Topics In Physics Research Articles

Applications and Topics of Physics in Surgery

Physics has many applications in medicine and surgery, it has allowed new ways of curing a patient and, in some cases, has replaced surgery altogether. This essay will discuss various topics, procedures and innovations in surgery that require physics.

EVAPORATION OF METHYLATED SPIRIT AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF RADIOACTIVITY DEMONSTRATION IN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVELS

Practical demonstrations by teacher and learner, especially in Science Education, make teaching-learning process pragmatic, learner-centred, easier to understand, and more appreciated. Also, it has been observed that radioactivity is one of the important topics in Physics and Chemistry at Secondary School levels. Unfortunately, its concept appears abstract and illusion in the minds of the learners due to lack of practical demonstrations or experimentation of the theory. The reason for such deficiency may be attributed to hazardous nature of radioactive substances, strict legal regulations on their exposures (both at the international and domestic levels), associated risk during transportation and handling, etc. The essence of this research is to devise a way of practically demonstrating radioactivity by utilising a non-radioactive substance that is cheaply available with high level of sustainability and potential to exhibit decay. Specifically, methylated spirit was used as the non-radioactive substance in this study. It was put in a syringe clamped vertically with an open end facing up and timing of its evaporation was performed separately for intervals of 10 minutes and 15 minutes. In each case, the volume of the methylated spirit left was recorded and the data obtained were analysed It was observed that the volume – time relationships were of exponential decay characteristic supported by empirical formula governing radioactivity, notwithstanding the time intervals considered. For 10 minutes interval consideration, the results showed evaporation constant (which is analogous to decay constant), and half-life to be 8.14 x 10-4 min-1, and 851.4 minutes respectively whereas in the case of 15 minutes interval, they were found to be 8.40 x 10-4 min-1, and 825.0 minutes respectively. Hence, it could be adjudged that methylated spirit is a promising non-radioactive substance for practical experiment/demonstration to make teaching and learning of radioactivity learner-centred for a better understanding of the topic in Physics and Chemistry at Secondary School levels.

Preface

The 47th Vietnam Conference on Theoretical Physics (VCTP-47) was held during 1-4 August 2022 in Tuy Hoa city, Phu Yen province, Viet Nam.The VCTP-47 was organized by the Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) under the auspices of the Vietnamese Theoretical Physics Society (VTPS).The VCTP, formerly known as NCTP, has been an annual activity of VTPS since 1976. The VCTP is aimed to be an international conference for physicists in Vietnam, in the region and worldwide. Our mission is to foster scientific exchanges and to promote a high-standard level of research and education in Vietnam and in South East Asia.The conference covered a wide range of theoretical physics topics from 4 major fields:• Particle, nuclear and astro-physics,• Molecular physics, quantum optics and quantum computation,• Condensed matter physics,• Soft matter, biological and interdisciplinary physics.The conference was divided into 1 opening session, 9 oral sessions and 2 poster sessions. The duration of an invited talk is 30-40 minutes including time for discussion. The duration of an oral talk is 20 minutes including time for discussion.The meeting was held onsite but all the sessions were broadcasted online on the Google Meet platform. There was only one fully online session with three invited speakers presenting their talks from abroad. For online viewing, the PDF files of the posters had be uploaded on to the conference website before the poster sessions.136 participants participated in the conference. 11 invited talks, 17 oral and 55 poster contributions were presented. The conference program and the abstract book can be found on the conference website: http://iop.vast.vn/vctp/47/.This volume contains selected papers contributed by the participants.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Unesco’s Category 2 International Centre of Physics (ICP) located at the Institute of Physics, VAST.Editors of the VCTP-47 ProceedingsTrinh Xuan Hoang, Tran Minh Tien, Hoang Anh Tuan, and Vu Ngoc TuocList of Organizer, Sponsor, Chair, Organizing Committee, Program Committee, Secretariat, Participants are available in this Pdf.

