Tooth Root Research Articles

A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Evaluation of Root Dilaceration in Permanent Premolars: A Retrospective Study.

As a developmental disorder characterized by an abnormal bend and angle in the longitudinal axis of the tooth root, dilaceration can cause complications in routine dental procedures such as endodontics, orthodontics, and surgical treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dilaceration in maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth in a population of Shiraz city based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This is a retrospective cross-sectional study on 927 premolar teeth and 132 CBCT radiographs of patients obtained from four private radiology clinics in Shiraz (Iran). In this study, the presence, location, direction, and severity of dilaceration in premolar roots as well as its relationship with gender were investigated. Chi-square and Fisher tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 17% of the studied 927 teeth had dilaceration. The prevalence of dilaceration was significantly higher in women than in men (20.3% vs. 13.6%, p= 0.005). The dilaceration rates were significantly higher in the mandibular first and second premolar teeth (31.6% and 26%, p= 0.002) than in the other teeth. In addition, the highest prevalence was in the distal direction with mild severity in the apical third of the root (p< 0.001). According to the results of this study, the prevalence of dilaceration was relatively high in mandibular premolar teeth especially in women.

Bone defect reconstruction after radicular cyst enucleation with bovine bone graft and protein rich plasma: A case report

Background: Radicular cyst enucleation and reconstruction with bone graft is a surgical procedure used to remove a cyst that has formed around a tooth root. The procedure involves making an incision in the gum tissue to expose the cyst, removing the cyst and any affected bone, and then filling the resulting defect with a bone graft. The bone graft is typically taken from the patient's own body, such as from the chin or the iliac crest, and is used to promote new bone growth and help stabilize the surrounding teeth. After the procedure, the gum tissue is sutured back into place, and the patient may be prescribed pain medication and antibiotics to help manage any discomfort or infection. The success of the procedure depends on the size and location of the cyst, as well as the patient's overall oral health. Purpose: To aim management of cyst enucleation and reconstruction bone defect with bovine bone graft and protein rich plasma (PRP). Case(s): A female 19 years old with the chief complaint of the patient have caries io the lower left jaw tooth. The patient complains of frequent oedemmon left cheek site. On panoramic radiologic examination, a radiolucent lesion with a radiopaque border was found in the apical region of tooth 36. Case Management: The patient underwent enucleation of cyst and bone defect reconstruction with general anaesthesia. After 14 days, the sutures were removed and the wound were healed. Conclusion: This case of radicular cyst can be used for guideline with enucleation of radicular cyst and bone defect reconstrtion

Load Carrying Capacity of Case-Carburized Gears with Different Cryogenic Treatments

Abstract Gearboxes of modern drivetrains, e.g., in wind turbines, can be exposed temporarily to low ambient temperatures during their manufacturing or during operation. During manufacturing or assembly, for example, very low temperatures sometimes occur during joining processes due to the cryogenic treatment of the components. In these cases, the temperature depends on the cooling medium used (typically dry ice or liquid nitrogen). Furthermore, depending on the application, gearboxes may be exposed to low ambient temperatures up to -60 °C when used in cold regions. The low temperatures can have an impact on the component properties and thus on the gear load carrying capacity. Therefore, the knowledge of these influences is very important regarding the design and dimensioning of gearboxes. In this publication, further investigations on the load carrying capacity of cryogenic treated gears are presented based on previous research work. The focus is on results on the tooth root and pitting load carrying capacity. The load carrying capacity is analyzed in the context of changes in the component properties as a result of different low temperature treatments, and the dominant influencing factors are identified.

