Tooth Mobility Research Articles

Assessment of nutritional status in chronic periodontitis patients: A cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study compared the nutritional status of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients who presented with various degrees of severity with systemically healthy individuals using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®) tool along with laboratory analysis of macro- and micronutrients. This research enrolled a total of 84 participants, of which 63 belonged to the CP group while 21 served as healthy controls. The CP patients were divided into three groups of 21 each, based on severity as mild, moderate, and severe. Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level/loss, total number of teeth present [NOT-P], furcation involvement, pathological migration, and tooth mobility), biochemical parameters (lipid, protein, iron profiles, and Vitamin D3 and B12), and the MNA® tool were used to assess the nutritional status of all the participants. The results were analyzed statistically. NOT-P, MNA score, lipid profile (except very-low-density lipoprotein), iron profile (except total iron-binding capacity), and Vitamin D3 showed high significant differences (P < 0.001) among the groups. However, Vitamin B12 and protein profile except for total protein revealed significant differences (P < 0.05). CP can be a contributing risk factor for the development of malnutrition. MNA® tool can be used for assessing the nutritional status of CP patients.

Mean Value of Probing Depth and Tooth Mobility of Abutment Teeth in Patients using Removable Partial Denture

Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are a typical treatment for supplanting missing teeth. Notwithstanding, concerns exist in regards to their effect on the health of the abutment teeth supporting the dental replacement. Objective: To assess the impact of RPDs on the periodontal health of abutment teeth. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients from the Prosthodontics department, Bacha Khan Medical College (Medical Teaching Institute, Mardan) between January 6th, 2020, to June 6th, 2020. Examining profundity (pocket depth among gum and tooth) and tooth versatility were assessed in patients utilizing RPDs. The probing depth was estimated at six focuses around every tooth, and a profundity of 1-3 mm was viewed as typical. Results: The study found no massive contrasts in testing profundity or tooth versatility in view old enough, sort of tooth (front or back), or orientation. Notwithstanding, a genuinely critical affiliation was seen between probing depth and tooth mobility, proposing a possible connection between these two proportions of periodontal wellbeing. Conclusions: This study recommends that while RPD plan itself could not straightforwardly impact explicit periodontal boundaries like probing depth and tooth mobility, keeping up with great oral cleanliness and guaranteeing fitting RPD configuration are pivotal for forestalling expected periodontal issues.

A Comprehensive Approach to Geriatric Patient Care Based on Geriatric Assessment

Background Care for geriatric patients must consider several factors. It is critical to conduct a thorough examination of elderly patients to develop an ideal treatment plan for patients using a series of geriatric assessments. Case report The first patient was a 63-year-old male complaining of an open wound on several loose upper left teeth. It is suspected that he had undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. The second patient was a 70-year-old female having difficulty eating due to a loose upper left tooth with generalized enlarged gingiva. The patient had hypertension and was taking the medication without any supervision. Geriatric Assessment was performed, which included the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) examination, the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Mini-Cognitive. The two patients consulted with the internist before receiving further treatment. Conclusion A comprehensive examination with Geriatric Assessment can help dentists determine the best treatment plan for geriatric patients

Managing Short Root Anomalies in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: Utilizing Resin Wire Splints and Miniscrews for Skeletal Anchorage

Patients with pediatric cancer often undergo multiple therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation. These treatments, while essential, can result in dental developmental issues, including hypodontia, microdontia, short roots, and delayed dental development. This report presents two cases of pediatric patients diagnosed with neuroblastoma who exhibited severe tooth mobility due to short roots as a complication of cancer treatment. Moreover, we investigated the conservative management of the patients’ conditions using resin wire splints and orthodontic miniscrews for skeletal anchorage along with long-term follow-ups to evaluate their prognosis.

In Vivo Validation of a Nanostructured Electrospun Polycaprolactone Membrane Loaded with Gentamicin and Nano-Hydroxyapatite for the Treatment of Periodontitis.

