Blood Total Protein Research Articles

In vitro and in sacco determining the nutritive value of button mushroom stipe and its application in growing lambs diet

Feed shortage is one of the major challenges in livestock production systems in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Hence, wastes of nutritional value from the agro-alimentary industry could be considered as by-product feedstuffs, reducing diet costs in these regions. The current study aimed at determining in vitro and in sacco nutritive value of button mushroom stipe (BMS) and investigating its potential in growing lambs diet. For this purpose, three experiments (Exp.) were conducted. Ruminal degradability characteristics, and gas production kinetics, and energetic value of BMS compared with alfalfa were determined by the nylon bag and gas production techniques in Exp.1 and Exp.2, respectively. In Exp.3, 24 Mehraban growing lambs were assigned randomly to one of the three dietary treatments: (1) the basal ration without BMS (CTRL); (2) and (3) inclusion of 10 and 20% (DM basis) of BMS in the basal ration (BMS10 and BMS20, respectively), to determine their growth performance and the rations digestibility. The soluble (a) and slowly degradable (b) fractions, and degradation rate of ‘b’ fraction of the BMS crude protein (CP) was 43, 59%, and 0.034, respectively. The metabolisable energy (ME) content of BMS was 20.6% lower than that in alfalfa. The inclusion of BMS in the ration of lambs did not affect their growth performance, but reduced diet cost by 7.2 and 14.5% in BMS10 and BMS20, respectively. The BMS tended to increase (p = .089) the blood total protein in lambs fed BMS10 and tended to decrease (p = .07) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in BMS-based diets. These results reveal that BMS has a slow ruminal degradability and fermentation that can reduce diet cost by partially replacing conventional feedstuffs in the ruminant diet without adversely affecting their health and performance. Highlights The button mushroom stipe (BMS) by-product has relatively high crude protein and acceptable energy contents with a slow ruminal degradability. Including BMS in the diet of growing lambs reduced diet costs, while improving fairly their growth performance, implying that BMS can be considered as a cost-effective by-product feedstuff in a ruminant diet. The inclusion of BMS in the diet of lambs decreased ruminal ammonia production, which can reduce the environmental impact of ruminant production systems.

Gender and age-specific eating behaviour in urban populations at risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases: an observational cohort study

Background. Nonrational nutrition is among main risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs) that can be contained via adopting and motivating population to a healthy diet by clarifying territorial, gender and age-specific eating behaviours.Objectives. A study of urban gender and age-specific eating behaviours associated with universal and metabolic CNCD risk factors.Methods. An observational cohort study has been conducted with 1,317 urban residents (657 men and 660 women) aged 18–74 years at Kuban State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, using anonymous surveys on food preferences, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity (PA), as well as physical examination, anthropometry, electrocardiography (ECG) and biochemical blood tests.Results. Urban residents revealed low-physical activity (PA) (88%), overweight and obesity (33%), high tobacco (65%) and alcohol use (39%) in men, high metabolic risk by waist/hip circumference (33.7%) and significant polymorbidity in hypertension (3 to 8 diseases per person). The urban dietary pattern can be described “intermediate” by the co-presence of rational and nonrational ingredients in diet. Rational ingredients prevailed in women and elderly people. Elevated total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, uric acid, urea, creatinine and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein in blood were associated with foods intake like chips and breadsticks, potatoes, sweet drinks, confectionery and borscht.Conclusion. Adopting measures to rational nutrition in population may comprise a clear declaration of dysmetabolic nature of specific foods, eating behaviour monitoring and motivated self-control of body mass index and waist girth beyond medical check-ups.

Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Training Program in Orthopedic Nursing of Patients with Residual Limb Injury Caused by Crush.