Performance reliability evaluation of high‐pressure internal gear pump

AbstractWith the development of the high‐end equipment technology, the performance requirements of the internal gear pump (IGP) under high pressure are also increasing. However, the increase of working pressure will lead to the instability of gear pump performance in terms of volumetric efficiency, noise, reliability and so on, it is necessary to reasonably evaluate the reliability level of high‐pressure IGP. The reliability analysis of the high‐pressure IGP is carried out from the aspects of flow, noise, and gear strength in this paper. First, the output flow rate and far‐field flow‐induced noise of the high‐pressure IGP were obtained through fluid numerical simulation, and experimental verification was conducted. Then, based on the time‐varying meshing stiffness, backlash function and static transmission error of the gear pair, a nonlinear dynamic model of the internal meshing gear pair was established. The time‐varying meshing force was obtained through the dynamic model of the gear pair, and then the tooth contact stress and tooth root bending stress were obtained. Finally, considering the uncertain factors affecting the performance of the high‐pressure IGP, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) combined with dendrite network (DD) was used for random response modeling. The performance reliability of the high‐pressure IGP, including output flow rate, far‐field flow‐induced noise, and the strength of gear pair, were estimated based on the fourth moment‐based saddlepoint approximation (FMSA). The reliability analysis results can provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization design of the high‐pressure IGP.

Fitting of Different Intraradicular Composite Posts to Oval Tooth Root Canals: A Preliminary Assessment.

The purpose of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis of the fitting of different fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) posts to tooth root canals and determine the resin cement layer thickness. The following GFRC posts were assessed: bundle posts (Rebilda GTTM, VOCO, Germany), sleeve system (SAPTM, Angelus Ind, Brazil), and accessory posts (ReforpinTM, Angelus, Brazil). Twenty-four freshly extracted mandibular single-rooted pre-molars were endodontically treated and divided into six groups, according to the type of GFRC post and resin cement (self-adhesive or conventional dual-cured). Then, specimens were cross-sectioned and inspected by optical microscopy regarding the cement layer thickness and presence of defects such as pores, voids, or fissures were assessed. Bundle and accessory posts revealed a regular distribution of resin cement with a lower number of voids than found with sleeve systems. The sleeve system posts showed poor fitting at the apical portion of the root canals. The type of resin cement did not affect the thickness of the interface, although both bundle and accessory posts allow a better distribution of resin cement and fibers. The present preliminary study reveals interesting insights on the fitting of bundle and accessory posts to root dentin and resin cement layer thickness in oval-shape root canals. The sleeve system posts showed adequate fitting only at the coronal portion of the canals.

Functional extracellular vesicles from SHEDs combined with gelatin methacryloyl promote the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs for pulp regeneration

BackgroundPulp regeneration is a novel approach for the treatment of immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis. This technique includes the combination of stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. Recently, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a new methodology for pulp regeneration. Emerging evidence has proven that preconditioning is an effective scheme to modify EVs for better therapeutic potency. Meanwhile, proper scaffolding is of great significance to protect EVs from rapid clearance and destruction. This investigation aims to fabricate an injectable hydrogel loaded with EVs from pre-differentiated stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and examine their effects on pulp regeneration.ResultsWe successfully employed the odontogenic induction medium (OM) of SHEDs to generate functional EV (OM-EV). The OM-EV at a concentration of 20 µg/mL was demonstrated to promote the proliferation and migration of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The results revealed that OM-EV has a better potential to promote odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs than common EVs (CM-EV) in vitro through Alizarin red phalloidin, alkaline phosphatase staining, and assessment of the expression of odontogenic-related markers. High-throughput sequencing suggests that the superior effects of OM-EV may be attributed to activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Simultaneously, we prepared a photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to construct an OM-EV-encapsulated hydrogel. The hydrogel exhibited sustained release of OM-EV and good biocompatibility for DPSCs. The released OM-EV from the hydrogel could be internalized by DPSCs, thereby enhancing their survival and migration. In tooth root slices that were subcutaneously transplanted in nude mice, the OM-EV-encapsulated hydrogel was found to facilitate dentinogenesis. After 8 weeks, there was more formation of mineralized tissue, as well as higher levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1).ConclusionsThe effects of EV can be substantially enhanced by preconditioning of SHEDs. The functional EVs from SHEDs combined with GelMA are capable of effectively promoting dentinogenesis through upregulating the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, which provides a promising therapeutic approach for pulp regeneration.

