Tooth Space Research Articles

Dental Bridge Procedure to Straighten Loose Teeth, A Review

Background: A dental bridge is a treatment that fills spaces or gaps between teeth or fills in missing teeth. Bridges can help restore bite and maintain the natural shape of the face. The procedure for closing or making abutments between the gaping tooth spaces uses dentures (called pontics). Objective: Report and explain the dental bridge process to straighten loose teeth. Materials and Methods: Based on the author's knowledge, this review included theory or case studies from Elsevier, Willey, MDPI, Hindawi Publishing, Dove Press, and Pubmed journals. Several (35 articles) of these manuscripts are then identified for appropriateness with the subjects provided in this study, assessed descriptively, and described based on the manuscript's flow or scientific principles. Results: Pontics are made of porcelain to match the natural color of the teeth. After the pontic is implanted, there is no more space between the teeth. In general, this procedure is needed to: Restore the teeth's ability to bite and chew, Clarify speech when you speak, Maintain facial shape, and Prevent remaining teeth from falling out or shifting positions. Four types of dental bridges are an option to "bridge" the empty dental space: Traditional bridge, Cantilever bridge, Maryland bridge, and Implant-supported dental bridge. Pontic installation through this process must be repeated every 5-15 years, depending on the type of treatment. This paper reports several types of dental bridges that can be used as references to improve understanding of prosthodontics. Conclusion: A dental bridge uses dentures anchored to teeth or implants to replace lost teeth permanently, improving speech, restoring a smile, and preventing tooth loss

The Precision of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Assessing the Structural Foundation of Teeth in Individuals with A One-Sided Cleft of The Lip and Palate Within the Iraqi Population

Background: This study aimed to assess the bone structure supporting teeth near the cleft region in individuals with a unilateral cleft lip and palate. The study also aimed to compare these measurements with the corresponding teeth on the non-cleft side using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals with unilateral cleft lip and/or palate had their CBCT scans analyzed. Cleft-adjacent teeth had their alveolar bone support measured and compared to non-cleft-adjacent teeth. The buccal bone plate thickness was measured at 0-, 1-, 2-, and 4-mm depths, as was the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar crest (AC) on the buccal side.Results: The central incisor's bony support was notably thinner in cleft regions compared to non-cleft areas at apical depths of zero and one millimeter. The CEJ-AC space for central teeth near the cleft was significantly greater than that in non-cleft regions. Similar trends were observed for canine teeth at 0, 1, 2, and 4 millimeters, resembling the results for central teeth at 0 and 1 millimeters. The CEJ-AC space for canine teeth adjacent to the cleft was significantly developed compared to non-cleft regions.Conclusion: Individuals with a unilateral cleft lip and palate exhibited diminished alveolar bone support for teeth near the cleft area compared to controls. This discrepancy could lead to future complications, underscoring the importance of professional dental care to maintain optimal periodontal health in these patients.

Theoretical analysis and model manufacturing of innovative mortise and tenon hollow spherical joint

One of the main challenges for free-form surface reticulated shell structure recently is the development of a new joint that is able to implement complex-shaped curvature and fulfill the required loading capacity, whilst also meeting various important requirements such as convenient on-site assembly and suitability for connecting members with various cross-sectional forms. This article draws inspiration from the construction idea of Chinese traditional mortise and tenon structure and proposes a new type of mortise and tenon hollow spherical joint. To investigate the joint’s mechanical performance, the detailed numerical models of 29 mortise and tenon hollow spherical joints with different size parameters are established by SolidWorks and Ansys, and the effects of the hollow spherical wall thickness, tooth width, tooth spacing, tooth height and tenon face width on the joint bearing performance are analyzed. The joint failure modes under bending limit states are discussed, and the calculation formulas for the initial and elastic-plastic stage rotational stiffness are derived. The results show that the joint initial rotational stiffness is increased by 34.45%, 4.69%, 4.29%, and 3.25%, respectively, after the parameter optimization analysis of the hollow spherical wall thickness, tooth width, tooth spacing and tenon face width. The mortise and tenon hollow spherical joint has good mechanical performance, and possesses the advantages of simple and beautiful appearance, fast construction speed and high positioning accuracy. Finally, a reduced-scale model of the mortise and tenon hollow spherical joint is manufactured using 3D printing technology to visually showcase its external feature and validate its assembly characteristic.

