Toothpaste Formulations Research Articles

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste against Biofilm Producing Staphylococcus aureus

Dental and oral hygiene is essential for overall health and well-being. Tooth brush and dental floss help remove food debris and plaque, while tooth paste and mouth wash are a key part of oral hygiene as they reduce bacterial growth. The use of chemical agents in tooth paste formulations are effective but can have undesirable side effects. The use of herbal extracts instead can be equally effective due to the presence of phytochemicals which render antibacterial and antiseptic properties, with no side effects. In this study we have formulated toothpaste using the extracts of orange peel, tomato peel and Eucalyptus leaves. The extracts were positive for phytochemicals like terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. The formulated tooth paste demonstrated antibacterial and biofilm degrading activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dental plaques. On comparison with commercially available toothpastes, the herbal formulation was observed to be more effective against the biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus. Rakhi Bajpai3, Chitranshu Pandey4, Varaprasad Kolla*5

UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL KAYU MANIS

Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanni) is one of the cheap and easy traditional medicinal herbs and is widely used to treat toothache. The largest content of cinnamon bark is essential oil which contains the main compounds cinnamaldehyde (60.72%), eugenol (17.62%) and coumarin (13.39%). The content has potential as an antibacterial. Cinnamon bark extract affects the growth of Streptococcus mutans which is the main bacterium that causes dental caries (Puspita et al., 2013). This research was continued to the toothpaste formulation stage where people can use this plant as an anti-plaque comfortably. The development of extracts into paste preparations requires safety or toxicity data within a certain period of time. This study uses an experimental design. The test rats were divided into 4 groups consisting of the normal group (CMC Na 0.5%), the EEKM group at doses of 300 mg/kg BW, 2000 mg/kg BW and 5000 mg/kg BW. Toxic symptoms observed included behavioral changes such as tremors, slow walking, urination, defecation, motor ability tests such as stage tests, catalepsy, hanging and death. Changes in toxic symptoms were observed intensively every 30 minutes in the first 2 hours after administration of the test preparation and followed up to 14 days after administration. Based on the results of the study showed that EEKM at doses of 300 mg/kg BW, 2000 mg/kg BW and 5000 mg/kg BW did not show a toxic effect on the physical behavior of the test animals. EEKM is included in the practically non-toxic criteria, where at a dose of 5000 mg/kg bb there is no death, the LD50 value is greater than 5000 so it is included in the practically non-toxic criteria.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE MEDICAL AND PREVENTIVE TOOTHPASTE WITH EXTRACT OF SAGE, JUNIPER AND CHAMOMILE

Currently, the trend in the cosmetics industry is to produce natural, ecological products with the preservation of the most complete set of components of the raw materials. The work is devoted to the development of the composition of therapeutic and preventive toothpaste with СО2 extracts of sage, chamomile and juniper. The extracts included in the toothpaste formulation were obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. In order to choose the optimal conditions for the extraction, we found out the influence of the technological modes of the process on the composition of the extracts. For this purpose, at the first stage, a series of studies on the dependence of the quantitative yield of extracts on pressure was carried out. On the basis of experimental data, the optimal conditions for supercritical fluid extraction were determined. At the second stage of the research, the influence of temperature on the composition of supercritical fluid extracts of sage was studied, which made it possible to determine the temperature parameter of the process. The optimal ratio of extracts in the composition of therapeutic-prophylactic toothpaste has been established. The next stage of research was the selection of the base of the toothpaste, namely an abrasive component that combines a high cleaning capacity with a low abrasion capacity and a thickener (Blanose 7M3 IF). To determine the composition of the toothpaste base, the rheological characteristics of seven formulations of the base, which was obtained from an abrasive component, a thickener, and glycerin, were determined. The toothpaste system is an emulsion-suspension, which during storage can excessively thicken or delaminate, therefore, in order to predict the stability of the rheological properties of the paste, we conducted experiments on the storage of the toothpaste base at a temperature of 25°C for 1.5 months. The work shows that the base of the toothpaste acquires indicators of constant viscosity on the 13-14th day from the moment of release. As a result of the work carried out, a formulation of toothpaste for therapeutic and preventive purposes was developed. In order to confirm the quality of the finished cosmetic product, we examined it according to physic-chemical indicators, namely, appearance, color, smell, taste and hydrogen index (pH).

