIONS:In PCS on ADT, a 12-wk periodized resistance training program improved skeletal muscle mass and strength. Future work is warranted to determine if adiposity can be attenuated and improvements sustained beyond the 12-wk intervention. Supported by an NSCAF doctoral grant.