This study was developed to explore the role and application value of a comprehensive rehabilitation training (CRT) program based on the remote monitoring system of limb rehabilitation training (LRT-RM system) in the rehabilitation nursing of patients with residual limb injuries caused by crush. The LRT-RM system was constructed based on the characteristics of limb movement and using the time-domain analysis method and support vector machine (SVM). The 84 crush injury patients were selected as the research objects and divided into a control group (Con group, received conventional rehabilitation therapy) and a CRT group (received conventional rehabilitation therapy + functional training) according to different therapies, with 42 people in each group. The incidence of compound injuries and the incidence of residual limb injuries were counted and compared for patients in two groups. The differences in renal function, blood electrolytes, and biochemical indicators before and after treatment were analyzed. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scale was selected to evaluate the improvement of physical and mental health of the patients before treatment and 1 month (time point (TP1)), 3 months (TP2), 6 months (TP3), and 12 months (TP4) after the treatment. It was found that, after the intervention, the values of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), K+, P3+, and white blood cells (WBC) of patients in CRT group were obviously lower than those of Con group (P < 0.05), and the values of carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), Ca2+, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) were obviously higher than the values in Con group (P < 0.05). In the CRT group, the residual limb injury rate was lower in elbow, wrist, shoulder joint, ankle joint, and toe (P < 0.05) and extremely lower in knee joint in contrast to that in the Con group (P < 0.001). The score of SF-36 was dramatically higher than that in the Con group (P < 0.05). It suggested that the CRT program based on the LRT-RM system was helpful for the rehabilitation of patients with crush injuries, and it can reduce the incidence of residual limb injuries in patients. Results of this study could provide a reference basis for the treatment of residual limb injuries caused by crush.

Global Loss of Core 1-Derived O-Glycans in Mice Leads to High Mortality Due to Acute Kidney Failure and Gastric Ulcers.

The core 1 structure is the major constituent of mucin-type O-glycans, which are added via glycosylation—a posttranslational modification present on membrane-bound and secretory proteins. Core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1galt1), an enzyme that synthesizes the core 1 structure, requires Cosmc, a C1galt1-specific molecular chaperone, for its enzymatic activity. Since Cosmc-knockout mice exhibit embryonic lethality, the biological role of core 1-derived O-glycans in the adult stage is not fully understood. We generated ubiquitous and inducible CAGCre-ERTM/Cosmc-knockout (iCAG-Cos) mice to investigate the physiological function of core 1-derived O-glycans. The iCAG-Cos mice exhibited a global loss of core 1-derived O-glycans, high mortality, and showed a drastic reduction in weights of the thymus, adipose tissue, and pancreas 10 days after Cosmc deletion. They also exhibited leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, severe acute pancreatitis, and atrophy of white and brown adipose tissue, as well as spontaneous gastric ulcers and severe renal dysfunction, which were considered the causes underlying the high mortality of the iCAG-Cos mice. Serological analysis indicated the iCAG-Cos mice have lower blood glucose and total blood protein levels and higher triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol levels than the controls. These data demonstrate the importance of core 1-derived O-glycans for homeostatic maintenance in adult mice.

Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Relieves the Impacts of Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity on the Growth Performance, Hepatorenal Functions, and Antioxidative Capacity of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada) (Risso 1826).

Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was used to relieve the impacts of aflatoxin B1 toxicity on the performances of Liza ramada. The control diet was without any additives, while the second and third diets were supplemented with aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1mg/kg. The fourth diet was supplemented with Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 106CFU/mL per kg diet, while the fifth with aflatoxin B1 at 1mg/kg and Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 at 1 × 106CFU/mL per kg diet. The growth performance markedly increased (p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356, while aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1mg/kg groups showed a severe reduction. The red blood cells, hemoglobulin, hematocrit, and white blood cells were markedly increased in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while decreased (p < 0.05) in fish fed aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1mg/kg. The blood total protein and albumin were markedly increased (p < 0.05) in L. ramada fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while reduced in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1mg/kg groups. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were meaningfully increased in fish of the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and aflatoxin B1 at 1mg/kg groups while decreased in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1mg/kg groups. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea levels were markedly decreased (p < 0.05) in fish-fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 while increased in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1mg/kg groups. The highest levels of blood glucose and cortisol were seen in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at 1mg/kg, while the lowest levels were observed in the fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group (p < 0.05). The catalase and superoxide dismutase were markedly enhanced in the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 group and severely declined in aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1mg/kg groups (p < 0.05). The malondialdehyde level was markedly reduced in fish fed Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B1 at 1mg/kg diets while increased in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at 0.5 and 1mg/kg (p < 0.05). The control group had lower malondialdehyde levels than the aflatoxin B1 at 1mg/kg group and higher than the Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 with or without aflatoxin B1 toxicity (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed impaired intestines and livers in fish contaminated with aflatoxin B1 while Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 relieves the inflammation and protected the intestines and livers. In conclusion, dietary Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 is recommended to relieve the impacts of aflatoxicosis-induced hepatorenal failure and oxidative stress in L. ramada.

Morphometrics and blood analytes of leatherback sea turtle hatchlings (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida: reference intervals, temporal trends with clutch deposition date, and body size correlations.