The Effect of Applying the Ethno-STEM-Project-based Learning Model on Students' Higher-order Thinking Skill and Misconception of Physics Topics Related to Lake Tempe, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the Ethno-STEM-Project Based Learning model about the concept of physics related to Lake Tempe on students’ conceptual understanding of physics, which is characterized by higher-order thinking skills and the level of misconceptions. The sample in this study was eleventh-grade students in senior high school. Students are exposed to local wisdom-based learning strategies integrating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics through group project assignments. Students are given a pre-Achievement Test (PAT) to determine their initial Higher-Order Thinking Skill of physics concepts in everyday life. Then after being treated through project work, they are asked to do a Post-Achievement Test (PAT). A three-tier test was carried out before and after treatment to determine the level of misconceptions. In addition, focus group interviews were conducted with several students to strengthen the pre and post-test results. Student responses to focus group interviews and the PAT’s open-ended questions were analyzed using the N-Gain Score equation. The data in the initial and final tests were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on the analysis results, it was found that using the Ethno-STEM-PjBL model affected the understanding of physics concepts. It was marked by increases in higher-order thinking skills and decreases in misconceptions on several physics topics related to students’ activities around Lake Tempe.

Using Positive Psychology to Address Emotional Barriers to Physical Activity After Bariatric Surgery: Proof-of-Concept Trial of the Gaining Optimism After Weight Loss Surgery (GOALS) Project

Physical activity promotes health and longevity after metabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS), but most patients do not meet recommended levels. The Gaining Optimism After weight Loss Surgery (GOALS) Project was a positive psychological intervention designed to address common emotional barriers to physical activity in patients who have recently undergone MBS (e.g., low confidence around exercise, internalized weight bias, fear of injury) and use motivational interviewing and standard behavior change techniques (e.g., self-monitoring) to increase physical activity. This single-arm proof-of-concept trial was designed to refine the intervention, test feasibility and acceptability, and explore pre-post changes in behavioral and psychological outcomes. Participants were 12 adults 6–12 months post-MBS (M age of 46, 58% female, 67% non-Hispanic white). GOALS was a 10-week telephone counseling program that introduced new positive psychological skills and physical activity topics each week. Participants tracked physical activity with a Fitbit and set weekly goals. Results showed that the intervention was feasible (85% of sessions completed) and acceptable (average participant ratings of session ease and utility above 8.0 on a 0–10 scale). There were medium-to-large effect size improvements in physical activity and psychological well-being (e.g., depressive symptoms). The GOALS intervention will next be tested in a pilot randomized controlled trial with longer-term follow-up to assess its effect more robustly.

Comparison of Detection Schemes for Different Types of Dark Matter Candidate

Dark matter is one of the most concerning topics in frontier physics today, through continuously exploring scientific research personnel, people gradually have a certain knowledge of the dark matter, about a potential way of detecting dark matter particles. However, the researchers found that still lack of unified cognition, therefore the research topic of this article is to compare different state-of-art ways and scenarios to explore the dark matter particles. To be specific, direct detection, the way in indirect detection and the way collision detection. By comparing the merits and demerits of historical dark matter detection methods, this study tries to summarize more effective ways of observing dark matter. According to the analysis, the most successful scenarios that has been carried out right now is the direct detection. These findings provide useful information for directing future research that could improve the current conventional particle model or, as proposed by Einstein a century ago, open up new physics horizons. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of searching dark matter.

The teaching of physics at upper secondary school level: A comparative study between Indonesia and Ireland