A Symmetric Parity–Time Coupled Optoelectronic Oscillator Using a Polarization–Dependent Spatial Structure

We propose and experimentally investigate a symmetric parity-time (PT) coupled optoelectronic oscillator (COEO) based on a polarization-dependent spatial structure. In such a COEO system, the gain/loss and coupling coefficients of two orthogonal polarization optical waves can be controlled by adjusting the polarization controller (PC) and the bias voltage of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). The single-mode selection of a microwave signal can be implemented by the PT symmetry breaking of a special mode. The performance of the proposed COEO is experimentally examined, and a 10.0 GHz microwave signal with a phase noise of −109.1 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz and a side mode suppression ratio of 51.4 dB is generated. Moreover, an optical frequency comb with a comb tooth spacing of 10.0 GHz and a bandwidth of 100 GHz within a 10 dB amplitude variation can be simultaneously generated.

A quasi-analytical prediction method for gear load-independent power losses for shroud approaching

To limit the adverse effect of the fluid pressure field in high-speed gearing systems, especially for the main reducer of helicopters, shrouds usually adopted to enclose and approaches the high-speed gears will play a vital role in the windage and pumping power losses in axial and radial directions. To better explore and predict the total load-independent losses, this paper proposes an improved quasi-analytical method to quantify the power losses caused by the windage and pumping effects, considering the gear pump characteristics with the compressibility of the air or air-oil mixture. The theoretical calculations using the improved model are then compared with experimental results in the open literature. Leveraging the swept volume of the gear pump, the squeezing/pocketing behavior of the fluids in the tooth space can get a better understanding as the shroud approaches the gear pair.

Lower canine traction with jaw functional orthopedics. case report

The treatment of impacted teeth requires an interdisciplinary approach, in which early diagnosis avoids later complications. The frequency of canine retention, especially of the lower canines, has a 0.22 % average in the general population. Case information: A 9.1-year-old patient presented Lepto/Lepto, Lepto; distocclusion due to retrognathism and maxillary protrusion with left condylar asymmetry and preferential chewing on the right side. The patient also presented a structural open bite (Lower Go 78°) hyper-divergence level 4; severe crowding with complete lack of space for tooth 33, and alteration of the eruption corridor of tooth 43. Objective: Stimulate jaw growth to correct distocclusion, stimulate transversal development to gain space and eliminate crowding, and exercise traction on the lower right canine to position it correctly and correct asymmetry. Methods: A series of functional orthopedics devices were used. A Standard Bimler during the first 6 months, subsequently, Simões Network 1 (SN1) to conquer space and initiate traction, followed by the use of an SN11 to correct asymmetry with contra attachment for de-rotation and a lingual S spring. Results: It was possible to obtain incisive contact and align the anteroinferior segment, full space was obtained for tooth 33. Traction of tooth 43 was achieved and thus asymmetry was controlled. Conclusions: Functional orthopedic techniques are an effective form of dental traction that favors treatment from different perspectives. On one hand, it allows to gain space to eliminate crowding. On the other hand, it does not affect neighboring or antagonist teeth because the anchorage is not on the teeth, and it is not necessary to place intraosseous mini-implants. Also, an adequate surgical and functional orthopedic procedure makes it possible to traction the impacted teeth, orienting them to erupt and occupy the correct position in the dental arch.