Formulation of Herbal Toothpaste Combination of Anna Apple Peel and Kaffir Lime Peel with Variation of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Concentration

Toothpaste is a preparation whose use aims to clean the mucous membranes of the mouth. Anna's apple is a fruit that contains malic acid which has the ability to whiten teeth. Kaffir lime contains essential oils that have effects as antibacterial, antifungal and refreshing. This study aims to formulate herbal toothpaste preparations a combination of Anna Apple Skin extract (Malus domestica) and Purut Orange Peel extract (Citrus hystrix) and determine the physical quality of the preparation made. This type of research is experimental research using maceration methods with physical quality stability testing, namely organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH, foam height, viscosity, and dispersion. In this study, two herbal toothpaste formulations were made with variations in the concentration of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate as a foaming agent in toothpaste. From the results of the study, it was obtained that the combination of the two extracts can be formulated into herbal toothpaste preparations and based on the results of physical quality tests, both formulations with variations in the concentration of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 1.5% and 2.5% meet the requirements of the established standards.

Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Green Method Using Rhus coriaria L. Extract Against Oral Pathogenic Microorganisms.

Background: Oral health is part of general health. Dental caries is the most common chronic disease worldwide. Considering the significance of plaque control, complications of chemical agents, and the optimal antimicrobial efficacy of nanoparticles, this study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by the green method using Rhus coriaria L. extract against oral pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, Rhus coriaria fruit was dried at room temperature. It was then ground, and its aqueous extract was obtained by the maceration technique. The effects of AgNPs synthesized by the green method in different concentrations were evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), and Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius) using the well-plate technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were also calculated. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The MIC values were 1024 µg/mL for S. mutans and E. faecalis, and 512 µg/mL for S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, and L. acidophilus. The resistance of S. mutans and E. faecalis was higher than that of S. sobrinus, S. salivarius and L. acidophilus. According to the growth inhibition zones and MBC test results, S. salivarius had the highest resistance to AgNPs followed by L. acidophilus, S. sobrinus, S. mutans, and E. faecalis. Conclusion: AgNPs synthesized by the green method using Rhus coriaria extract was effective against oral pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, they may be used in the formulation of mouthwash and toothpaste.

Toothpaste Abrasion and Abrasive Particle Content: Correlating High-Resolution Profilometric Analysis with Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA).

In this in vitro study, the influence of the concentration of abrasive particles on the abrasivity of toothpastes was investigated using laser scan profilometry on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surfaces with the aim of providing an alternative method to developers for screening of new toothpaste formulations. PMMA plates were tested in a toothbrush simulator with distilled water and four model toothpastes with increasing content of hydrated silica (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 wt%). The viscosity of the model toothpaste formulations was kept constant by means of varying the content of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and water. The brushed surfaces were evaluated using laser scan profilometry at micrometer-scale resolutions, and the total volume of the introduced scratches was calculated along with the roughness parameters Ra, Rz and Rv. RDA measurements commissioned for the same toothpaste formulations were used to analyze the correlation between results obtained with the different methods. The same experimental procedure was applied to five commercially available toothpastes, and the results were evaluated against our model system. In addition, we characterize abrasive hydrated silica and discuss their effects on PMMA-sample surfaces. The results show that the abrasiveness of a model toothpaste increases with the weight percentage of hydrated silica. Increasing roughness parameter and volume loss values show good correlation with the likewise increasing corresponding RDA values for all model toothpastes, as well as commercial toothpastes without ingredients that can damage the used substrate PMMA. From our results, we deduce an abrasion classification that corresponds to the RDA classification established for marketed toothpastes.

Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste

The majority of people use toothpaste regularly.Typically, tootpaste is used to clean the mouth and teeth. It is also used to treat a variety of dental conditions. A lot of dentists advise using toothpaste to cure conditions including sensitivity and chronic gingivitis, among others. Herbal extracts of numerous crude medications with antibacterial and antimicrobial properties can be used to make herbal toothpaste. Herbs like ginger, indica extracts, babul leaves extract, ginger extract, lemon oil extract, neem stem & bark, babul leaves, gauva leaves, kalmi bark, etc. are used in the preparation of herbal toothpaste formulations. [1] Preparing, assessing, and contrasting lab-made herbal toothpaste with commercial herbal toothpastes is the major goal of the current effort. Commercial herbal toothpastes including Himalaya, Meswak, and Dent County have all had their quality assessed in the current study. All of the examined commercially available herbal tooth pastes and lab-made herbal toothpaste met the requirements outlined by the Bureau of Indian Standards. [2] The goal of the ongoing research is to create herbal toothpaste using chemicals like camphor, honey, and plant extracts including neem, tulshi leaves, and guava leaves. In formulating herbal toothpaste, characteristics like colour, spreadability, foamability, and particle identification of shard and edge abrasives were assessed. [3] Neem, Clove, Betel, Peppermint, Turmeric, and Guava are six plant samples included in this experiment that are typically used as traditional medicines. The created toothpastes were assessed in accordance with Bureau of Indian Standards requirements. The effectiveness of the tested toothpastes’ antibacterial properties was found. [4] One of the most important needs for humans is oral hygiene. Oral hygiene is the first step in a human being’s daily life. Therefore, toothpaste is crucial to this process. To counteract some drawbacks of synthetic cleaning agents, many natural herbs might be used. [5].

