Blood Total Protein Research Articles

Analysis of influencing factors associated with Hp infection in H-type hypertension

Objective to investigate the influencing factors of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in patients with H type hypertension. Methods A total of 1089 patients with h-type hypertension who underwent physical examination in Lanzhou Petrochemical Company of petrochina in Lanzhou city, Gansu Province from May 2021 to September 2021 were selected as the research objects. All the patients were tested by 14C urea breath test and divided into Hp infected group (278 cases) and Hp non-infected group (811 cases) according to the test results. For collected age, sex and other general demographic indicators and determined systolic blood pressure (SBP) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) albumin (ALB) globulin (GLB) total protein (TP) albumin/globulin (ALB/GLB) uric acid (UA) triglyceride (TG) Total cholesterol (TC) High-density lipoprotein (HDL) Low density lipoprotein (LDL) fasting blood glucose (GLU) and other biochemical indicators were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate unconditiona Logistic regression analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that albumin (ALB) in h-type hypertension patients in infection group was lower than that in lung infection group, and the difference was statistically significant (T =3.383, P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), globulin (GLB), triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood glucose (GLU) were higher than those in the non-infected group, but the differences were not statistically significant (ALL P>0.05). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total protein (TP), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were higher than those in the non-infected group. There were no significant differences (all P>0.05); Multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression showed that high density lipoprotein (DHL) was an independent protective factor for Hp infection in h-type hypertension patients (OR=0.49, P<0.05). Conclusions Hp infection is associated with lipid metabolism disorder, and high density lipoprotein is a protective factor of HELICobacter pylori infection in patients with H type hypertension.

Primary and Secondary Physiological Stress Responses of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Due to Rearing Practices under Aquaculture Farming Conditions in M'diq Bay, Moroccan Mediterranean: The Case of Sampling Operation for Size and Weight Measurement.

Globally, aquaculture contributes to sustainable food and nutritional stability. However, stress conditions constitute a major threat affecting farmed-fish welfare and fish farms’ performances. In this regard, the present study was aimed at measuring and comparing in-situ (offshore) the physiological stress responses caused by recurrent sampling operations for length−weight measurement. Studied fish were European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax sub-adults and adults reared in intensive farming conditions in M’diq Bay, on the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. The physiological stress response was evaluated by measuring blood biomarkers, including cortisol, glucose, lactate, total cholesterol and total proteins levels, and hematocrit percentage. The hypercortisolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlactatemia and hypoproteinemia detected in the post-sampling state in both age groups of D. labrax indicated stress tendencies and a high sensitivity to aquaculture practice-related stress factors, with major and minor responses detected in the same age and same stress conditions. It is also interesting to note that the fish age and the time-course of the sampling operation had a statistically significant effect in terms of the physiological response (with p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the present study showed that sea bass subjected to various stressful situations in intensive farming conditions displayed a physiological stress response specific to its age, to the individual status, as well as to the duration of stressor.

Impact of Moringa oleifera Leaves on Nutrient Utilization, Enteric Methane Emissions, and Performance of Goat Kids.

The development of different innovative feed resources for livestock is important to provide the essential nutrients and diminish the emission of greenhouse gases. The purpose of the present experiment was to study the response of replacing concentrate with Moringa oleifera leaves in terms of the nutrient intake, digestibility, enteric methane emissions, and performance of goat kids with a berseem-fodder-based diet under different roughage (R)-to-concentrate (C) ratios. Twenty-four goat kids (3 months of age) were distributed into four groups of six animals each, using a randomized block design (RBD). Kids of Group I (control) were fed a basal diet with 70R:30C without any tree leaf supplementation. Group II kids were fed with 60R:40C, where 10% of the concentrate mix was replaced with Moringa leaf (ML powder). In Group III, kids were fed with 70R:30C with 20% ML replacement. In Group IV, kids were fed with 80R:20C with 20% ML replacement. A metabolic trial was conducted after 180 days of feeding to assess the impact of ML on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, immunity parameters, and enteric methane emissions. The results revealed that dry matter digestibility, organic matter, and NDF were better (p < 0.05) in ML-treated kids (GII and GIII) compared to GI. Feed conversion and average daily gain were also enhanced (p < 0.05) in the treated groups as compared to controls. Total blood protein and albumin were increased in GII and GIII kids compared to GI. Plasma cholesterol levels were decreased (p < 0.001) in GII, GIII, and GIV as compared to GI. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were also enhanced in GII, GIII, and GIV compared to controls. ML supplementation improved cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity responses in goat kids. Enteric methane emissions decreased in the treated groups as compared to the controls. Moringa oleifera leaf may be used up to the level of 10−20% in concentrate mixes to improve digestibility, blood biochemical parameters, immunity status, and antioxidant activity in goat kids. Supplementation of ML not only enhanced the digestion and health of goat kids, but also decreased their methane emissions.

Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on oxidative stress, histological structure, and apoptosis in a new hypoxia-tolerant variety of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

A new hypoxia-tolerant variety of blunt snout bream was obtained by successive breeding of the wild population, which markedly improved hypoxia tolerance. In this study, the hypoxia-tolerant variety was exposed to hypoxia (2.0 mg O2·L−1) for 4, 7 days. The contents of blood biochemical indicators including the number of red blood cells (RBC), total cholesterol (T-CHO), total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), and lactic acid (LD) increased significantly (P < 0.05) under hypoxia. The glycogen content in the liver and muscle decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and the LD content in the brain, muscle and liver increased significantly (P < 0.05) under hypoxia. The levels of oxidative stress-related indicators i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) also changed significantly (P < 0.05) in the heart, liver, and intestine of the new variety under hypoxia. Additionally, hypoxia has caused injuries to the heart, liver, and intestine, but it shows amazing repair ability during reoxygenation. The apoptotic cells and apoptosis rate in the heart, liver, and intestine increased under hypoxia. Under hypoxia, the expression of the B-cell lymphomas 2 (Bcl-2) gene in the heart, liver, and intestine was significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated, while the expression of the BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (Bad) gene was significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated. These results are of great significance for enriching the basic data of blunt snout bream new variety in response to hypoxia and promoting the healthy development of its culture industry.

Hepatorenal Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Solidago canadensis L. against Paracetamol-Induced Toxicity in Mice.

Paracetamol (AKA acetaminophen) is a widely used drug and is used for mild to moderate pains, such as mild osteoarthritis, toothache, headache, and pain caused by minimally invasive surgeries. Despite being a harmless drug in lower doses, acetaminophen can be toxic to the liver and kidneys if overdosed and even results in death. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Solidago canadensis L. extract (SCE) were investigated. 48 adult male Swiss albino mice (20-30 grams) were randomly divided into six groups of 8. The control group was gavaged with normal saline every 12 hours for 6 days. The second group received paracetamol at a 500 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) dose on the sixth day. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were gavaged doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of SCE every 12 hours for six days, respectively, and on the sixth day, we received paracetamol at a dose of 500 mg/kg i.p. The sixth group only received SCE every 12 hours at a dose of 1000 mg/kg via gavaging for six days. On the seventh day (24 hours after paracetamol injection), blood samples were collected to measure the serum level of creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total and direct bilirubin, and liver and kidney tissues were also sampled for histopathological examination. It was observed that paracetamol caused a considerable increase in the ALT, AST, ALP, uric Acid, and BUN levels (P < 0.01), while those in SCE-treated groups were significantly lower. In addition, various lesions in the paracetamol group were observed, while in the SCE-receiving groups, receiving prophylactic SCE inhibited the high-intense lesions such as the infiltration of inflammatory cells, hyperemia, and vacuolar degeneration, which decreased significantly in the control group in comparison with that of the paracetamol group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SCE can have substantial protective effects against paracetamol's hepatorenal toxicity.

Some Physiological and Serum Biochemical Reference Values of Adult Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar Kurdestanica) in Kurdistan Region-Iraq

The physiological parameters and blood biochemical parameters of wild Chukar partridges in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq were measured in this study. During this research, 27 healthy Alectoris chukar partridges (9 males, 18 females), 8–12 months, were captured in the mountains of Penjwin district in the east of Sulaimani City from March to July 2022. Physiological parameters, including weight, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and cloacal temperature (CT), were recorded for each partridge. Blood samples were collected from the jugular or wing vein to determine the serum biochemical parameters such as alanine transaminase levels, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total proteins, albumin, globulin, glucose, and total bilirubin. The males were significantly larger in weight (498.7 g) than the females (446.5 g). However, no significant differences were observed in the physiological parameters’ values between the sexes. Also, the serum biochemical parameters showed no sex-related differences between the sexes, except that the alanine transaminase level was significantly higher in the males (p &lt; 0.05). The birds were released to their natural habitat after the studies were conducted. As a pioneer work, these physiological and serum biochemistry values may serve as a reference range of Chukar partridge in diagnostic procedures for both physiological and pathological conditions.