The aim of this research was to validate the use of a gentamicin (GEN) and nano-hydroxiapatite (nHAP)-loaded polycaprolactone nanostructured membrane (NM) as an innovative, highly efficient, low-cost treatment for periodontitis. We conducted an in vivo study on Wistar rats, in which we induced periodontitis by placing silk ligatures around the first right and left upper molars. The subjects were divided into three groups; the first group received no periodontal treatment, the second group received open flap debridement, and the third group received open flap debridement, together with the positioning of the GEN and nHAP-loaded nanostructured membrane as a treatment. The extent of periodontal regeneration was assessed by the periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, dental plaque, microbiological analysis, concentration of MMP-8 in saliva, plasma levels of CRP, and histological analysis. The results showed that using open flap debridement with the NM is more efficient, and it significantly reduces the probing depth, extent of bleeding on probing, dental mobility, bacterial plaque, and pathogenic flora. The concentrations of MMP-8 and CRP decrease. The histological analysis demonstrated that NM leads to bone regeneration. Our study indicates that gentamicin and nano-hydroxyapatite embedded in the fiber of the biodegradable membranes might be a promising therapeutic option for periodontitis treatment.

Comparative evaluation of treatment of angular bone defect related to over-erupted tooth using guided tissue regeneration (GTR) followed by orthodontic intrusion (OI) versus OI followed by GTR: a controlled clinical trial

BackgroundPrematurity resulted from pathological migration of periodontally involved teeth with the loss of vertical stopping points between teeth, which can lead to teeth over eruption with dimensional changes favoring occlusal discrepancies. Therefore, evaluating and comparing the effect of guided tissue regeneration followed by orthodontic intrusion as opposed to orthodontic intrusion tracked by guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of an over-erupted tooth with angular bone loss.MethodsTwenty teeth in ten cases were selected with at least two teeth with vertical over-eruption and angular bone loss with the presence of their opposing. In group one, ten teeth over-erupted were treated by guided tissue regeneration followed by orthodontic intrusion, whereas, in group two, ten teeth over-erupted were treated by orthodontic intrusion followed by guided tissue regeneration. They were evaluated clinically for pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and tooth mobility. Radiographical evaluation assessed by cone beam computed tomography.ResultsClinically, there existed a statistically significant difference (P value ≤ 0.05) in favor of group one at six months post and in favor of group two at one year from re-evaluation regarding pocket depth and tooth mobility. Radiographically, in group one, there was a statistically significant improvement (P value ≤ 0.05) at six months post-guided tissue regeneration or orthodontic intrusion regarding defect depth and dimensional changes of the defect area, with a statistically significant difference (P value ≤ 0.05) in favor of group two at one year from re-evaluation phase regarding defect depth and defect area dimensional changes.ConclusionThere was a short-term improvement in group one, which deteriorated over a long period compared with group two, so it is preferable to start orthodontic intrusion before guided tissue regeneration.

Evaluation of the Periotest Device as an Objective Measuring Tool for Tooth Mobility—A Clinical Evaluation Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to allow researchers to evaluate the Periotest device as a reproducible tool that can be trusted to carry out accurately reproducible and comparable tooth mobility readings. Methods: A reproducibility test was initially conducted taking Periotest recordings for #16 every 10 min with 1 min intervals. Each time, three readings were recorded, and the average of the three was noted. This was followed by recordings for three different subject groups varying in age that were seen three times in 4 weeks, with 2-week intervals between each appointment; recordings were taken of #11, #13 and #16. Nonparametric analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was carried out. Results: For the reproducibility test, the values of all three readings for each recording session were either exactly the same or differed by up to ±2 Periotest value units. p-value results in the three patient groups showed no significant difference in Periotest values between appointments, with the minor exception of #16 in all three groups, but this was well within the limits of error of the device. Conclusions: Analysis of the Periotest readings in this study indicates that positive (higher) Periotest values correspond to increased tooth mobility.

Periodontal pockets: Predictors for site-related worsening after non-surgical therapy-A long-term retrospective cohort study.