Nonreciprocal double-carrier frequency combs in cavity magnonics

We propose a scheme for realizing strongly nonreciprocal double-carrier frequency combs in three-mode cavity magnonic system consisting of two microwave cavities and a yttrium iron garnet sphere with magnon Kerr nonlinearity. The nonreciprocal microwave frequency comb (MWFC) and magnonic frequency comb (MFC) can be simultaneously implemented due to the asymmetrical nonlinear response in two different directions. We first show high tunability of nonreciprocal MWFC and MFC based on independent sideband in the situation of single input probe field. By properly operating the input fields, the perfect nonreciprocity of comb in a broad frequency range (nonreciprocity of number of comb) and ultrahigh isolation ratio (nonreciprocity of intensity of comb) are obtained. We prove that the tooth spacing of frequency comb can be flexibly modulated by adjusting the beat frequency between the probe field and the control field, the fraction-order comb thereby is generated, which unlocks the full potential for producing high resolution frequency comb. More importantly, it is find that the sideband mixing emerges for the situation of double input probe fields. The hybridized MWFC and the hybridized MFC further are formed, which enhances greatly nonreciprocity of fraction-order comb. These consequently give rise to the simultaneous achievement of high resolution and strong nonreciprocity of double-carrier frequency combs. Our proposal provides an effective avenue for the manipulation of the nonreciprocity and resolution of MWFC and MFC, and has potentially practical applications in precision measurement and integrated quantum technology.

Geometric parameters optimization on storage performance degradation of ultrasonic motor based on simulation analysis

The performance of ultrasonic motor will drift due to material degradation and other reasons during long-term storage, which will directly affect the working performance after storage. Aiming at the optimization design of geometric parameters for performance storage degradation, this paper takes the piezoelectric constant d31 of ceramic chip and the elastic modulus of colloid as the characterization parameters of product storage degradation, and takes the stator tooth spacing and the thickness of rubber layer as the analysis objects of product geometric parameters optimization, and proposes a simulation analysis method based on finite element model. Through the analysis of the simulation results, it is found that the increase of the stator tooth spacing will lead to the increase of the change rate of the 5-wave modal frequency with the degradation of the material properties, and the decrease of the overall change rate of the amplitude. However, properly reducing the thickness of the adhesive layer can effectively reduce the influence of the degradation of the piezoelectric properties of the ceramic chip and the hardening of the gel on the frequency response characteristics of the stator of the ultrasonic motor under long-term storage.

Numerical investigation of the impact of toothed fins on the heat transfer performance of a shell-and-tube exchanger during phase change material melting process

The poor thermal conductivity of phase transition materials hampers the development of latent heat energy storage devices. There is much scholarly interest in enhancing heat transmission in these materials. Using a finned shell-and-tube exchanger is a traditional strategy for improving the effectiveness of latent thermal energy storage devices. However, the storage systems' actual working volume decreases when many fins are added. Numerous studies have shown that toothed fins are more efficient in transferring heat than regular fins. As a result, it is anticipated that toothed fin latent heat energy storage systems will produce better thermal effects. Unfortunately, the impact of toothed fins on the melting of phase transition materials has only been briefly discussed in published literature. To close this important knowledge gap, this paper thoroughly studies two regularly used fins, namely the annular fin and longitudinal fin with toothed apertures. The impact of different toothed-opening volumes and tooth spacing on the melting process of phase transition materials are examined using numerical simulations. The results show that toothed fins have a 20% lower fin volume than traditional circular and longitudinal fins, which has a marginally less positive impact on phase change material melting times of 1.09% and 0.98%, respectively. The recommended toothed-opening volume and tooth count for the annular fin are 10%–20% and 16 teeth, respectively, whereas the recommended toothed-opening volume and tooth spacing for the longitudinal fin are 10%–20% and 1 mm, respectively. Additionally, the tooth spacing affects heat transfer, in one investigation, decreasing the tooth spacing by 2.5 and 2 times led to reductions in the melting periods of phase change materials of 60 and 70 s, respectively.