The northwest Atlantic leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) population is exhibiting decreasing trends along numerous nesting beaches. Since population health and viability are inherently linked, it is important to establish species- and life-stage class-specific blood analyte reference intervals (RIs) so that effects of future disturbances on organismal health can be better understood. For hatchling leatherbacks, the objectives of this study were to (1) establish RIs for morphometrics and blood analytes; (2) evaluate correlations between hatchling morphometrics, blood analytes, and hatching success; and (3) determine temporal trends in hatchling morphometrics and blood analytes across nesting season. Blood samples were collected from 176 naturally emerging leatherback hatchlings from 18 clutches. Reference intervals were established for morphometrics and blood analytes. Negative relationships were noted between hatchling mass and packed cell volume, total white blood cells, heterophils, lymphocytes, and total protein and between body condition index (BCI) and immature red blood cells (RBC), RBC polychromasiaand anisocytosis, and total protein. Clutch deposition date showed positive relationships with lymphocytes and total protein, and negative relationships with hatchling mass and BCI. Hatching success was positively correlated with mass, and negatively with total protein and glucose, suggesting that nutritional provisions in eggs, incubation time, and/or metabolic rates could change later in the season and affect survivorship. These various observed correlations provide evidence for increased physiological stress (e.g., inflammation, subclinical dehydration) in hatchlings emerging later in nesting season, presumably due to increased nest temperatures or other environmental factors (e.g., moisture/rainfall). Data reported herein provide morphometric and blood analyte data for leatherback hatchlings and will allow for future investigations into spatiotemporal trends and responses to various stressors.

THROMBOCYTES AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT RESULTS OF HEALING OF FACIAL SOFT TISSUES

The ability to regenerate is inherent in every tissue of the human body. The problem of pathological wound healing remains relevant due to the growing aesthetic requirements of patients. The regenerative ability of damaged tissues ensures the restoration of function. Purpose of the study. Analyze some biochemical parameters of blood in patients with different results of healing of wounds of soft tissues of the face. Material and methods of research. Based on the results of the conducted studies, the regenerative ability of damaged tissues was studied. During hospitalization, general clinical studies were conducted. A series of laboratory tests (general and biochemical blood tests) was performed in patients of the main and control groups (with and without complications, respectively). A comprehensive study of the course of the wound process was conducted in 30 patients with wounds of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Patients range in age from 18 to 69 years. The average age of patients is 43.5 years. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using the Microsoft Excel program. Results and their discussion. The obtained results of statistical analysis p&lt;0.01 indicate a significant difference in biochemical parameters in patients with suture divergence and without complications of wound healing. Conclusions. Based on the conducted studies, the level of total blood protein and platelet count are important components of the body’s regeneration potential, as they reflect the body’s readiness to repair damaged tissues. A significant decrease in total blood protein levels and platelet count may be a risk factor for postoperative wound healing complications. Analysis of laboratory tests builds an important foundation for predicting possible complications, drawing up a treatment plan, and correcting existing somatic diseases. According to the author, it is important to conduct repeated studies, which makes it possible to determine the course of the infectious process and the effectiveness of treatment.

Influence of feeding conditions on substance exchange rates in pigs

The article examines the influence of feeding conditions of suckling piglets on the indicators of their protein, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin metabolism. The purpose of the scientific and economic experiment was to establish the effect of the suckling regime of piglets on their metabolic rates. For this purpose, 4 groups of sows with three heads in each were formed on the principle of analogues. Five days after farrowing, 10 piglets were left in each nest during weaning. This took into account their live weight at birth and at 5 days of age. The sows of the control group fed 10 piglets, while the sows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups fed 20, 30 and 40 piglets, respectively. After the piglets reached 5 days of age, the suckling regime, except for the animals of the control group, was artificially regulated. To do this, sows were expelled for the time provided by the scheme of the experiment on the playground, where they received according to the norms of feeding standard feed. The suckling piglets received cow's milk and weaning from a place where they were fed, and had free access to feed according to age. Studies have shown that reducing the amount of suckling piglets to 8-24 times a day compared to piglets that had free access to the sow is accompanied by an increase in blood total protein, non-esterified fatty acids, calcium, phosphorus, carotene and vitamin A. The level of creatine kinase and lipase in the blood of suckling piglets decreased to 8-24 times during the day. It was found that different subsystem regimes and the associated unequal feed intake of piglets, which regulated the time between pods, led to a decrease in their blood total lipids and phospholipids, immunoglobulins, hemoglobin and alkaline blood capacity compared to piglets that had free access. to the sow during the weaning period.