To evaluate site-related changes in periodontal pocket depth (PPD) after non-surgical periodontal therapy and to identify predictors for PPD changes in a retrospective patient data analysis. PPD, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility (TM), furcation involvement (FI), abutment status, adherence to supportive periodontal care (SPC) and SPC follow-ups were obtained from fully documented patient data before periodontal therapy (baseline, T0), after active periodontal therapy (APT, T1) and during SPC (T2). PPD changes were classified into deteriorated or unchanged/improved at the site level. Multi-level logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing PPD changes during SPC. This retrospective study included 51 females and 65 males (mean T0 age: 54.8 ± 10.1 years, 25 smokers, 12 diabetics) suffering from Stage III/IV periodontitis. Evaluation outcome: T0/16,044 sampling sites/2674 teeth; T1/15,636/2606; T2/14,754/2459. During 9.0 ± 2.3 years SPC, PPD decreased (-1.33 ± 0.70 mm) by 21.8% of the sites, remained unchanged by 41.4% and increased (1.40 ± 0.78 mm) by 36.8%. Distopalatal FI (p < .001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.252, 95% confidence interval [CI] for OR: 0.118-0.540), residual pockets (p < .001, OR: 0.503, 95% CI: 0.429-0.590) and TM Degrees I-III (Degree I: p = .002, OR: 0.765, 95% CI: 0.646-0.905; Degree II: p = .006, OR: 0.658, 95% CI: 0.489-0.886; Degree III: p = .023, OR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.180-0.879) correlated significantly with increasing PPD. Over 75% of PPD remained unchanged or increased during SPC. Distopalatal FI, TM Degrees I-III and residual pockets after APT lead to worsening of periodontal pockets.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Stem Cells Therapy in the Periodontal Regeneration: A Meta-Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Study.

Stem cell therapy for periodontal defects has shown good promise in preclinical studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of stem cell support on the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues in periodontal treatment. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched and patients with periodontal defects who received stem cell therapy were included in this study. The quality of the included articles was assessed using Cochrane's tool for evaluating bias, and heterogeneity was analyzed using the I2 method. An Mendelian randomizationinvestigation was conducted using abstract data from the IEU public databases obtained through GWAS. Nine articles were included for the meta-analysis. Stem cell therapy effectively rebuilds periodontal tissues in patients with periodontal defects, as evidenced by a reduction in probing depth, clinical attachment level andbone defect depth . And delta-like homolog 1 is a protective factor against periodontal defects alternative indicator of tooth loosening. The findings of this research endorse the utilization of stem cell treatment for repairing periodontal defects in individuals suffering from periodontitis. It is recommended that additional extensive clinical investigations be carried out to validate the efficacy of stem cell therapy and encourage its widespread adoption.

Pregnant women's attitudes and knowledge about oral health

Background: Good oral health of pregnant women is important for their own health and the health of the fetus and can reduce the risk of complications in pregnancy. The development of early childhood caries is associated with the transfer of bacteria from the mother's oral cavity, and there is a need to promote oral health during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate attitudes and knowledge regarding oral health and infant oral health among pregnant women. Materials and methods: The study involved 130 pregnant women in the Republic of North Macedonia who completed an anonymous online questionnaire (Google Forms) from January to June 2022. The questionnaire was divided into three parts. The first part contained questions about the general demographic data of the respondents and their own experience with oral health in pregnancy. The second part was related to the knowledge of the relationship between oral health and pregnancy. The third section consisted of questions related to knowledge about the oral health of children at the earliest age. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: The study involved 130 pregnant 19 to 42-year-old women. The women are most informed about oral health in pregnancy from their dentists (30.8 %), but least from doctors of family medicine (3.1%). In pregnancy, gingival bleeding was observed by 60.8 % of respondents, and tooth mobility by 22.3 %. The chi-square test found that there was a difference in attitude regarding the age at which they should stop breastfeeding between respondents who had their first pregnancy and those who already had children (Chi-square value =13.216, p = 0.004, p &lt; 0.05). Only 20.5 % of respondents are aware that breastfeeding can cause tooth decay. Linear regression analysis showed that pregnant women's knowledge about the association between pregnancy and periodontal diseases is statistically significantly positively associated with their gynecologist's advice to visit a dentist (β = 1.282, p ≤ 0.001). In addition, pregnant women's knowledge about children's oral health is statistically significantly negatively associated with women already having children (β = -0.693, p = 0.043). Conclusion: Pregnant women in the Republic of North Macedonia do not have sufficient knowledge, and they are neither aware of the importance of oral health during pregnancy nor infant oral health.