The use of esthetic-functional space maintainer in pediatric dentistry: a case report

The use of space maintainers in deciduous and mixed dentition is of significant importance as it helps prevent the development of malocclusions, including those resulting from early tooth loss, by preserving the necessary space for the eruption of permanent teeth. This study aims to report a clinical case of a 10-year-old female patient. The patient presented at the Pediatric Dental Clinic of the School of Dentistry at UFAM with the main complaint of dissatisfaction with her smile. During the anamnesis, the mother reported trauma to elements 51 and 61, and the clinical examination revealed prolonged retention of these elements and malocclusion. After the extraction of the retained elements due to delayed eruption of permanent teeth, the fabrication of a space maintainer appliance was indicated for esthetic and preventive purposes. A Hawley Plate was used for this purpose, and an acrylic tooth was added for esthetic purposes. After a 5-month period of appliance use, the central and lateral incisors erupted naturally in the mouth. This treatment approach resulted in the maintenance of the upper arch perimeter, providing the necessary space for permanent teeth to erupt, thereby preventing dental inclinations and space loss, avoiding the onset of deleterious oral and parafunctional habits, future complex malocclusions, and ensuring the patient’s aesthetic well-being.

Two-stream regression network for dental implant position prediction

In implant prosthesis treatment, the design of the surgical guide heavily relies on the manual location of the implant position, which is subjective and prone to doctor’s experiences. When deep learning based methods has started to be applied to address this problem, the space between teeth are various and some of them might present similar texture characteristic with the actual implant region. Both problems make a big challenge for the implant position prediction. In this paper, we develop a two-stream implant position regression framework (TSIPR), which consists of an implant region detector (IRD) and a multi-scale patch embedding regression network (MSPENet), to address this issue. For the training of IRD, we extend the original annotation to provide additional supervisory information, which contains much more rich characteristic and do not introduce extra labeling costs. A multi-scale patch embedding module is designed for the MSPENet to adaptively extract features from the images with various tooth spacing. The global–local feature interaction block is designed to build the encoder of MSPENet, which combines the transformer and convolution for enriched feature representation. During inference, the RoI mask extracted from the IRD is used to refine the prediction results of the MSPENet. Extensive experiments on a dental implant dataset through five-fold cross-validation demonstrated that the proposed TSIPR achieves superior performance than existing methods.

Simultaneous implantation and tooth preparation technology guided by 3D-printed guide.

Using digital technologies in concurrently performing missing tooth implantation and preparation of remaining teeth is a solution to reduce the number of visits and improve efficiency. This paper proposes a digital process for simultaneously implanting and preparing teeth. It integrates implant surgical guide and 3D-printed tooth preparation guide into a single guide and completes guided implant placement and precise tooth preparation. Based on "repair-oriented" virtual implant planning, the implant surgical guide can improve the efficiency and predictability of implant placement, and its linear accuracy is about 1 mm. The tooth preparation guide precisely guides tooth preparation and restoration space visualization, ensuring the quality of the tooth preparation. The two guides have different design accuracy requirements, and thus their combination improves the overall guiding accuracy requirements. The concurrent application of the two guides minimizes the clinical operation time, number of visits, and economic burden of patients.

Simulation and Validation of Fluid Inertia Effects in External Gear Machines Using Lumped Parameter Modeling

Abstract Lumped parameter modeling is a consolidated technique for analyzing the fluid dynamic behavior of positive displacement machines, owing to their computational swiftness and the ease of integrating other physical domains affecting the operation of the machine. With some very limited exceptions, this modeling technique typically neglects fluid inertia and momentum effects. This paper proposes an approach to study the effects of fluid inertia affecting the pressurization and depressurization of the tooth space volumes of an external gear pump. The approach is based on considering the fluid inertia in the pressurization grooves and inside the control volumes with a peculiar subdivision. Further, frequency-dependent friction is also modeled to provide realistic damping of the fluid inside these channels. Validation of the model has been performed by comparing the lumped parameter model with a full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver. The quantities compared, such as tooth space volume pressures and outlet volumetric flow rate, show a good match between the two approaches for varying operating speeds. A comparison with the experiments supports the modeling approach as well. The paper finally, also discusses which operating conditions and geometries play a significant role that governs the necessity to model such fluid inertia effects in the first place.