The titanium triumph: Exploring the transformative world of dental implants

Dental implants have revolutionized tooth replacement by offering a permanent and lifelike solution. Titanium, due to its exceptional biocompatibility and mechanical properties, has emerged as the material of choice for dental implants. Dr. Per-Ingvar Brånemark's discovery of osseointegration in the 1960s paved the way for the widespread adoption of titanium implants, marking a paradigm shift in dental prosthetics.The aim of this article is to explore the transformative role of titanium in dental implantology, focusing on its properties, evolution, types, advancements, clinical considerations, challenges, and future directions.This review synthesizes literature on the properties of titanium, the evolution of dental implants, types of titanium implants (endosseous, subperiosteal, transosseous), advancements in implant design and technology, clinical considerations, patient outcomes, challenges, and future directions.Titanium exhibits outstanding biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance, making it ideal for dental implants. Endosseous implants, the most common type, mimic natural tooth roots and undergo osseointegration for stability. Subperiosteal implants rest on the jawbone surface, while transosseous implants penetrate through the bone. Advancements in implant design and technology have improved outcomes, but challenges such as peri-implantitis persist.Titanium implants have transformed dental care, offering patients reliable and durable solutions for tooth loss. Despite challenges, ongoing research and technological innovations hold promise for further enhancing implant therapy. The future of dental implants is bright, with continued advancements poised to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Tooth Root Stress Prediction of Helical Gear Pair With Misalignment Errors Based on PSO-BP Neural Network

Tooth Root Stress Prediction of Helical Gear Pair With Misalignment Errors Based on PSO-BP Neural Network

Camelid care essentials: Managing common diseases and disorders

This presentation aims to highlight crucial aspects of man­aging common diseases and disorders in camelids, focusing on llamas and alpacas. With their unique physiological traits and health requirements, camelids present a distinct set of challenges in veterinary care. By understanding and address­ing these challenges, veterinarians can improve the health and welfare of these animals. The conditions covered include Munge, tooth root abscesses, neurological diseases, choke, ar­thritis, GI obstructions, mites, and intestinal parasites.

Automatic planning of maxillary anterior dental implant based on prosthetically guided and pose evaluation indicator.

Preoperative planning of maxillary anterior dental implant is a prerequisite to ensuring that the implant achieves the proper three-dimensional (3D) pose, which is essential for its long-term stability. However, the current planning process is labor-intensive and subjective, relying heavily on the surgeon's experience. Consequently, this paper proposes an automatic method for computing the optimal pose of the dental implant. The method adopts the principle of prosthetically guided dental implant placement. Initially, the prosthesis coordinate system is established to determine the implant candidate orientations. Subsequently, virtual slices of the maxilla in the buccal-palatal direction are generated according to the prosthesis position. By extracting feature points from the virtual slices, the implant candidate starting points are acquired. Then, a candidate pose set is obtained by combining these candidate starting points and orientations. Finally, a pose evaluation indicator is introduced to determine the optimal implant pose from this set. Twenty-two cases were utilized to validate the method. The results show that the method could determine an ideal pose for the dental implant, with the average minimum distance between the implant and the left tooth root, the right tooth root, the palatal side, and the buccal side being mm, mm, mm, mm, respectively. The planning time was less than 9s. Unlike manual planning, the proposed method can efficiently and accurately complete maxillary anterior dental implant planning, providing a theoretical analysis of the success rate of the implant. Thus, it has great potential for future clinical application.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Property of Green Okra Fruit Extract Against Enterococcus Faecalis Bacteria Tooth Root Canals