Maxillary Osteomyelitis: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges

Osteomyelitis, a condition characterized by inflammatory bone infection involving the medullary cavity, haversian systems, and periosteum, is relatively rare but grave. Historically more prevalent prior to the antibiotic era, it remains a formidable challenge, particularly when comorbid with systemic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus. This case report details the presentation of a 70-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presenting with maxillary osteomyelitis, evidenced by tooth mobility, purulent discharge, and exposed bone areas. Radiographic assessment revealed extensive maxillary bone involvement, corroborated by histopathological examination confirming chronic osteomyelitis. Treatment entailed partial maxillectomy under local anesthesia, necessitated by financial constraints, followed by subsequent monitoring and prosthesis placement. This case underscores the significance of timely diagnosis, interdisciplinary management, and the complexities inherent in treating osteomyelitis complicated by systemic diseases.

Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide and Gingerols Mixture as a Novel Obturation Material for Infected Root in Primary Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The tendency to use dental materials of plant origin is one of the prevailing trends in dentistry to reduce exposure to materials that could have some toxic impact in the long term. To evaluate the efficacy of calcium hydroxide combined with gingerols (Ginge-Cal) as a novel obturation material for treating infected primary teeth and decreasing the recurrence of infection. The study was conducted on 30 lower primary molars with infected pulp for children aged 4-8 years. The sample was randomly divided into two groups depending on the tested obturation material: Ginge-Cal group and the Metapex group. The evaluation was done by different parameters clinically and radiographically at various intervals up to 12 months. Based on chi-squared and McNamara's test with a 5% significance level, the clinical results indicated that Ginge-Cal group was more effective than the Metapex group in reducing or eliminating pain (P=0.467) after 1 week, sensitivity to percussion (P=0.090) at 3 months of follow-up, purulent swelling (P=0.444) at 6 and 9 months of follow-up, fistula, and tooth mobility. The radiographic results, based on the periapical and furcation area radiolucency at 12 months of follow-up, favored Ginge-Cal group over the Metapex group (P=0.683), (P=0.456), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in pathological root resorption and periodontal space. The differences within the Ginge-Cal group were directly influenced by the time intervals in a statistically significant manner, ranging from (P=0.004) to (P < 0.001). The success percentage was 87.5% for Ginge-Cal group and 64.3% for Metapex group. Ginge-Cal can be considered a promising material for treating the infected root canal when used as an obturation material for the infected root canal. This trial is registered with NCT05181813.

Primary hyperoxaluria: Description of a new oral finding and review of literature.

Oro-dental manifestations of hyperoxaluria and dental management of affected patients are rarely reported in the literature. We describe a new oral presentation of primary hyperoxaluria (PH) and review relevant literature about oro-dental manifestations and management of dental complications of hyperoxaluria. A case report of a 44-year-old female who presented with symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction due to hyperoxaluria was described according to the CARE guidelines. In addition, an extensive search of biomedical databases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Embase) for articles describing oro-dental manifestations and/or dental management in patients with hyperoxaluria was performed using the key words ("oral" and/or "hyperoxaluria" and/or "dental" and/or "oxalosis"). Included articles were reviewed and data about patient demographics, disease type and stage, oral and dental manifestations, and dental treatment outcome were retrieved and analyzed. A total of 14 articles describing the oral and dental manifestations in 15 patients with hyperoxaluria were included. Tooth mobility, root resorption, and radiographic alterations were consistently described in all cases. Oral manifestations were described mainly in PH at late stages, and only after the onset of chronic renal disease. Dental management in all reported cases was palliative and aimed to relive pain and treat periodontal infection. Tooth loss due to extraction or uncontrolled mobility was the ultimate outcome in almost all reported cases. Oral and dental manifestations in hyperoxaluria are rarely reported in the literature. Management of tooth mobility and root resorption in hyperoxaluria is challenging and clinical guidelines and evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Early diagnosis and treatment of hyperoxaluria might be the only effective approach to prevent dental and periodontal complications of the disease.