This study aims to investigate the teaching approaches taken by physics teachers in Indonesia and Ireland when teaching a module on Medical Physics in the classroom. Additionally, students’ attitudes to the module on Medical Physics were also explored. In particular, the views of these teachers toward inquiry based science education (IBSE) and direct instruction (DI) when implementing this module with students in the 14–16 age group were examined. Data were collected to investigate how teachers in the two countries used combinations of the IBSE and DI teaching approaches when teaching the module to their students. Arising out of the implementation of the module, it was hoped that the module would serve as a “hook” to interest students in physics by teaching topics in physics via real-life applications of physics. Thus, the attitudes of the students toward science on completion of the module were assessed. A total of 15 schools in Indonesia (402 students) and 15 schools in Ireland (263 students) participated in the project. Data were collected from the teachers and students using questionnaires. Among the findings were that while teachers in Ireland were unanimous in their agreement with the inclusion of IBSE activities in the lesson plans supplied, only 67% of the teachers in Indonesia agreed with the inclusion of these activities in the module. There was a strong relationship between the type of school and the students’ attitude toward the module. Students in the more academic type schools in both Ireland and Indonesia were less positive about the module. Among the problems highlighted by teachers in Indonesia was the lack of laboratory facilities. Also, students in both countries commented on the problems with terminology and literacy in general when studying physics. While the module brought out a positive response from students convincing them to continue with their study of physics at the upper secondary school level.

Mapping Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Research on Physics Topics Using Bibliometric Analysis

This study aims to provide an overview of physics learning research using the STEM approach in Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method which aims to determine the depth of research using a certain matrix so that a conclusion can be presented. This research uses the Publish or Perish application to search for scientific articles. Search for scientific articles indexed by Google Scholar with a publication range between 2018-2022. The results of the search obtained 107 scientific articles that match the search keywords. Furthermore, from 107 scientific articles, a more in-depth screening was carried out so that 45 scientific articles were obtained that specifically discussed STEM Education in physics. The analysis was carried out using the VOS viewer application with the aim of mapping the direction of the research using the keywords "STEM Education" and "Physics".

Sustainability of Stack Exchange Q&A communities: the role of trust

Knowledge-sharing communities are fundamental elements of a knowledge-based society. Understanding how different factors influence their sustainability is of crucial importance. We explore the role of the social network structure and social trust in their sustainability. We analyze the early evolution of social networks in four pairs of active and closed Stack Exchange communities on topics of physics, astronomy, economics, and literature and use a dynamical reputation model to quantify the evolution of social trust in them. In addition, we study the evolution of two active communities on mathematics topics and two closed communities about startups and compare them with our main results. Active communities have higher local cohesiveness and develop stable, better-connected, trustworthy cores. The early emergence of a stable and trustworthy core may be crucial for sustainable knowledge-sharing communities.

Quantum Rabi dynamics of trapped atoms far in the deep strong coupling regime

The coupling of a two-level system with an electromagnetic field, whose fully quantized version is the quantum Rabi model, is among the central topics of quantum physics. When the coupling strength becomes large enough that the field mode frequency is reached, the deep strong coupling regime is approached, and excitations can be created from the vacuum. Here we demonstrate a periodic variant of the quantum Rabi model in which the two-level system is encoded in the Bloch band structure of cold rubidium atoms in optical potentials. With this method we achieve a Rabi coupling strength of 6.5 times the field mode frequency, which is far in the deep strong coupling regime, and observe a subcycle timescale raise in bosonic field mode excitations. In a measurement recorded in the basis of the coupling term of the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian, a freezing of dynamics is revealed for small frequency splittings of the two-level system, as expected when the coupling term dominates over all other energy scales, and a revival for larger splittings. Our work demonstrates a route to realize quantum-engineering applications in yet unexplored parameter regimes.

Stigmatizing Our Own: Self-Relevant Research (Me-Search) Is Common but Frowned Upon in Clinical Psychological Science

How often do clinical psychologists have a lived experience with, or close connection, to their research? Does the field of psychology accept this “me-search”? We undertook the first investigation of self-relevant research (aka “me-search”) and attitudes toward self-relevant researchers in a representative North American sample ( N = 1,776) of faculty, graduate students, and other individuals affiliated with doctoral programs in clinical, counseling, and school psychology. More than 50% of participants had conducted self-relevant research, and those from minoritized backgrounds were more likely to conduct self-relevant research. When judging experimentally manipulated vignettes, participants who had not engaged in self-relevant research made more stigmatizing judgments of self-relevant research and self-relevant research disclosure than did those who engaged in self-relevant research. Psychologists and trainees had more negative attitudes toward self-relevant research on mental health topics (suicide, depression, schizophrenia) than physical health topics (cancer). We discuss how prejudice toward self-relevant research and mental illness negatively impacts ongoing diversity and inclusion efforts from within clinical psychological science.