Surface Modification of Silica Particles with Adhesive Functional Groups or Their Coating with Chitosan to Improve the Retention of Toothpastes in the Mouth.

Silica is widely used in the oral care formulations to act as an abrasive and to give the products its distinct physical properties. In this study, silica particles were synthesized using a co-condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate with a series of functional silane compounds [(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, and (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane)]. The surface of the particles based on tetraethyl orthosilicate and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane was then further modified with 3-aminophenylboronic acid. Commercial Aerosil R972 Pharma silica particles were also coated with chitosan. Additionally, commercially available (3-maleimido)propyl-functionalized silica particles were used in this study. All these functionalized silica particles were incorporated into toothpaste formulations, and their retentive properties were tested on ex vivo sheep tongue mucosa models using fluorescent microscopy-based flow-through techniques. Those surfaces with chitosan, phenylboronic acid, and acryloyl groups were shown to provide a significant improvement in the retention of the oral care formulations during the retention testing. The retention of toothpastes containing silica functionalized with maleimide and thiol groups was also superior compared to that of unmodified silica particles. This study synthesized and tested a range of silica particles and demonstrated that the functionalized silica incorporated into toothpastes can significantly improve the retention of these formulations on oral mucosal surfaces.

Effects of different toothpaste formulations on erosive tooth wear prevention: systematic review

Objective: erosive tooth wear is a multifactorial condition that results in loss of dental hard tissue, caused by a chemical and mechanical process. This paper aims to carry out a systematic review presenting the effects of different toothpaste formulations on the loss of dental enamel surface in vitro. Material and Methods: the searches were performed in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS and Scielo. Articles published from 2010 to 2020 were filtered, without language restriction. Articles that included abrasion and erosion protocols were searched, as they were more similar to clinical reality, since toothpaste is applied through tooth brushing. The searches with descriptors and free terms on the topic resulted in 992 articles, however only 12 were within the search criteria. Results: the selected studies appointed that association of conventional fluorides (NaF) with metallic fluorides can be a promising strategy for the reduction of surface loss by erosive tooth wear. Toothpastes containing sodium fluoride, as well as tin without chitosan, showed a reduction in surface loss, considered sufficient for individuals with medium exposure to acids. In children’s toothpastes, the one containing sodium fluoride showed a reduction in surface loss when compared to non-fluoride dentifrices. Conclusion: different protocols may result in less or greater loss of enamel surface, and methodological differences should be considered. To clarify the effects of dentifrices on erosive tooth wear, other properties of dentifrices should be investigated. KEYWORDS Erosive tooth wear; Tooth erosion; Fluoride; Toothpastes; Termo; Systematic review.

In vitro assessment of babool extract, mint and clove oil containing toothpaste on gingivitis causing bacteria

Aim: The aim of this study was to perform in vitro assessment of Babool extract, Mint and Clove containing toothpaste against oral disease-causing pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate in efficacy of the Dabur Babool toothpaste containing certain medicinal plant extracts like Babool extract and clove oil for the protection of oral hygiene and prevention of gum diseases by inhibition of disease-causing micro-organism P. gingivalis. Methods: The herbal ingredient like Babool, Mint and Clove is combined in Toothpaste formulation. The product was tested against microorganism’s P. gingivalis using agar well diffusion method. Inhibition zones formed around toothpastes after 24 hours of incubation were measured and the data collected were statistically analysed. The time-dependent killing assay was carried out on P. gingivalis. Conclusions: In vitro assessment of herbal toothpaste with Babool, Mint and Clove toothpaste against disease causing oral pathogens revealed the efficacy of toothpaste against major gingivitis causing oral pathogen P. gingivalis.

In vitro effect of low-fluoride toothpaste supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate, xylitol, and erythritol on enamel demineralization.