Interpreting abdominal fluid in colic horses: Understanding and applying peritoneal fluid evidence.

Interpreting changes in peritoneal fluid helps clinicians manage colic and other diseases in horses. During abdominal problems in the horse, abdominal fluid characteristics such as color, turbidity, total nucleated and red blood cell counts, cytology, total protein, and l-lactate change in predictable ways, helping the clinician characterize the disease. Normal abdominal fluid in horses is odorless, clear to light yellow in color, and transparent. Peritoneal fluid becomes more turbid with increasing levels of protein, number of WBCs or RBCs, or with gross contamination following intestinal rupture. The color of abdominal fluid will also change with the type and quantity of cells or other elements present. The transformation of peritoneal fluid color from golden to orange to red represents increasing levels of RBCs, common with strangulating intestinal lesions. Serosanguinous defines fluid that is both turbid and orange to bloody because of increased total protein, WBCs, and RBCs, and is considered classic for diseases characterized by intestinal ischemia. Peritoneal fluid may also be red or blood-colored because of a hemoperitoneum, or secondary to blood contamination during sample collection. l-Lactate measurement in the abdominal fluid has proven invaluable for the identification of strangulating intestinal injury. Cytology acts as an important supplement to cell counts in peritoneal fluid, and the normal ratio of non-degenerate neutrophils:mononuclear cells of 2:1 changes during various gastrointestinal diseases. Culture of peritoneal fluid samples should be performed when septic peritonitis is suspected. Abdominal fluid is a sensitive indicator of intestinal injury and a useful tool to direct treatment. Peritoneal fluid evaluation includes gross visual and olfactory examination, nucleated cell count, total protein, RBC count, lactate levels, cytology, and culture. The changes noted in such variables are related to the type and duration of the abdominal problem. Abdominal fluid interpretation has become central to the triage and management of challenging equine colic patients. The transformation of peritoneal fluid color from golden to orange to red represents increasing levels of RBCs, common with strangulating intestinal lesions. Contamination with RBCs at various concentrations may be secondary to vascular (eg, abdominal wall or mesenteric vessels) or splenic trauma during abdominal fluid collection; however, this must be distinguished from orange to red fluid associated with intestinal strangulating obstruction or hemoabdomen Peritoneal fluid analysis reveals abdominal pathology by recognizing specific changes that occur with disease processes affecting the tissues and organs within this cavity. Abdominal fluid examination should be used as a tool to direct treatment rather than the definitive test for diagnosis of the acute abdomen Septic peritonitis in horses most commonly originates secondary to intestinal compromise or accidents (vascular damage, perforation, or surgical manipulation), leading to bacterial translocation into the abdomen.

Effect of gentamicin on renal function, oxidative stress, and some markers of antioxidants in male rats

Gentamicin overdose is a frequent cause of nephrotoxicity and possible death, so this study aimed to investigate the effect of gentamicin on serum renal enzyme, oxidative stress, and some markers of antioxidants in male rats. Methods: A total of 20 rats (3 to 6 months old) raised at high ambient temperature were divided into two equal groups, 10 rats each. The first control group was administered normal saline and the second group of rats was treated with gentamycin (80 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection) for 30 days. Blood samples were drawn to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, serum creatinine, total protein, glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) levels, and activities were evaluated. Results: In the gentamicin-treated group, significant increases in blood urea nitrogen activities, serum creatinine, total protein activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) and glutathione activities were determined compared to the control group. Conclusion: Administration of gentamycin produces notable biochemical changes in a dose-dependent manner associated with increased renal enzyme, markers of oxidative stress, and decreased antioxidant activity.

Impact of Pre-transport Feed Withdrawal on Welfare and Meat Characteristics of European Quails

The objective of this study was evaluate whether pretransport feed withdrawal affects welfare, carcass, and meat characteristics of European quails. A total of 120 European quails were used, with an initial age of 15 days. Bird feed was removed before transport to the slaughterhouse at the following times, which characterised the different treatments: zero hours, three hours, six hours, nine hours and twelve hours. The transport took 54 minutes to cover 27 kilometres to a commercial slaughterhouse. The birds were slaughtered at 41 days of age. During bleeding, blood samples were collected. Blood glucose, total protein, albumin, uric acid, and corticosterone concentrations were measured. The carcasses and meat characteristics were measured. Poultry body weight decreased and blood glucose concentrations increased with the increase in feed withdrawal time. The treatments did not affect carcass weights. Carcass yields after three hours fasting were similar to those in the six hours and nine hours groups, indicating that gastrointestinal tracts were empty after the third hour. Meat quality was negatively affected (pH, lightness, water holding capacity, cooking loss) by the increase in feed withdrawal time; integrated parameters that characterise dark, firm, dry meat. Pre transport feed withdrawal time should be three hours to empty the gastrointestinal tract and minimise losses in meat quality of European quails. It is necessary to adjust feed withdrawal so that it does not exceed this time, since there is no technical justification for supporting it.