Effect of stocking density on the growth, body composition, and blood parameters of cage-reared Gangetic mystus catfish (Mystus cavasius)

Suitable stocking density of Gulsa tengra (Mystus cavasius) was observed by measuring growth performance, production, and survival in nylon net cages for 120 days in Chalan Beel floodplain ecosystem. Fry of Gulsha tengra (5.55 ± 0.49 g in weight) were stocked into 6 × 3 × 2-m (36 m3) floating net cages with treatments: T1-50, T2-100, T3-150, and T4-200 fry/m3 (in triplicates). The stocked fry was fed twice daily with commercial floating pellet containing 32 % protein at the rate of 5 % /fish body weight during the first 2 months and then reduced to 3 % for the next 2 months. The highest weight gain was observed in the lowest density treatment, T1 (18.70 ± 1.37 g) and the lowest (8.66 ± 0.99 g) in highest density treatment, T4 (all tests for significance were performed at a 5 % level). The rate of survival varied from 86.6 % and 95.8 %, with T1 resulting in the significantly highest survival. A better feed conversion ratio was also observed in T1 (1.75 ± 0.26). Significantly higher protein (16.86 ± 0.36) and fat (2.78 ± 0.02) contents were recorded in the fish body composition in T1. Water quality parameters (temperature: 26.0 ± 1.0 °C, pH: 7.2 ± 0.2, DO: 6.4 ± 0.1 mg/l, NH3-N: 0.002 ± 0.001) recorded throughout the study period were within the suitable range for fish culture. The highest red (119.0 ± 4.85 ×106 µl) and white blood cell (233.2 ± 16.02 ×103 µl), hemoglobin (5.65 ± 0.30 g/dl), total protein (5.50 ± 0.03 g/dl), albumin (1.82 ± 0.06 g/dl), and globulin (3.65 ± 0.15 g/dl) were also observed in T1 indicating optimum condition. Total and net production per cage were the highest in T1 with approximately 50 % increase (88.31 ± 6.72 and 59.27 ± 5.79 kg, respectively) compared to T4. The net income and benefit–cost ratio was increased by approximately 42 % and 30 %, respectively, in T1. Thus, this study recommended an optimal stocking density of 50 fish/m3 for Gulsha tengra to achieve a profitable and robust yield in cage culture.

Housefly maggot meal complement soybean meal in a fish-free diet for hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus ♀ x Heterobranchus longifilis ♂): Effect on growth, body composition, blood biochemistry and antioxidant enzyme activity

A 45-day experiment was designed to study the complementary effect of maggot (Musca domestica) meal (MG) in a fishmeal-free soybean meal (SBM)-based diet on the production performance of African catfish hybrids. Four isoproteic (398.78 g/kg ± 3.23) and iso-energetic (20.23 kJ/g ± 0.15) diets were formulated as positive control (FM-based diet), soybean-based diets (FM-free) and soybean-based diets supplemented with 14 % MG and 21 % MG as complementary ingredients, denoted as FM, SBM, MG14 and MG21, respectively. A total of 180 healthy hybrid catfish (average initial body weight: 4.31 ± 0.04 g) were distinctly stocked into 12 trial tanks (60-L capacity) and fed to apparent satiation twice daily with their respective diets. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed MG21 outperformed those fed other diets in final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and daily growth index (DGI) (p < 0.05). However, MG had no influence on feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or nutrient utilization indices among the groups (p > 0.05). The MG21 supplementation improved the immuno-physiological indices such as white blood cell, lymphocyte count, total protein, and globulin values compared to other groups, while haemoglobin, haematocrit, and red blood cell counts were not affected. Supplementation with MG at 21 % enhanced the antioxidant capacity of hybrid catfish with no detrimental effect on the serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes activities. However, the aspartate aminotransferase was found higher in MG14 and MG21 fed fish compared to other dietary groups. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that maggot meal could be used as a complementary ingredient in place of fishmeal in soybean meal diets for the culture of hybrid African catfish. Data AvailabilityThe data in this article is available upon request from the corresponding author.