Regular use of toothpaste with fluoride (F) concentrations of ≥ 1000 ppm has been shown to contribute to reducing caries increment. However, when used by children during the period of dental development, it can lead to dental fluorosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of a toothpaste formulation with reduced fluoride (F) concentration (200 ppm) supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP: 0.2%), Xylitol (X:16%), and Erythritol (E: 4%) on dental enamel demineralization. Bovine enamel blocks were selected according to initial surface hardness (SHi) and then divided into seven experimental toothpaste groups (n=12). These groups included 1) no F-TMP-X-E (Placebo); 2) 16% Xylitol and 4% Erythritol (X-E); 3) 16% Xylitol, 4% Erythritol and 0.2%TMP (X-E-TMP); 4) 200 ppm F (no X-E-TMP: (200F)); 5) 200 ppm F and 0.2% TMP (200F-TMP); 200 ppm F, 16% Xylitol, 4% Erythritol, and 0.2% TMP (200F-X-E-TMP); and 7) 1,100 ppm F (1100F). Blocks were individually treated 2×/day with slurries of toothpastes and subjected to a pH cycling regimen for five days (DES: 6 hours and RE: 18 hours). Then, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in enamel were determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (1-criterion) and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.001). We found that the 200F-X-E-TMP treatment reduced %SH by 43% compared to the 1100F treatments (p<0.001). The ΔKHN was ~ 65% higher with 200F-X-E-TMP compared to 1100F (p<0.001). The highest concentration of F in enamel was observed on the 1100F treatment (p<0.001). The 200F-X-E-TMP treatment promote higher increase of Ca and P concentration in the enamel (p<0.001). The association of 200F-X-E-TMP led to a significant increase of the protective effect on enamel demineralization compared to the 1100F toothpaste.

Investigating a Vitamin D Delivery Toothpaste Using a Penetration Enhancer Compound

Expanding in the oral care business, being passionately driven by innovative and scientific products, functional toothpaste has recently become more popular for functionality, variety, and efficacy. Many new types of toothpaste are commercially manufactured with diverse fragrances, colors, probiotics, and pharmaceutical ingredients to enhance the functionalities of toothpaste. Our study attempted to create a toothpaste formulation that might facilitate the intraoral delivery of vitamin D3 into the bloodstream. Simply brushing our teeth with toothpaste should be easy to take the essential vitamin regularly. In this study, an emulsion-based toothpaste mixed with an azone compound and sodium dodecyl sulfate as penetration enhancers blended thoroughly with other ingredients and then with vitamin D. Multiple toothpaste characteristic tests were performed, such as abrasiveness, scratchiness, spreadability, pH, foaming, cleaning, and antibacterial strength with our vitamin D toothpaste, and compared with those of other commercial brand toothpaste. To confirm the intraoral delivery of vitamin D through the oral cavity, an earthworm transport study and TEER value test were conducted using L. terrestris skin. Our data demonstrated the high feasibility of intraoral delivery of vitamin D based on those two skin studies with various experimental support; our vitamin D toothpaste had comparable characteristics with other commercial toothpaste for cleaning functionality.

In Vitro Study on Green Propolis as a Potential Ingredient of Oral Health Care Products.

Propolis is increasingly being discussed as an alternative to commonly used antiseptics. This in vitro study focused on the ethanolic extract of green Brazilian propolis (EEPg) as an additive in an oral health care product. We investigated (i) a potential inflammation-modulation activity of EEPg when a periodontal or Candida biofilm was exposed to monocytic (MONO-MAC-6) cells, (ii) the adhesion of oral pathogens to gingival keratinocytes and (iii) the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of different toothpaste formulations. EEPg decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and increased IL-10 in MONO-MAC cells challenged with a periodontal biofilm. In contact with TIGK cells, EEPg reduced the numbers of adherent Porphyromonas gingivalis to 0.5% but did not affect the adhesion of Candida albicans. The frequent brushing of a cariogenic biofilm with a toothpaste supplemented with EEPg reduced the surface microhardness loss of enamel specimens. Mixing an experimental erythritol toothpaste with 25 and 50 mg/mL of EEPg confirmed the antibacterial activity of EEPg against oral bacteria and particularly inhibited periodontal biofilm formation. The suggested toothpaste formulations seem to have potential in the prevention of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis and should be evaluated in further in vitro research and in clinical trials.

Green dentistry: Organic toothpaste formulations. A literature review.