Medium-Term outcomes after Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass: Experience from a Tertiary Healthcare Center from India

Background: Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been highly effective in weight loss and it has been the procedure of choice for patients suffering from diabetes. There is a high attrition rate in long-term follow-up. Hence, limited long-term data are available. Methodology: We collected retrospectively data from a prospectively maintained institutional database. To increase the long-term follow-up rate, a telephonic interview was conducted with patients who had not come for long-term follow-up. Standard definitions were used for weight loss, weight regain, comorbidities, comorbidity resolution, and nutritional parameters. Results: Of 142 patients who underwent laparoscopic RYGB between 2008 and 2018, 125 patients (M: 33, F: 92; Age: 42.4 ± 5.2 years) were included in the study. The mean % weight loss at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years was 28.9, 31.8, 31.3, and 31.7, respectively. Mean % excess body mass index loss (% EBMIL) at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years was 67.6 ± 18, 73.7 ± 17.9, 71.7 ± 20.7, and 69.5 ± 24.6, respectively. Median weight regain at 3, 5, and 7 years was 8.4%, 12.7%, and 24% of weight lost. Significant weight regain was seen in 1 patient at 3 years and 3 patients at 5 and 7 years of follow-up. Among patients suffering from diabetes, 50.9% had remission and 45.3% had improvement at 1 year. At 5 years, this was 56% and 40%, respectively. Among patients suffering from hypertension, at 5 years, remission was seen in 11 (64.7%) out of 17. Significant improvements were seen in hypothyroidism, OSA, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and lipid profile. There was a statistically significant decrease in mean levels of fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hemoglobin, serum calcium, insulin, c-peptide, serum albumin, and total protein and there was an increase in mean Vitamin D levels at 1 year follow-up. There was a decrease in mean levels of folate, total iron-binding capacity, parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase and an increase in mean Vitamin B12, iron, and ferritin postsurgery. However, this was statistically not significant. Nutritional deficiencies were noted. Seven complications were noted out of 142 procedures and no surgery-related mortality. Three patients had significant weight regain beyond 5 years. Conclusion: RYGB is a safe and effective bariatric procedure with well-sustained results in long run. Nutritional supplementation is required to correct deficiencies.

Effects of

Context In-feed antibiotics are commonly used to improve growth and gut health of weaning pigs. Due to anti-microbial resistance by extensively using antibiotics, however, in-feed antibiotics have been banned in Europe and China. Tremella fuciformis is a traditional edible fungus in China. Recent studies have found that Tremella fuciformis extract (TFE) has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immune-modulatory functions. Therefore, there is the potential to develop Tremella fuciformis as an alternative to antibiotics. Aims The study was performed to explore the effects of TFE on growth performance, and biochemical and immunological parameters of weaned piglets under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Methods Forty-eight weaned piglets were assigned into two groups with six pens (four piglets per-pen), receiving a control diet or a control diet with 400 mg/kg TFE (TFE), respectively. After 28 days of the trial, two piglets per pen were selected to be injected with LPS (50 μg/kg of BW) or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were collected at 0 and 3 h after LPS challenge. Key results The results showed that TFE supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased the faecal score (P &lt; 0.05) during the first week, improved the feed conversion ratio (P &lt; 0.05) and BWt gain (P &lt; 0.05) during the whole period. Piglets fed the TFE diet had higher plasma levels of white blood cells (P &lt; 0.05) than that of piglets fed the control diet diet before the LPS challenge. Regardless of the dietary treatment, the LPS challenge significantly decreased the level of white blood cells, and increased the levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, total protein, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α (all P &lt; 0.05). Regardless of the LPS challenge, however, the concentrations of total protein, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α were decreased (all P &lt; 0.05) in the plasma of piglets fed the TFE diet compared with the control diet diet. Conclusions In summary, the supplementation of TFE in the weaning diet could improve the growth performance and immunity of piglets. Implication TFE could be used as a bioactive substance for improving growth and immune response in pig production.