A Novel Digitized Method for the Design and Additive Manufacturing of Orthodontic Space Maintainers

Primary dentition is crucial in influencing the emergence of permanent teeth. Premature primary tooth loss can result in undesired tooth motions and space loss in the permanent dentition. Typically, fixed or removable dental appliances are adopted to maintain edentulous space until the eruption of permanent teeth. However, traditional space maintainers have limitations in terms of variability in tooth anatomy, potential allergic reactions in some individuals (i.e., nickel sensitivity), difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene, and patient acceptance. The present study introduces a fully digital framework for the design and manufacturing of customized pediatric unilateral space maintainers using generative algorithms. The proposed approach overcomes the current challenges by using a biocompatible resin material and optimizing the device’s size, design, and color. The methodology involves intraoral scanning, surface selection, and trim, generative 3D modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), and additive manufacturing (AM) through vat photopolymerization. FEA results demonstrate the device’s mechanical performance and reliability, while additive manufacturing ensures design freedom, high resolution, surface finishing, dimensional accuracy, and proper fit. The mechanical interlocking system facilitates easy and effective positioning of the device. This digital approach offers the potential for wider usage of space maintainers and can be further validated through experimental assessments and clinical studies.

Amelioration of Pathological Tooth Migration by Surgical Periodontal Therapy Alone: A Stupendous Clinical Case Report with Two Year Follow up

Moderate-to-severe form of periodontitis is often accompanied by pathological tooth migration. This is characterized by spacing and proclination of teeth. Patients often feel awkward regarding their facial esthetics and seek treatment for the same. Pathological tooth migration is a complex puzzle with various etiological factors to its credit. Treatment often involves time-consuming interdisciplinary approach. Very few case reports have achieved complete resolution of pathological tooth migration by periodontal therapy alone. In this unique case report, periodontal therapy alone could ameliorate pathological tooth migration. Further to it, results are stable for 2 years and continue to be so. Hence, meticulous periodontal therapy is effective in the management of pathologic tooth migration.

Dental Bridge Procedure to Straighten Loose Teeth, A Review

Background: A dental bridge is a treatment that fills spaces or gaps between teeth or fills in missing teeth. Bridges can help restore bite and maintain the natural shape of the face. The procedure for closing or making abutments between the gaping tooth spaces uses dentures (called pontics). Objective: Report and explain the dental bridge process to straighten loose teeth. Materials and Methods: Based on the author's knowledge, this review included theory or case studies from Elsevier, Willey, MDPI, Hindawi Publishing, Dove Press, and Pubmed journals. Several (35 articles) of these manuscripts are then identified for appropriateness with the subjects provided in this study, assessed descriptively, and described based on the manuscript's flow or scientific principles. Results: Pontics are made of porcelain to match the natural color of the teeth. After the pontic is implanted, there is no more space between the teeth. In general, this procedure is needed to: Restore the teeth's ability to bite and chew, Clarify speech when you speak, Maintain facial shape, and Prevent remaining teeth from falling out or shifting positions. Four types of dental bridges are an option to "bridge" the empty dental space: Traditional bridge, Cantilever bridge, Maryland bridge, and Implant-supported dental bridge. Pontic installation through this process must be repeated every 5-15 years, depending on the type of treatment. This paper reports several types of dental bridges that can be used as references to improve understanding of prosthodontics. Conclusion: A dental bridge uses dentures anchored to teeth or implants to replace lost teeth permanently, improving speech, restoring a smile, and preventing tooth loss.

DENTAL SPACE DISCREPANCIES AMONG ADULT ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS IN AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN MALAYSIA

Malocclusion is an abnormal occlusion with regard to the position of the teeth and shows varied prevalence in different parts of the world. Crowding and spacing of teeth are two common features of malocclusion and are described as a lack or excess of space between the teeth. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of crowding and spacing of teeth and their severity among Malaysian adults aged 18–25 visiting our institution, as well as their association with gender. A total of 150 adult patients were evaluated for crowding and spacing using the Boley caliper intra-orally. The severity of crowding and spacing was also noted. The study included Malay (70%), Chinese (25%), and Indian (5%) participants. Descriptive statistics were done and it was observed that crowding was more common in the mandibular arch (80%), whereas spacing was a common malocclusion found in the maxilla (14%). Based on the severity of crowding, it was observed that mild crowding (1-3 mm) was most frequent in both the maxilla (45%) and mandible (53%). However, in terms of spacing, moderate spacing (4-6 mm) (5.3%) was common in the maxilla; whereas in the mandible, mild spacing (1-3 mm) (9.3%). The Chi square analysis did not reveal any significant association between crowding and spacing with gender. Based on these results, it can be concluded that crowding is a common malocclusion affecting the mandibular arch, whereas spacing is common in the maxilla in the young Malaysian population visiting our institution. Both of these malocclusions were of the milder type and did not show any association with gender in our study population Studies conducted on a larger population are required to determine the association of these traits between genders and races in our population.