Self– reported oral health and oral health– related quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus in a tertiary health facility

BackgroundConsidering the inter-relationship between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and oral tissues, assessment of oral health status in relation to glycemic control might be informative about the disease condition, which might be pivotal to appropriate management and ultimately improve life satisfaction. This study therefore aimed to assess the pattern of self-reported diabetes related oral conditions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients with DM at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria.Materials and methodsA cross- sectional study using an interviewer administered questionnaire was conducted among in- and out- patients being managed for DM by the Endocrinology unit of the hospital. Data collected included bio-data, medical history, self-reported oral conditions and dental service utilisation. The impact of oral health related quality of life was measured using OHIP-14. Oral examination was done to assess oral mucosal lesions and their oral hygiene status. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.ResultsEighty-four patients with diabetes consisting 23 (27%) in-patients and 61 (63%) out-patients were enrolled. Males were 26(31%) and females 58(69%); their ages ranged from 22 to 88 years with a mean of 60.9 ± 12.8 years. Most (67%) of the participants had one or more self-reported oral complaints, dryness (20.4%) being the most common and bad breath (4.6%) as the least reported. Poor glycemic level was found to be higher among the in-patients (82%) with random blood glucose > 200 mg/dL during admission, compared to the out-patient participants (51%) who had fasting plasma glucose > 110 mg/dL. Their oral hygiene status was assessed using simplified oral hygiene index and documented as fair (65%), poor (25%) and good (10%). About two-thirds (61%) had ever visited a dentist, majorly due to toothache. Only the pain (21.9%) and physical disability (26.3%) components of OHIP-14 were mainly found to affect the participants’ OHRQOL.ConclusionsThis study found high rate of self- reported DM related oral conditions notably oral dryness, and periodontal diseases particularly as teeth mobility and spontaneous exfoliation. Nonetheless, most of the study participants had fair OHRQoL while its physical pain, functional limitation and psychological disability components were most reported.

Clinical Evaluation of Impact of Acrylic Partial Dentures on the periodontal conditions of abutments

Aim: To evaluate the impact of wearing removable partial dentures on the periodontal health of abutments and find outtheage and gender association. Study design: Descriptive case series. Place and duration: Prosthodontic department of Lahore Medical and Dental College Lahore, from15th January till 15thJuly 2023. Methodology: A total of 70 patients of both genders participated in the study. Removable dentures were delivered to the patients and they were recalled after one month of denture insertion to evaluate the abutment health, gingival recession was checked in terms of its presence or absence, plaque and gingival health index assessment were done using Loe and Silness index. Tooth mobility was checked by using Millar’s classification. Mean and SD was computed for quantitative data. Age and gender correlation was assessed using Pearson Chi -square test. Significant level was set to p&lt;0.05. Results: A total 41.4%males and 58.6% females were selected. A total of 68.6% maxillary partial dentures whereas 31.4% mandibular partial dentures were inserted. Gingival health index showed maximum patients with good health 57.1%. Dental plaque index of maximum patients 77.1% fell under zero score. Tooth mobility score of zero was frequently found in abutments 78.6%. Gingival recession around the abutments after one month of denture insertion was found in 15.7%whereas 84.3% abutments remained healthy. Association of Gingival index, plaque index, tooth mobility and gingival recession with gender did not show statistical significance however with respect to age significant results were obtained. Tooth mobility had no association with age. Conclusion: Removable partial dentures use does not disturb the periodontal health of abutments if well fabricated dentures are provided and good oral hygiene maintenance protocolsare followed. Patients’ education regarding denture use along with regular recall visits are of utmost importance. Keywords: Abutment, Acrylic dentures, dental plaque, Removable partial dentures, Periodontal health, periodontal diseases.

Genetic evidence strengthens the bidirectional connection between oral health status and psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundObservational studies cannot accurately infer the causal associations between oral health status and psychiatric disorders. MethodsWe conducted univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with eight oral health statuses (periodontitis, DMFS, Nteeth, toothache, loose teeth, painful gums, bleeding gums, and mouth ulcers) and four psychiatric disorders (Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), anxiety and stress-related disorder (ASRD), and Bipolar Disorder (BIP)) as instrumental variables. Genetic data were sourced from the Gene-lifestyle interactions in dental endpoints (GLIDE), UK Biobank, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), and Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) approach, supported by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, was employed. ResultsGenetically predicted mouth ulcers were significantly linked to higher MDD (OR = 2.17, 95 % CI: 1.33‐–3.54, P< 0.01) and BIP risks (OR = 2.25, 95 % CI: 1.22–4.15, P = 0.01). BIP heightened bleeding gums risk (OR = 1.01, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.01, P < 0.01). These associations were adjusted for smoking status and alcohol consumption. Painful gums were significantly associated with MDD risk (OR = 96.48, 95 % CI: 2.66–3495.28, P = 0.01), while MDD raised periodontitis risk (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI: 1.24–3.75, P = 0.01), both confounded by smoking and alcohol. Relatively small effects between several variables, while others could not withstand correction for multiple tests. LimitationsThe sample size and limitation to European populations limits the study generalizability. ConclusionsThis study provide evidence of possible causal relationships between several oral health conditions and mental illness. Focusing on oral health and valuing mental health are important for each other and overall health.