Preclinical evaluation from in-silico to in-vivo study of polyherbal microsponge sunscreen gel.

Electromagnetic spectrum of the UV region predominantly becomes the reason for skin's detrimental effects that give the genesis of innumerable skin ailments; because of this reason, the sunscreen products are required before condition in day to day lifestyle; products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, shampoos, and other hair and skin preparations are accessible and accompanied by sunscreen properties, but they do not provide extended effect, also causes side effects due to harsh chemicals. The present study focuses on the effects of polyherbal extracts containing Microsponge gel for the protection of skin from ultraviolet rays. In the present research, already prepared Microsponge gel through quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) technique was used for the HPLC, in-silico, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and in-vivo study. AdmetSAR software tool was utilized for the in-silico study, whereas for the in-vivo study, UV radiations are given on Albino rats using solarimeter. Results shown the active constituents are non-carcinogenic and non-toxic; IC50 values show good antioxidant activity and minimal effect of UV radiations after application of the gel formulation on animal skin. The results manifest prominent effects on animal skin further test for presence of ascorbic acid level and total protein in blood further verify the efficacy of the formulation. The study consequently established a strong ground for further extensive clinical studies.

The Effect of Magnetic Water on The Production and Physiological Traits in The Quail (Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758))

An experiment is conducted to determine the effect of magnetic water on the production performance and blood characteristics of common quail, Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758). The experimental treatments included T1 = control treatment, T2 = drinking water magnetization at1000 gauss, T3 = drinking water magnetization at 1500 gauss, T4 = diet sprayed with magnetized water 1000 gauss, T5 = diet sprayed with magnetized water 1500 gauss, each treatment with three replicates. The results showed significant superiority of control group in the body weight, weight gain and feed intake compared with treated groups. The egg shell thickness of T2 showed a significant decrease compared to other groups. The third treatment showed a significant superiority in red blood cell count compared with T1, T4 and T5, while T5 appeared significant reduction in white blood cell count compared with other treatments. There was significant reduction in blood glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride in T4 compared with control.

Does the use of lactic acid as an antibiotic substitute in broiler diets affect growth, carcass traits, blood indices and intestinal microbiota?

The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of lactic acid (LAC) as an antibiotic alternative in broiler diets on growth performance, carcass traits, blood indices and intestinal microbial load. A total of 300 broiler chicks one day old (Ross 208) were allotted to five experimental groups in a complete randomized design experiment. Each group was subdivided into six replicates, each of ten unsexed chicks. The treatments were as follows: NC: negative control (basal diet); PC: positive control (basal diet + 0.5 g Colistin® antibiotic/kg diet); LAC2, LAC4, and LAC6: basal diet + 2, 4, and 6 cm3 lactic acid/kg diet, respectively. Results showed no significant effects of dietary treatments (antibiotic or lactic acid) on growth performance traits (body weight, BW; daily body weight gain, DBWG; feed intake, FI and feed conversion ratio, FCR) and carcass characteristics except for Thigh %. All blood biochemical traits were affected (p > 0.01) by dietary treatments. The highest values of blood total protein and albumin were found in birds of LAC2 group. Adding graded doses of LAC to broiler diets inhibited the activity of liver enzymes and reduced the concentration of blood urea. The positive effect of LAC supplementation excelled that of antibiotics regarding the antioxidant status parameters. The lowest pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella) were recorded by LAC4 and LAC6 groups. It could be concluded that dietary supplementation of lactic acid did not significantly affect most growth performance traits. But its use could have beneficial impacts on blood parameters, oxidative status and intestinal microbial counts. Based on our results, the highest level (6 cm3 LAC/kg diet) is the recommended level for the best results.

Dietary Bacillus subtilis relieved the growth retardation, hepatic failure, and antioxidative depression induced by ochratoxin A in Thinlip Mullet (Liza ramada)