Background: Root canal treatment aims to eliminate bacteria that cause pulp abnormalities. Enterococcus faecalis is a bacteria in the infected tooth pulp, even those that have been treated. Irrigation was carried out together with biomechanical preparation using a combination of NaOCl and EDTA. The material is antibacterial, dissolves the organic and inorganic tissue of the root canal dentin, lacks odor and irritates the soft tissue. An alternative irrigation material from Jember cultivation is green okra. The fruit contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of green okra fruit extract on the growth of E. Faecalis bacteria. Method: Phytochemical analysis to see the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. Antimicrobial analysis included the inhibition test using disc diffusion, MIC and MBC tests using the dilution method. Samples were green okra fruit extract 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.563%, 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA. The MIC and MBC tests were examined for Optical Density values ​​with a spectrophotometer and then subcultured to see whether there was growth of bacterial colonies. Analysis of the research data used ANOVA and LSD parametric statistical tests Result: Phytochemical content sequentially is Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, Steroids, Terpenoids. Antimicrobial properties Green okra fruit extract concentration of 6.25% had the smallest inhibition zone, the largest OD value and the highest colony count. The concentration of 100% has the largest inhibition zone, the lowest OD, there are no bacterial colonies. Antimicrobial power The concentration of 100% is close to that of 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl. In the Kruskal Wallis test, there were differences in the Mann-Whitney test study group, there were significant differences between all groups Conclusion: The phytochemical content of green okra fruit extract has antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis approaching 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA at 100% concentration, 6.25% MIC concentration and 12.5% ​​MBC concentration. Keywords: Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Green okra fruit extract, Enterococcus faecalis

MULTIPLE RESIDUAL ROOTS EXTRACTIONS AND ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ASSOCIATED PERIAPICAL LESION: A SURGICAL CASE REPORT

Before any surgical intervention in dentistry, it is necessary to plan each case correctly, to induce a positive prognosis for patients, always enabling the functionality of the stomatognathic system. Men tend to have more teeth extracted than women, with more posterior teeth extracted in patients in more advanced age groups due to periodontal disease. The case presented leads to a discussion of the periapical lesions removed surgically. The etiology and study of the evolutionary process of pulp pathology and the supporting tissues of the dental element are substantial. The endo-periodontal interrelationship is unique and can be considered a single continuous system or biological unit with multiple forms of communication. In summary, this article seeks to highlight and report a surgical case of a patient diagnosed with periapical lesions associated with residual tooth roots, which were removed during the common exodontia protocol with the aim of total rehabilitation of the patient. The patient authorized all the images and information used in this study.

Influence of Invisalign precision bite ramp utilization on deep bite correction and root length in adults.

To assess the influence of Invisalign precision bite ramp use on skeletal deep overbite correction and root length and volume of maxillary anterior teeth. This was a retrospective study of 60 adults with skeletal deep overbite. Patients were divided into three groups: Invisalign (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif) with precision bite ramps (Invisalign with Bite Ramps [IBR] = 12), Invisalign with no bite ramps (INBR = 22), and full-fixed appliances (FFA = 26). Cone beam computed tomography records at T1 (pretreatment) and T2 (posttreatment) were used to measure eight skeletal, nine dental, and three soft-tissue cephalometric variables. Maxillary anterior teeth root length (mm), root volume (mm3), and percent root volume loss between T1 and T2 (%) were also recorded. Significant changes from T1 to T2 among the three groups were seen in ANB(o), lower face height (%), ODI (overbite depth indicator) (o), and U1-SN (o). Reduction in root length was significantly less (P < .001) in the INBR and IBR groups compared to the FFA group. Reduction in root volume and percent volume loss were significantly higher in the INBR group compared to the IBR group (P < .001), but the difference between the two Invisalign groups and the FFA group was not significant. Skeletal deep overbite correction using Invisalign with or without bite ramps is comparable to FFA. Reduction in root length was significantly less with Invisalign compared to FFA. Bite ramps influenced root volume and volume loss but not root length.