DIGE Analysis of ProteoMiner™ Fractionated Serum/Plasma Samples.

The discovery of clinically relevant biomarkers using gel-based proteomics has proven extremely challenging, principally because of the large dynamic range of protein abundances in biofluids such as blood and the fact that only a small number of proteins constitute the vast majority of total blood protein mass. Various separation, depletion, enrichment, and quantitative developments coupled with improvements in gel-based protein quantification technologies, specifically fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), have contributed to significant improvements in the detection and identification of lower abundance proteins. One of these enrichment technologies, ProteoMiner, is the focus of this chapter. The ProteoMiner technology utilizes hexapeptide bead library with huge diversity to bind and enrich low-abundance proteins but at the same time suppresses the concentration of high-abundance proteins in subsequent analysis.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus in Pediatric Patients With Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant.

Tacrolimus was frequently used in pediatric patients with umbilical cord blood transplantfor the prevention of graft-versus-host disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the population pharmacokineticsof tacrolimus among pediatric patients with umbilical cord blood transplant and find potential influenced factors. A total of 275 concentrations from 13 pediatric patients were used to build a polulation pharmacokinetic model using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. The impact of demographic features, biological characteristics, and concomitant medications, including sex, age, body weight, postoperative day, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, albumin, and total protein were investigated. The pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus were best described by a 1-compartment model with first- and zero-order mixed absorption and first-order elimination. The clearance and volume of distribution of tacrolimus were 1.93 L/h and 75.1 L, respectively. A covariate analysis identified that postoperative day and co-administration with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were significant covariates influencing clearance of tacrolimus. Frequent blood monitoring and dose adjustment might be needed with the prolongation of postoperative day and coadministration with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation, Feed Intake, Apparent Digestibility and Performance in Omani Sheep.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of the dietary addition of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder (NLP) when compared to monensin (MON) on ruminal fermentation, feed intake, digestibility, and performance of growing lambs. Eighteen Omani lambs (22.8 ± 2.18 kg of body weight (BW)) were equally divided into three groups (n = 6 lambs/group) for 90 days. Animals were fed an ad lib basal diet consisting of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay (600 g/kg) and a concentrated mixture (400 g/kg) offered twice daily. Experimental treatments were control (basal diet without supplements); MON (control plus 35 mg/kg DM as a positive control); and NLP (control plus 40 g/kg DM). Lambs fed NLP had reduced ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations, protozoal counts, total volatile fatty acid, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations compared to the control. Compared to MON, lambs fed NLP had increased ruminal acetate and decreased propionate proportions. Inclusion of NLP in the diet increased blood total protein, globulin, and liver enzyme concentrations in comparison with the control, which was similar to MON. The lamb's final BW and average BW gain were also increased with the NLP relative to the control. Further, adding NLP to the diet increased the digestibility of crude protein compared to the control diet. In conclusion, adding NLP to the diet with 40 g/kg DM could be used as a promising phytogenic supplement for growing lambs with no detrimental effects on the ruminal fermentation profile, nutrient intake, or digestibility.

Optimizing antidotal treatment with the oral HSP90 inhibitor TAS-116 against hydrochloric acid-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Exposure to high concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) can lead to severe acute and chronic lung injury. In the aftermath of accidental spills, victims may be treated for the acute symptoms, but the chronic injury is often overlooked. We have developed a mouse model of acute and chronic lung injury, in which the peak of acute lung injury occurs on the day 4 after HCl exposure. We have also demonstrated that HSP90 inhibitors are effective antidotes when administered starting 24h after HCl. In this study we examined the hypothesis that the novel oral HSP90 inhibitor TAS-116 can effectively ameliorate HCl-induced lung injury even when treatment starts at the peak of the acute injury, as late as 96h after HCl. C57BI/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with 0.1N HCl. After 24 or 96h, TAS-116 treatment began (3.5, 7 or 14mg/kg, 5 times per week, p. o.) for either 2,3 or 4 orweeks. TAS-116 moderated the HCl-induced alveolar inflammation, as reflected in the reduction of white blood cells and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), overexpression of NLRP3 inflammasome, and inhibited the activation of pro-fibrotic pathways. Furthermore, TAS-116 normalized lung mechanics and decreased the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the lungs of mice exposed to HCl. Delayed and shortened treatment with TAS-116, successfully blocked the adverse chronic effects associated with acute exposure to HCl.