Mycotoxicosis is a severe challenge in the aquafeed industry and is involved in low productivity and high economic loss. On this occasion, available dietary supplements, including probiotics, may relieve the impacts of mycotoxicosis on the performances of aquatic animals. In this study, four test diets were prepared to test the effects of Bacillus subtilis (BS), ochratoxin A (OTA), and their mixture (BS/OTA) on the performances of Mullet (Liza ramada). Fish of similar initial weight (11.38 ± 0.24 g) were divided into four groups stocked in triplicate hapas (0.5 ×0.5 ×1 m) at 15 fish per hapa. Fish fed the control diet (without BS or OTA), BS (2 × 106 CFU/g), OTA (1 mg/kg) or BS (2 × 106 CFU/g) and OTA (1 mg/kg) (BS/OTA). After eight weeks, the final weight (FBW) and specific growth rate (SGR) were markedly enhanced by dietary BS and reduced by OTA contamination, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was meaningfully reduced by dietary BS and increased by OTA. The hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs) were markedly lowered by OTA toxicity. Fish fed BS, or BS/OTA diets showed no significant differences with the control in terms of Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs (p ˃ 0.05). The BS-fed fish showed the same normal intestinal and liver structure with an improved appearance of intestinal villi. The OTA-exposed fish showed deterioration of intestinal mucosa and stunted growth of intestinal villi with severe liver vascular dilatation and congestion in addition to hepatocytes degeneration. The combination of BS with OTA alleviated the pathological effect of individual OTA on the intestinal villi, improved intestinal morphology, and restored the normal hepatic structures with mild periductal inflammatory reaction around the bile duct. The blood total protein and albumin levels were markedly increased by dietary BS and lowered by OTA. Fish fed BS/OTA diet had higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urea than fish fed the control but lower than those contaminated with OTA. The catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were markedly increased by dietary BS and lowered by OTA toxicity. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was decreased by dietary BS and increased by OTA toxicity. Interestingly, fish fed the control and BS/OTA diet had similar FBW, SGR, FCR, survival rates, Hb, PCV, RBCs, WBCs, creatinine, CAT, GPx, SOD, and MDA levels. In conclusion, dietary B. subtilis relieved the negative impacts of OTA contamination via protecting fish's intestine, liver, and kidney function.

Mannan Oligosaccharide Enhanced the Growth Rate, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Carcass Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada).

Simple SummarySustainable aquaculture requires natural alternative substances with high potential in enhancing the performance and wellbeing of aquatic animals. In this regard, the present study tested the possibility of using mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) in the diets of grey mullet as functional additives. For 8 weeks, fish were fed with enriched diets containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% MOS. The results showed marked improvements in the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, blood chemistry, and antioxidative capacity. In conclusion, dietary MOS at 0.5–1% is required to enhance the productivity of grey mullet.Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) is prebiotic with high functionality in aquaculture. The current study investigated the potential roles of MOS on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, carcass composition, and blood chemistry of Thinlip grey mullet (Liza ramada). Four tested diets with 34.49% crude protein and 6.29% of total lipids were prepared and fortified with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% MOS. Fish of initial weight = 5.14 ± 0.11 g/fish were distributed in 12 hapas (0.5 × 0.5 × 1 m) at 15 fish per hapa (triplicates) and fed the test diets to the satiation level two times a day (08:00 and 15:00) for eight weeks. At the end of the trial, all fish were weighed individually for growth performance calculation. Blood was collected to check blood chemistry traits, and intestines were dissected for digestive enzyme analysis. Fish treated with MOS had marked enhancement in the final body weight, feed conversion ratio, protein gain, and protein retention regardless of inclusion dose (p < 0.05). The weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 0.5 and 1%, followed by fish fed with 2% MOS, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). Insignificant influences of MOS were seen on the chemical composition of carcass components (moisture, crude protein, total lipids, and ash) (p > 0.05). Fish treated with MOS at 0.5 and 1% had marked enhancement in the amylase, lipase, and protease activities regardless of inclusion dose (p < 0.05). The blood total protein and albumin levels were meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 0.5 and 1%, followed by fish fed with 2% MOS, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). The blood globulin was significantly enhanced in fish fed 1% MOS than fish treated with 0, 0.5, and 2% of MOS (p < 0.05). The blood lysozyme activity was meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 1%, followed by fish treated with 0.5 and 2%, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). Phagocytic activity and phagocytic index were markedly improved in fish treated with 1 and 2% MOS, followed by those fed 0.5% compared with fish fed MOS-free diet (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were markedly improved in fish treated with 1, and 2% MOS, followed by those fed 0.5% compared with fish fed MOS-free diet (p < 0.05). Dietary MOS (0.5, 1, and 2%) meaningfully enhanced catalase activity while decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary MOS is required at 0.5–1% for enhancing the growth rate, feed efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, blood chemistry, and antioxidative capacity of grey mullet.