Professor Koshiba and atmospheric neutrinos

Abstract When Professor Masatoshi Koshiba proposed the Kamiokande experiment, the main motivation was the search for proton decays. However, it should be remembered that other physics topics were also considered. One of them was neutrino oscillation studies with atmospheric neutrinos. In this article, the atmospheric neutrino studies in Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande are reviewed.

Check on the features of potted 20-inch PMTs with 1F3 electronics prototype at Pan-Asia

The Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino project with a 20-kton liquid scintillator detector located 700-m underground. The large 20-inch PMTs are one of the crucial components of the JUNO experiment aiming for precision neutrino measurements with better than 3% energy resolution at 1 MeV. The excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume provide many exciting opportunities for addressing important topics in neutrino and astroparticle physics. With the container #D at JUNO Pan-Asia PMT testing and potting station, the features of waterproof potted 20-inch PMTs were measured with JUNO 1F3 electronics prototype in waveform and charge, which are valuable for a better understanding of the performance of the waterproof potted PMTs and the JUNO 1F3 electronics. In this paper, the basic features of the JUNO 1F3 electronics prototype run at Pan-Asia will be introduced, followed by an analysis of the waterproof potted 20-inch PMTs and a comparison with the results from commercial electronics used by container #A and #B.

Neutrino Physics

The observation of neutrino oscillations is firm evidence of non-zero neutrino mass. Neutrino mass and mixing have been studied by neutrino oscillation experiments so far. One of the remaining questions is whether neutrinos violate CP symmetry. Exploring new CP violation is also a subject of kaon physics. There are other common physics topics between neutrino and kaon experiments. In this talk, recent progress and future prospects of neutrino experiments for topics related to kaon physics will be discussed.

The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF’s physics potential.

DESAIN LABORATORIUM VIRTUAL BERBASIS IJEN GEOPARK PADA MATERI IPA DI SMP SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF

The virtual laboratory is an IT-based learning media. The purpose of this study was to develop a virtual laboratory design to increasing conceptual understanding of science material at the junior high school level on science material with topics of physics, chemistry, biology, and earth sciences. This virtual laboratory was developed as a form of utilizing technology in the field of education, where the development of information technology is currently very supportive of implementing practical simulations in a virtual laboratory. The research method of this research applies the Research and Development (R&D) method with 3D steps. The development steps include: identification, design, and development. Validation stage of media experts, material experts and media users to assess the feasibility of the media and test development to see the effectiveness of using media in learning as well as student responses to the effectiveness of learning by using virtual laboratory media.

Fundamental links between shear transformation, [formula omitted] relaxation, and string-like motion in metallic glasses

Plastic deformation and relaxation dynamics are two major topics in glass physics. Secondary (β) relaxation has been assumed to be a relevant plastic mechanism in amorphous solids, e.g., metallic glasses (MGs), at the macroscopic scale. However, due to the constraints of the time scale of traditional computer simulation, it is still an open question whether the correlation can be justified at the atomic level, or is it just a correlation in a mean-field sense? In this work, molecular dynamics simulations augmented with metadynamics are conducted to study the basic atomic rearrangement mechanism up to experimentally relevant timescales (up to milliseconds). We show that in a unique Al90Sm10 MG with pronounced β relaxation, the atoms initiating the plastic deformation are exactly the ones apt to develop string-like cooperative motions, as expected from the perspective of β relaxation. For a Y65Cu35 MG without obvious β relaxation, string-like motions are rarely observed in the deformation of participating atoms, although their atomic displacements are also aligned in a correlative manner. Therefore, our laboratory long-time-scale observation enables the in situ construction of a fundamental link among the versatile concepts of shear transformation, β relaxation, and string-like motion in amorphous materials.