Dentistry as a profession should take into account the goals of sustainable development in daily practice and encourage the transition to a green economy. Consumers are becoming more conscious about the impact of self-care products, including toothpastes, on the environment. Organic toothpastes are considered very safe. A broad literature review was conducted to: (i) identify the ingredients in available organic toothpastes; (ii) classify them into active and inactive; and (iii) evaluate each ingredient's purpose and the adverse events that may be associated with its use. A comprehensive list of available organic toothpastes and their ingredients was compiled based on the products from the largest Italian organic supermarket chain (NaturaSì®) that is representative of the European market. Then, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify, classify and evaluate each ingredient. The final sample consisted of 46 organic toothpastes that included 156 ingredients; 139 (89.1%) and 17 (10.9%) were classified as active and inactive, respectively. Overall, 32 (20.5%) ingredients were associated with known adverse events. The results of this study indicate that organic toothpastes are highly biocompatible with oral cavity tissues. Careful product selection may help consumers avoid potential adverse effects that can be caused by ingredients such as polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol) and carbomers, detergent agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate), and triclosan. The lack of clinical studies should encourage the development of sufficient evidence to provide consumers with recommendations for daily use, based on both efficacy and biocompatibility.

Microwave‐assisted low‐cost synthesis of sucrose‐soya ester from vegetable oil refinery by‐product and its application in toothpaste formulation for oral hygiene

AbstractThe major drawbacks of the sucrose ester (SE), in spite of being a green nonionic surfactant, are the difficulty of synthesis and higher cost. Distilled soya acid oil (DSAO) obtained as by‐product from a vegetable oil refinery was used for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester (SAFAME). Microwave‐assisted method (680 watts system), which is greener and more efficient was used for the synthesis of SAFAME at 99.3% conversion using 2 wt% sulfuric acid catalyst within 30 min as well as for the synthesis of SE at 82.5% conversion using 5 wt% K2CO3 catalyst within 45 min. Both synthesis steps were monitored and characterized by using thin‐layer chromatography, gas chromatography, 1H NMR, and FT‐IR. The surface tension of 1% aq. solution of SE was 29.58 mN m−1, while the interfacial tension of n‐heptane‐1% aq. solution was observed to be 3.29 mN m−1. The critical micelle concentration was 74.24 mg L−1. Foaming properties, emulsion stability, and wetting power were determined by using standard techniques. The SE was used for the development of desensitizing anticavity toothpaste formulation and the various properties were evaluated in comparison with the commercial toothpaste formulation available in the market. The results show that the partially renewable surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) can be replaced partially or fully with the biobased renewable SE surfactants in the various personal care formulations including toothpaste.

A commercial SnF2 toothpaste formulation reduces simulated human plaque biofilm in a dynamic typodont model.

AimsWe present a dynamic typodont biofilm model (DTBM) incorporating (1) human dentition anatomy, (2) fluid flow over intermittently fluid bathed tooth surfaces and (3) an oxic headspace to allow aerobic and anaerobic niches to develop naturally, as a screening tool to assess the effect of stannous fluoride (SnF2) toothpaste against a simulated human plaque biofilm (SPB).Methods and resultsFirst, hydroxyapatite (HA) coupons were inoculated with human saliva/plaque and cultured at 37°C under air. Selected species representative of common commensal and anaerobic pathogens were quantified for relative abundance changes over 4 days by PCR densitometry to confirm the culture conditions allowed the proliferation of these species. A continuous culture DTBM reactor on a rocker table was inoculated with saliva/plaque and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Tooth shear stress was estimated by particle tracking. A SnF2 toothpaste solution, or a sham rise was administered twice daily for 3 days to mimic routine oral hygiene. SPB biomass was assessed by total bacterial DNA and methylene blue (MB) staining. Early colonizer aerobes and late colonizer anaerobes species were detected in the HA and DTBM, and the trends in changing abundance were consistent with those seen clinically.ConclusionsTreatment with the SnF2 solution showed significant reductions of 53.05% and 54.4% in the SPB by MB staining and DNA, respectively. Significance and impact of study: The model has potential for assessing dentition anatomy and fluid flow on the efficacy of antimicrobial efficacy against localized SPB and may be amenable to the plaque index clinical evaluation.

Effect of a Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice on Biofilm Composition, Gene Expression and Biomechanical Properties.