Chronic intracellular hypoxia as a clustering and stratifying factor for clinical severity grade in nephrotic syndrome in children

Abstract. Nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular kidney disease in childhood. It is known that chronic hypoxia is a severe disorder and potent factor of kidney damage. The limited success of existing therapeutic strategies in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease requires the study of new ways to assess and interpret the levels of chronic intracellular hypoxia concerning basic clinical data, grades of NS activity in children, type of therapeutic response.&#x0D; The study aimed to investigate the state of transcription factor and marker of intracellular hypoxia HIF-1alfa in children with different degrees of change in basic clinical and laboratory parameters; to evaluate HIF-1alfa as a possible factor of stratification of activity grade of nephrotic syndrome.&#x0D; Methods. This case-control study was carried out in the duration from June 2018 to August 2020. The study was conducted on 35 selected patients with NS collected from the nephrology department, Pediatric Clinical Hospital №7 (Kyiv, Ukraine). Plasma samples were used to measure marker intracellular hypoxia HIF-1alfa. ANOVA followed by the post hoc Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons was used to test the significance of differences. GraphPad Prism 9.0 Software for Windows and Statistica 10.0 software used. P values &lt;0,05 considered statistically significant.&#x0D; Results. Three groups of children with different activity grades were stratified on basis of indicators of proteinuria levels, total blood protein, blood alpha2-globulin levels, serum cholesterol levels, and edema. 1st-grade group found to have a mild increase of HIF-1alfa up to 185-195 a.u. proteinuria 3,5-5,5 g/24 h, total blood protein 47-53 g/L, alfa2-globulins level in blood 20-23 g/L, serum cholesterol level 6-8,5 mMol/L, edema - 1-1.6 points. 2nd grade group found to have moderate increase of HIF-1alfa up to 195,1-205 a.u., proteinuria 5,51-8,5 g/24 h, total blood protein 46,9-40 g/L, alfa2-globulins level in blood 23,1-27 g/L, serum cholesterol level 8.51-10,5 mMol/L, edema 1.61-2.2 points. 3rd-grade group found to have pronounced increase of HIF-1alfa up to 205,1-220 a.u., proteinuria 8,51-14 g/24 h, total blood protein 39,9-32 g/L, alfa2-globulins level in blood 27,1-30 g/L, serum cholesterol level 10.51-13.5 mMol/L, edema 2.21-3 points. Higher HIF-1alfa level appears in children with NS and frequent relapses as compared to the group with rare relapses.&#x0D; Conclusion. Thus, the increase of HIF-1 alpha to the level of 185-205 a.u., which corresponds to the I-II degree of activity in children with NS can be used as a starting point and therapeutic window for specific anti-hypoxic and antioxidant interventions. Determination of HIF-1 alpha levels in children with NS can be used as a factor for stratification of the activity grade.

Influence of diets supplemented with naturally protected or unprotected eucalyptus oil on methane production and lactating buffalo productivity.

This study was designed to investigate the influence of naturally protected eucalyptus oil supplementation in a form of leaves (EUL) or mature seed capsules (EUS) compared to crude eucalyptus oil (EUO). The control group (G1) received a diet containing concentrate feed mixture, fresh berseem, rice straw, and corn silage, whereas the G2, G3, and G4 animals have a diet supplemented with 200g/head/day of EUL or EUS or 4mL/head/day EUO, respectively. Supplementation of EUL or EUS increased NH3-N, short-chain fatty acids, and concentrations of acetic acid in vitro. Bacterial total count, protozoa, and cellulolytic bacteria increased (P < 0.05) with EUL and EUS supplementation. Methane production dropped (P < 0.05) with EUS, EUL, and EUO supplementation. Milk fat decreased (P < 0.05) with EUO supplementation, while an adverse trend was shown for lactose. No differences in feed conversion were found among EUS, EUL, and EUO. Blood total protein, albumin, and urea increased (P < 0.05) with supplementation of EUL or EUS compared to EUO. EUO supplementation yielded increased (P < 0.05) AST, ALT, glucose, and creatinine. Supplementation with EUL, EUS, or EUO decreased (P < 0.05) DM, OM, and CP digestibility, while digestibility of EE with supplementation by EUL, EUS, or EUO was higher (P < 0.05). The digestion coefficient of NDF and ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with supplemental EUL, EUS, or EUO compared to the G1 diet. Feeding EUS increased the values of TDN and DCP compared to EUL, which increased than EUO. Our results confirm that the naturally protected form of leaves or seeds mitigates the undesirable effects of directly supplementing crude eucalyptus oil.