Different genotype and a liquid whey-supplemented diet influence the resilience of pigs through immune-modulation and anti-inflammatory response

This study evaluated (i) whether weight gain and levels of inflammatory and immune markers including white blood cells (WBC), serum haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, albumin, and globulin fractions change between the Nero Siciliano pig breed and the crossbreed Landrace x Large White (LxLW) reared under the same environmental and farming conditions; and (ii) whether a liquid whey diet supplementation affects the investigated parameters in both genotypes. In this study, 10 crossbreed LxLW and 10 Nero Siciliano pigs were given control feed, representing the control groups (CTRC and CTRNS), whereas 10 crossbreed LxLW and 10 Nero Siciliano pigs were given control feed supplemented with liquid whey for 2 months, representing the experimental groups (WC and WNS). From each pig, body weight and blood were collected before experimental diet supplementation (T0), and one (T1) and two (T2) months after the start of the diet supplemented with whey. The white blood cell count (WBC), serum haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, total proteins, albumin and globulin fraction concentration were assessed. Two-way analysis of variance showed an increasing trend of body weight both in the control and experimental groups of the two pig genotypes throughout the monitoring period (p < 0.01) without a significant effect of genotype and diet (p > 0.05). The concentration of haptoglobin, β1- and β2-globulins was affected by pig genotype, diet supplementation, and time (p < 0.01). The values of WBC, C-reactive protein, albumin, α-globulins, and A/G ratio were affected by diet supplementation (p < 0.01) and time (p < 0.01) without an influence of genotype (p > 0.05). Nero Siciliano pigs showed lower levels of haptoglobin, β1-globulin, and β2-globulin compared to crossbreed LxLW. Nero Siciliano pigs and crossbred LxLW fed with liquid whey showed lower levels of WBC, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, α-, β1-, and β2-globulins and higher values of albumin compared to control groups. The results reinforced the hypothesis that autochthonous breeds possess higher resilience to farming conditions when compared to allochthonous breeds. Moreover, an immune-modulatory and an anti-inflammatory power of liquid whey dietary supplementation is suggested probably thanks to its content in natural bioactive substances including anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidative factors.

Organophosphate pesticide exposure and biomarkers of liver injury/liver function.

There is little epidemiological evidence linking the exposure of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) to liver function or liver injury in the general population. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2012 to investigate the relationship of urinary OPs with biomarkers of liver function/liver injury. The exposures were the concentrations of urinary OP metabolites (dimethyl phosphate [DMP], dimethyl thiophosphate [DMTP], diethyl phosphate [DEP] and diethyl thiophosphate [DETP]). The health outcomes were biomarkers of liver function/liver injury. The multivariable linear regression model, restricted cubic splines (RCSs) analysis and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to evaluate the relationship between individual or overall exposure of OPs and outcomes. Regressions of RCSs suggested linear and positive associations of OP metabolites with aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio (DMP and DEP) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index (DMP, DEP and DMTP) (all p-non-linear values >.05). However, L-shaped relationships were found between OP metabolites (DMTP and DETP) and blood albumin and total protein (TP) concentrations (both p and non-linear values <.05). The positive associations of urinary DMP, DEP and DMTP with AST/ALT ratio, and with FIB-4 score were more pronounced among non-smokers than smokers, among alcohol drinkers than non-drinkers and among those with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 than participants with a BMI of <25. However, most of the interaction p values were more than .05, indicating no significant interactions between covariates and OPs on outcomes mainly including AST/ALT, FIB-4, ALB and TP levels. Finally, the WQS indices were positively associated with AST/ALT ratio (p=.014) and FIB-4 score (p=.002). Our study added novel evidence that exposures to OPs might be adversely associated with the biomarkers of liver function/liver injury. These findings indicated the potential toxic effect of OP exposures on the human liver.

Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on testicular histology, semen characteristic, blood plasma parametersand reproductive performance in aged broiler breeder roosters.

Higher long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in roosters' sperm plasma membrane along with age-related decrease in antioxidant defense make the spermatozoa very susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Ginger root contains abundant amounts of gingerol, shogaols, gingerdiol and other active compounds, which known as antioxidant compounds to enhance semen quality. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of ginger root on semen quality, blood chemistry, immune response, testicular histology and reproductive performance of Ross-308 breeder roosters from 47 to 60 weeks of age. The feeding of ginger root resulted in an increase in parameters related to sperm forward motility and seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and following there was a tendency to increase and decrease in seminal superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehydeconcentration, respectively; however, sperm concentration was not affected. There was an increase and tendency to increase in blood total protein and TAC in the supplemented grouprespectively. The roosters fed ginger supplemented diet had a higher spermiation index; and following there was tendency to increase seminal tubes spermatozoids number (p = 0.056) and repopulation index (p = 0.058). Despite the improved seminal antioxidant status and a tendency to lower embryonic mortality in the ginger-received group, the fertility and hatchability rate of roosters were statistically insignificant. Supplementations of ginger root in ageing rooster's diet had a beneficial effect on sperm motility, seminal antioxidant statusand testicular spermiation index.

Pharmacotherapy in a Multidisciplinary Paediatric Hospital: Polypharmacy and Drug–Drug Interaction Risk Illustrated with a Clinical Case

Nowadays, the problems caused by polypharmacy are recognised and widely discussed in the medical community. Multimorbidity, which is not uncommon in paediatric practice, comes with an increase in the number of prescriptions and necessitates an active search for tools to reduce the potential risk and frequency of adverse drug–drug interactions in paediatric patients.The aim of the study was to use a clinical case to illustrate the need for monitoring, including laboratory monitoring of pharmacokinetic parameters, during concomitant therapy in paediatric practice.Materials and methods: the study consisted in a retrospective analysis of the archived medical records of an 11-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome associated with a concomitant tuberculous process who had been receiving inpatient treatment with immunosuppressants at the Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital from May to July 2018.Results: the prescription of cyclosporine for nephrotic syndrome entailed monitoring of plasma drug levels for potential pharmacokinetic interactions with the medicinal products used to treat the concomitant disease. The monitoring revealed an interaction between cyclosporine and rifampicin at the level of biotransformation. An adjustment of the concomitant therapy (discontinuation of rifampicin) allowed for achieving the target blood cyclosporine concentration, decreasing proteinuria and hypercholesterolemia, and increasing the blood total protein level in the child, which indicated the effectiveness of the ongoing treatment for the chief complaint.Conclusions: the data obtained suggest that laboratory monitoring of pharmacokinetic parameters in paediatric polypharmacy can increase the effectiveness of therapy and prevent adverse reactions and irrational combination of medicinal products.

Does the metabolic and behavior daily variation pattern on rams differ in summer and winter?

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the daily variation pattern of testosterone, cortisol, insulin, total blood protein, albumin concentration, glycemia, activity pattern, and surface temperature in 10 Corriedale rams during the breeding (BS) and the non-breeding (NBS) seasons. The surface temperature had a greater mesor but a lower amplitude (P < 0.001), and its’ acrophase was later during the BS than during the NBS. The mesor and amplitude of cortisol were lower during the BS than during the NBS (P = 0.01 for both). The acrophase of the time sleeping and the glycemia:insulin ratio occurred earlier during the BS than during the NBS (P = 0.001 in both). During the BS, there was a greater mesor of testosterone, a greater glycemia (P < 0.001), and a tendency to greater insulin (P = 0.06) than during NBS, but without changes in their daily variation pattern between seasons. In conclusion, some daily variation patterns were robust and maintained despite seasonal variations. Other patterns such as the surface temperature, the behavior pattern, cortisol concentration, and glycemia:insulin ratio were more sensitive to the modulation exerted by environmental variations or the internal changes triggered by them, probably because they are directly involved in favoring the seasonal adaptation in rams.