An in situ study was conducted to examine the mode of action of a 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF2)-containing dentifrice in controlling the composition and properties of oral biofilm. Thirteen generally healthy individuals participated in the study. Each participant wore an intra-oral appliance over a 48-h period to measure differences in the resulting biofilm’s architecture, mechanical properties, and bacterial composition after using two different toothpaste products. In addition, metatranscriptomics analysis of supragingival plaque was conducted to identify the gene pathways influenced. The thickness and volume of the microcolonies formed when brushing with the SnF2 dentifrice were dramatically reduced compared to the control 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP)-containing toothpaste. Similarly, the biophysical and nanomechanical properties measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated a significant reduction in biofilm adhesive properties. Metatranscriptomic analysis identified pathways associated with biofilm formation, cell adhesion, quorum sensing, and N-glycosylation that are significantly downregulated with SnF2. This study provides a clinically relevant snapshot of how the use of a stabilized, SnF2 toothpaste formulation can change the spatial organization, nanomechanical, and gene expression properties of bacterial communities.

To Formulate and Evaluate Herbal Toothpaste By using Various Herbal Drug

In current scenario in oral dental care with use of herbal toothpaste containing natural ingredients are more acceptable in public belief than chemical based synthetic formulations due to their safety and efficacy in reducing dental caries, and preventing other dental issues to which this generation is prone to. In this formulation we utilizes aloe vera gel, clove oil, neem powder, turmeric powder and trikatu which are not yet used by any other research work. These extracts possess many activities like anti-ulcer, anti-caries, anti- bacterial, wound healing along with which it imbibes certain special additional properties like anti-cancer and anti-fungal. Along with this herbal based formulation, a comparative study of previously marketed herbal toothpastes was done in order to get an idea of important physical parameters i.e. pH, stability, excrudability, Spreadability, foamability, homogeneity to make a successful more efficacious and stable formulation. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the herbal toothpaste with marketed toothpaste. This study disseminate that our herbal based toothpaste formulation having natural ingredients is as good as in terms of results compare to marketed herbal formulations.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste

Abstract: Neem, “the bitter gem” is one of the most valued trees with many medicinal applications. The scientific name of neem is Azadirachta indica and belongs to Meliaceae family. It is the world’s most studied tree in the world and most promising one in the 21st century. Every part of the tree has medicinal value, such as flowers, leaves, neem cake, fruits and seed oil. Almost 300 different phytochemicals have been found in neem tree with versatile application. The aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract of neem is accounted for to have different pharmacological activities . In current situations oral dental care with use of herbal toothpaste containing natural ingredients are more acceptable in public belief than chemical based synthetic formulations due to their safety and efficacy in reducing dental caries, and preventing other dental issues to which this generation is prone to. In this formulation we utilizes clove oil, neem extract, peppermint oil, which are used in this research work. These extracts possess many activities like anti-ulcer, anti-caries, anti- bacterial, wound healing along with which it certain special additional properties like anti-fungal and anti – microbial . Important physical parameters i.e. pH, stability, spreadability, foamability, to make a successful more efficacious and stable formulation. This study that our herbal based toothpaste formulation having natural ingredients.

Effect of Toothpaste on Oral Microbial Flora

Toothpaste is a gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush as an accessory to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of toothpaste on oral microbial flora (bacteria and fungi). The study included 50 people from Ekpoma, 20 males and 30 females, who were chosen at random from around the province. Swab sticks were utilized to aseptically collect samples from each subject's oral cavity (tongue, teeth, and inner cheek) using sterile swab sticks. The organisms isolated are Bacteria: Streptococcus mutans (25), Staphylococcus aureus (10), Escherichia coli (2), Klebsiella spp (5), and Fungi: Candida albicans (4) and Rhizopus spp (2). Close-Up Deep action (Red hot) and Macleans (Fresh mint) were found to be sensitive to all of the organisms discovered, however Pepsodent - Natural white (Gel), Oral – B weren't (Pro-Health), Close-Up Herbal and Colgate were sensitive to 3 (3) organisms, while the antibiotics sensitivity of the oral fungal flora indicated Close-Up Deep action (Red hot), Macleans (Fresh mint) and Oral – B (Pro-Health) showed sensitivity to all the fungal isolates while Pepsodent - Natural white (Gel), Close-Up Herbal and Colgate were sensitive to at least one (1) of the fungal isolate indifference. Analysis of the inhibition of bacteria by the toothpaste studied shows that they are more effective for some bacterial species than others. The microbial quality of toothpaste formulations sold on the open market, on the other hand, has met the drug standard, which prohibits the presence of any index, indicator, or pathogenic organism in the toothpaste. drugs to be consumed by the populace. The results from this study indicate the need for further research into the possible value of toothpaste for reducing oral bacteria flora.