Association between periodontitis and dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesRecent evidence suggested a link between periodontitis (PD) and dental caries, but the trends and nature of this association remained unclear. The overall aim of this study was to critically assess the correlation of two disorders.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted within the PUBMED and EMBASE databases including grey literatures up to July 5th, 2023. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively evaluate the risk of bias.ResultsOverall, 18 studies were included. In terms of caries risk in PD patients, the prevalence of caries was increased by PD (OR = 1.57, 95%CI:1.20–2.07), both in crown (OR = 1.03, 95%CI:1.01–1.05) and root caries (OR = 2.10, 95%CI:1.03–4.29). Odds of caries were also raised by PD severity (OR moderate = 1.38, 95%CI:1.15–1.66; OR severe = 2.14, 95%CI:1.74–2.64). Besides, patients with PD exhibited a higher mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed and filled root teeth (DFR) [weighted mean difference (WMD)DMFT = 0.87, 95%CI: -0.03–1.76; WMDDFR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.48–1.78]. Likewise, patients with caries had an elevated risk of PD (OR = 1.79, 95%CI:1.36–2.35). However, Streptococcus mutans, one of the main pathogens of caries, was negatively correlated with several main pathogens of periodontitis.ConclusionsThis study indicated a positive correlation between dental caries and periodontitis clinically, while the two disease-associated pathogens were antagonistic.Clinical relevanceFurther research, including clinical cohort studies and mechanisms of pathogens interaction is needed on this link for better prevention and treatment of PD and caries. In addition, innovative prevention strategies need to be developed and incorporated in dental practices to prevent these two highly prevalent oral diseases.

Research progress in methylation modification in tooth root development

Methylation modification is one of the most common epigenetic modification regulation in eukaryotes, including histone methylation, DNA methylation, RNA methylation, etc., which plays an important regulatory role in physiological processes and pathologic occurrence and development. Tooth root development is carried out by both epithelial and mesenchymal cells and involves a variety of cell-molecular interactions. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that methylation plays a key role in the regulation of tooth root development and expands the mechanism network of tooth root development. In this paper, we review the role and mechanism of methylation modification during root development.

An Evaluation Method of Dental Treatment Quality Combined with Deep Learning and Multi-index Decomposition

ABSTRACT Dentists judge that the quality of dental treatment for each patient is very time-consuming and inefficient, lacks quantitative evaluation criteria, and is easy to cause errors. At the same time, the traditional method of extracting tooth and root canal image features based on experience is difficult to accurately extract the tooth area and root canal filling area, resulting in low accuracy of tooth and root canal segmentation, which in turn affects the accuracy of tooth treatment quality evaluation. In this paper, a deep learning convolutional neural network is used to segment the root canal filling area, tooth boundary, and the boundary between tooth and soft tissue for the real patient ‘s root canal treatment and filling image. Finally, the segmented image is quantitatively evaluated according to the multi-evaluation index of professional doctors. The experimental results show that the intelligent evaluation method of dental treatment quality combined with deep learning and multi-index decomposition proposed in this paper not only unifies the evaluation criteria of dental treatment quality but also the therapeutic effect of quantitative scoring can effectively improve the work efficiency of doctors, which has reference significance for the application of artificial intelligence in the medical field.

A Computed Tomographic Study of the Molar Teeth of Babyrousa spp.

A photographic and computed tomography (CT) scanning study was carried out on 295 molar teeth of 18 adult male Babyrousa babyrussa skulls and 8 skulls of Babyrousa celebensis including seven adult males and one adult female. The occlusal morphology of the permanent maxillary and mandibular molar teeth of B. babyrussa was very similar to that of B. celebensis. Most B. babyrussa maxillary molar teeth had six roots, with small numbers of teeth having four, five or seven roots. A similar pattern was suggested in B. celebensis. Mandibular molar teeth had between four and eight roots. Tooth roots of maxillary and mandibular first and second molar teeth were largely tapering, rod-like structures. The roots of the right and left maxillary third molar teeth had a more complex arrangement; some were inserted almost vertically into the maxilla; others were orientated in a more distal direction. The mesial and distal roots were splayed in appearance. The right and left mandibular third molar tooth roots retained elements of the open 'C' shape and were generally orientated distally. The pulp chambers were arched to fit under the main cusps in all molar teeth. Pulp canals were variable in number.