The Impact of Robotic Activities on Secondary School Students’ Interest in Physics in Kenya

Educational robotic activities can be used to support teaching of science subjects. Many secondary school students have little interest in Physics as a subject and hence only a few students select it in preparation of career progression. Robotic activities can be employed to facilitate practical learning in science subjects in general with the Physics subject benefiting the most. In Kenya, there is little research on the role robotic activities can play on learning of these subjects. This study developed robotic activities from educational robots fabricated by the researcher. The activities presented learners in secondary school with diverse opportunities of enriching their learning of Physics as a Science subject. The robotic activities were integrated into Physics topics to give the teaching and learning of this subject a new approach. The integrated robot activities were then introduced to Form 2 students in workshops carried out during weekends which included 3-day activities for the students. In this study 200, form 2 students were selected randomly from 20 schools in Kangema sub-county, Murang’a county in Kenya. The students were issued with questionnaires before and after exposure to the activities through the workshops for purposes of data collection. The quantitative data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the robotic activities had a significant impact on students’ interest in Physics. The study recommends that the government should facilitate the integration of educational robotic activities in the current secondary school Science curriculum in order to improve interest towards these subjects.

The impact of multiple representations on students' understanding of vector field concepts: Implementation of simulations and sketching activities into lecture-based recitations in undergraduate physics.

Multiple external representations (e.g., diagrams, equations) and their interpretations play a central role in science and science learning as research has shown that they can substantially facilitate the learning and understanding of science concepts. Therefore, multiple and particularly visual representations are a core element of university physics. In electrodynamics, which students encounter already at the beginning of their studies, vector fields are a central representation typically used in two forms: the algebraic representation as a formula and the visual representation depicted by a vector field diagram. While the former is valuable for quantitative calculations, vector field diagrams are beneficial for showing many properties of a field at a glance. However, benefiting from the mutual complementarity of both representations requires representational competencies aiming at referring different representations to each other. Yet, previous study results revealed several student problems particularly regarding the conceptual understanding of vector calculus concepts. Against this background, we have developed research-based, multi-representational learning tasks that focus on the visual interpretation of vector field diagrams aiming at enhancing a broad, mathematical as well as conceptual, understanding of vector calculus concepts. Following current trends in education research and considering cognitive psychology, the tasks incorporate sketching activities and interactive (computer-based) simulations to enhance multi-representational learning. In this article, we assess the impact of the learning tasks in a field study by implementing them into lecture-based recitations in a first-year electrodynamics course at the University of Göttingen. For this, a within- and between-subjects design is used comparing a multi-representational intervention group and a control group working on traditional calculation-based tasks. To analyze the impact of multiple representations, students' performance in a vector calculus test as well as their perceived cognitive load during task processing is compared between the groups. Moreover, analyses offer guidance for further design of multi-representational learning tasks in field-related physics topics.

Higher dimensional reciprocal integrable Kaup-Newell systems

The study of integrable systems is one of important topics both in physics and in mathematics. However, traditional studies on integrable systems are usually restricted in (1+1) and (2+1) dimensions. The main reasons come from the fact that high-dimensional integrable systems are extremely rare. Recently, we found that a large number of high dimensional integrable systems can be derived from low dimensional ones by means of a deformation algorithm. In this paper, the (1+1) dimensional Kaup-Newell (KN) system is extended to a (4+1) dimensional system with the help of the deformation algorithm. In addition to the original (1+1) dimensional KN system, the new system also contains three reciprocal forms of the (1+1) dimensional KN system. The model also contains a large number of new (<i>D</i>+1) dimensional (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$D \leqslant 3$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20222418_M2.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20222418_M2.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>) integrable systems. The Lax integrability and symmetry integrability of the (4+1) dimensional KN system are also proved. It is very difficult to solve the new high-dimensional KN systems. In this paper, we only investigate the traveling wave solutions of a (2+1) dimensional reciprocal derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The general envelope travelling wave can be expressed by a complicated elliptic integral. The single envelope dark (gray) soliton of the derivative nonlinear Schödinger equation can be implicitly written.