Supernumerary teeth in a sample of South African dental patients

Supernumerary teeth (SNT) are often associated with malocclusions. Data on SNT in the South African population are not well documented. To determine the prevalence, distribution of characteristics and any associated complications of SNT in a South African sample of dental patients. The study was retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive. Method: Orthopantomographs of 12,005 dental patients were reviewed for the presence of SNT. The number, morphology, location, eruption status and orientation of SNT were assessed. Associated orthodontic problems were noted. The prevalence rate was 2.48%. No sexual dimorphism in the distribution of SNT was noted. Types of SNT tabulated were: supplementary, conical, tuberculate and odontoma. Maxilla demonstrated a higher predilection for SNT. Variation in the distribution of SNT in the anterior, premolar and molar regions in each jaw and across jaws was statistically significant. Relationship of eruption status to the morphology and orientation of SNT was of significance. Malocclusions noted were displacement and impaction of adjacent teeth. From an orthodontic perspective, presence of SNT may compromise tooth movement and space closure in patients. Additionally, as majority of SNT in this population were in the maxillary molar and mandibular premolar regions, caution is advised when planning the placement of orthodontic implants in these regions.

Two-colour dissipative solitons and breathers in microresonator second-harmonic generation

Frequency conversion of dissipative solitons associated with the generation of broadband optical frequency combs having a tooth spacing of hundreds of giga-hertz is a topical challenge holding the key to practical applications in precision spectroscopy and data processing. The work in this direction is underpinned by fundamental problems in nonlinear and quantum optics. Here, we present the dissipative two-colour bright-bright and dark-dark solitons in a quasi-phase-matched microresonator pumped for the second-harmonic generation in the near-infrared spectral range. We also found the breather states associated with the pulse front motion and collisions. The soliton regime is found to be typical in slightly phase-mismatched resonators, while the phase-matched ones reveal broader but incoherent spectra and higher-order harmonic generation. Soliton and breather effects reported here exist for the negative tilt of the resonance line, which is possible only via the dominant contribution of second-order nonlinearity.

CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia in 14 patients: Identification of 8 novel variants and further expansion of the phenotypic spectrum.

Biallelic variants in CHST3 gene result in congenital dislocation of large joints, club feet, short stature, rhizomelia, kypho-scoliosis, platyspondyly, epiphyseal dysplasia, flared metaphysis, in addition to minor cardiac lesions and hearing loss. Herein, we describe 14 new patients from 11 unrelated Egyptian families with CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia. All patients had spondyloepiphyseal changes that were progressive with age in addition to bifid distal ends of humeri which can be considered a diagnostic key in patients with CHST3 variants. They also shared peculiar facies with broad forehead, broad nasal tip, long philtrum and short neck. Rare unusual associated findings included microdontia, teeth spacing, delayed eruption, prominent angulation of the lumbar-sacral junction and atrial septal defect. Mutational analysis revealed 10 different homozygous CHST3 (NM_004273.5) variants including 7 missense, two frameshift and one nonsense variant. Of them, the c.384_391dup (p.Pro131Argfs*88) was recurrent in two families. Eight of these variants were not described before. Our study presents the largest series of patients with CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia from the same ethnic group. Furthermore, it reinforces that lethal cardiac involvement is a critical clinical finding of the disorder. Therefore, we believe that our study expands the phenotypic and mutational spectrum, and also highlights the importance of performing echocardiography in patients harboring CHST3 variants.