Study on the Vibration Characteristics of the Helical Gear-Rotor-Bearing Coupling System of a Wind Turbine with Composite Faults

As the core component of the wind turbine generation gearbox, the gear-rotor-bearing transmission system typically operates in harsh environments, inevitably leading to the occurrence of composite faults in the system, which exacerbates system vibration. Therefore, it is necessary to study the vibration characteristics of wind turbine helical gear-rotor-bearing transmission systems with composite faults. This paper uses an improved energy method to calculate the theoretical time-varying mesh stiffness of a helical gear with a root crack failure. On the premise of considering the time-varying meshing stiffness of the faulty helical gear, the gear eccentric fault, and the nonlinear support force of the faulty bearing, a multi-degree-of-freedom helical gear-rotor-bearing transmission system with compound faults was established by using the lumped parameter method. The dynamic model of the system was solved based on the Runge–Kutta method, and the vibration response of the system under healthy conditions, single faults with gear eccentricity, single faults with tooth root cracks, and coupled bearing composite faults were simulated and analyzed. The results show that the simulation results based on KISSsoft software 2018 version verify the effectiveness of the improved energy method; the existence of single faults and composite faults will cause the fault characteristics in the time domain and frequency domain responses. In this paper, the influence of a single fault and a complex fault on the time domain and frequency domain of the system is mainly discovered through the fault study of the helical rotor-bearing system, and the influence of the fault degree on the vibration of the gear motion system is discussed. The greater the degree of the fault, the more vibration of the system occurs; accordingly, when the system is under the coupling of tooth root crack and bearing fault, there is a significant difference compared with the healthy system and the single fault system. The system vibration has obvious time domain and frequency domain signal characteristics, including periodic pulse impacts caused by gear faults and time domain impact caused by bearing. The fault characteristic frequencies can also be found in the frequency domain. In this paper, the fault study of a helical gear of wind turbine generation provides a reference for the theoretical analysis of the vibration characteristics of the helical gear-rotor-bearing system under various fault conditions, lays a solid foundation for the simulation and subsequent diagnosis of the composite fault signal of the system, and provides help for the fault diagnosis of wind turbine gearboxes in the future.

Predentin's influence on clastic cell behavior in human external cervical resorption: Evidence from a case study

External cervical resorption (ECR) is an aggressive disease characterized by resorption of the tooth root structure. While the pericanalar resorption-resistant sheet (PRRS) impedes ECR progression towards the pulp, the underlying mechanisms of its protective role in human teeth remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the pathology of ECR in a 31-year-old female patient by employing radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses of an extracted tooth. Histological examination revealed that the PRRS comprised dentin, predentin, and reparative bone-like tissue. Notably, clastic cells were observed on the surfaces of all three tissues within the same specimens. Immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin K demonstrated diminished resorptive activity of clastic cells on predentin compared to dentin and bone-like tissue. These findings suggest a potential role for predentin in attenuating clastic cell activity, potentially serving as the final barrier safeguarding the pulp tissue.

Full life cycle changes of low impacted mandibular third molar associated cystic lesions and adjacent tooth root resorption: a retrospective study

ObjectiveLow impacted third molars are usually asymptomatic and are often found by X-ray examination. The removal of asymptomatic low impacted third molars is one of the most controversial clinical issues in oral and maxillofacial surgery.MethodsIn this study, 806 patients with low impacted mandibular third molars (LIMTMs) (full bony impaction) were analyzed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cystic lesions and adjacent tooth root resorption throughout the patients’ entire life cycle.ResultsThe results showed that the prevalence of adjacent tooth root resorption and cystic lesions was age-related, exhibiting a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; prevalence peaked at the age of 41 to 45 years old, the prevalence rates were 12.50% and 11.11% respectively. And the lowest prevalence rate was 2.86% and 2.44% in ≥ 61 group and 56- to 60-year age group respectively. Age was an independent risk factor for adjacent tooth root resorption of LIMTMs, whereas age and impaction type (especially inverted impaction) were independent risk factors for cystic lesions.ConclusionsThe full life cycle management strategy for LIMTMs may need to be individualized. Surgical removal is recommended for LIMTMs in patients younger than 41 to 45 years, especially for inverted, mesioangular, and horizontally impacted LIMTMs. LIMTMs in patients older than 41 to 45 years may be treated conservatively with regular follow-up, but surgical removal of inverted impacted LIMTMs is still recommended to avoid cyst formation.