ALL-066 Safety and Efficacy of Turmeric in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Gut microbiota may have a role in regulating the progress of cancer. Curcumin and its metabolites may have various effects on cancer treatments by eliminating intestinal microflora dysbiosis. To assess the safety and efficacy of curcumin in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and determine whether gut microbiota can be used to predict therapy-related complications. Single-center, open-label prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. All patients underwent detailed clinical assessment and anthropometric measurement. Nutritional assessment was performed using the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), and nutrition risk were assigned based on 3 parameters: nutrition implication of the patient's medical diagnoses, recent nutrition intake, and anthropometrics. Complete blood count, total protein, and albumin were gathered. Fecal samples were collected to detect microbiota quantity. A block-randomization scheme was generated by computer software; patients were randomized between curcumin plus the nutritional standard of care (SOC) and the nutritional SOC only, which consisted of a nutrition program through supplementation of a high-caloric, high-protein diet, tailored according to patients' age and sex for both groups. Curcumin 500 mg was supplemented per oral capsule twice daily for 1 month starting at week 1 of the maintenance phase of chemotherapy. Patients were followed up with once weekly during the curcumin supplementation to monitor compliance and adverse events. All assessments were performed at ALL diagnosis, at week 1 of maintenance phase of chemotherapy, and after 1 month of intervention. Thirty pediatric patients with confirmed ALL were recruited from day 0 of presentation and followed over a 12-month period. The majority of patients were under 10 years of age and presented mainly with fever at time of diagnosis. Their initial nutritional assessment showed STAMP scores of mainly 3 and 4. The curcumin showed a safety profile and was tolerated by most patients. The effects of curcumin on microbiota were studied through assessment of the proportions of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in fecal samples, and the results are in the statistical analysis phase. This interim analysis showed a promising role of curcumin as a nutritional supplement in children with ALL.

Lactobacillus casei (IBRC-M 10,711) ameliorates the growth retardation, oxidative stress, and Immunosuppression induced by malathion toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Abstract Probiotics can functionally improve fish wellbeing and are suggested as antioxidative agents to protect fish from xenobiotics toxicity. Herein, dietary Lactobacillus casei (IBRC-M 10,711) was included in the diets of goldfish (Carassius auratus) to protect against malathion toxicity. Fish (12.47 ± 0.06 g) were randomly allocated to six groups (triplicates), as follows: T1) control; T2) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50; T3) L. casei at 106 CFU/g diet; T4) L. casei at 107 CFU/g diet; T5) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50 + L. casei at 106 CFU/g diet; T6) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50 + L. casei at 107 CFU/g diet. After 60 days, goldfish fed T4 had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P &lt; 0.05). However, the T2 group showed lower FBW, WG, and SGR and higher FCR than fish in T1 (P &lt; 0.05). Fish in the T4 group had the highest blood total proteins, albumin, and globulin, while fish in T2 had the lowest levels (P &lt; 0.05). Fish in the group T2 had the highest triglycerides, cholesterol, cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the blood, while fish fed T4 had the lowest values (P &lt; 0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed the highest activities in T3 and T4 groups, and the lowest SOD was seen in the T2 group, whereas the lowest CAT was seen in the T2, T5, and T6 groups (P &lt; 0.05). Fish in the T5 and T6 groups had higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities than fish in T1 and T2 groups but T3 and T4 groups showed the highest values (P &lt; 0.05). T2 group had the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while T3 and T4 groups had the lowest MDA level (P &lt; 0.05). Blood immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in T3 and T4 groups and lower in the T2 group than in the control (P &lt; 0.05). The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) was significantly higher in T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 groups than in the T1 group (P &lt; 0.05). Skin mucus Ig was significantly higher in T3 and T4 groups and lower in the T2 group than in the control (P &lt; 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity, protease, and ACH50 in the skin mucus samples were in the T4 group, while the lowest values were in the T2 group (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary L. casei protects goldfish from malathion-induced growth retardation, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression.

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) in Nile delta lagoon and its effects on hematological and biochemical parameters in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

ABSTRACT The primary goal of this study is to assess the effects of detergent residues; Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) on hematological and biochemical parameters in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in Burullus and Edku lagoon water. Fish from Burullus and Edku lagoons had lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBC), platelet count, and total serum proteins than Nile River fish, which served as a control site. The number of WBC count, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly increased in Burullus and Edku lagoons compared to Nile River.