Occurrence of Depression and its Association with Oral Health in Elderly People Living in Old Age Homes of Mathura.

Depression can affect oral health as a result of neglecting oral hygiene procedures which leads to an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. To determine relationship between oral health and depression among elder people residing in old age homes of Mathura city. The study was conducted among 500 subjects aged ≥60 years where dental condition, number of missing teeth, removable denture wearing, teeth mobility, periodontal condition, pocket depth, loss of attachment, and depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale were assessed. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship of the PHQ-9 value with DMFT and MT. Among people aged 60 years and over, severity of depression increased with higher number of MT and DT.

Common Reasons for Permanent Tooth Extraction and Its Correlation with Demographical Factors in Kabul, Afghanistan.

The aim of this survey was to investigate the main reasons for extraction of permanent teeth, and its correlation with age, gender, education level, smoking habits, and time of last dental visit, family income, and professions in Kabul, Afghanistan. The study proposal was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Khatam AL Nabieen and was conducted over a period of 5 months; its population consisted 594 patients, aged 10-70 years, who underwent extraction. The frequency distribution was calculated using X2 test, ANOVA and t-test for differences in mean number of patients. A total of 594 patients underwent extraction. The highest rate (53.8%) of extraction occurred for those 21-40 years old. Females compromised 51.3% of patients. Two hundred (33.6%) patients were uneducated. Tooth loss due to caries was 30.1%; patient-request was 18.3%; impacted teeth was 14.4%. Other causes were periodontal reasons, failed root canal therapy (RCT), Tooth mobility, and Root fractures. The result of this survey indicated that caries, patient request, and impaction were the leading reasons for tooth extraction. The majority of patients were uneducated, and had insufficient family income. Most of the patients were housewives and laborers.

Poor Glycemic Control Increases Dental Risk in a Sri Lankan Population.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of diabetes-related factors on the dental disease outcomes of diabetes patients in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Materials and Methods: Dental data were collected from 80 type-2-diabetic individuals. A dental risk score was calculated based on the frequency of dental outcomes observed and categorized as low risk (≤3 dental outcomes) and high risk (>3 dental outcomes). Results: In this cohort of men and women with type 2 diabetes, there was a high frequency of periodontal related outcomes, including missing teeth (70%), gingival recessions (40%), tooth mobility (41%), and bleeding (20%). Thirty-nine (39%) of participants had high dental risk, while forty-nine (61%) had low risk. Conclusions: After controlling for age, participants with higher capillary blood glucose levels had 3-fold greater odds of a high dental risk score (OR = 2.93, 95%CI = 1.13, 7.61). We found that poor glycemic control indicated by elevated capillary blood glucose was associated with increased dental risk.

СПЕКТР МИКРОФЛОРЫ ПАРОДОНТАЛЬНОГО КАРМАНА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ПАРОДОНТИТОМ СРЕДНЕЙ СТЕПЕНИ ТЯЖЕСТИ

The purpose of the study. To evaluate the quantitative composition of the microflora of the periodontal pocket in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity. Materials and methods. The study group included 39 patients, of which: 41% (16/39) were men, 59% (23/39) were women, with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity at the age of 48.9±2.3 years. To determine the dental status, clinical research methods were used (questioning, examination), determination of the Green-Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), (PMA) modified by Parma, the Mulleman-Cowell bleeding index, the degree of pathological tooth mobility was determined using the Miller scale (Miller) modified by Flesar, the complex periodontal index (CPI), identified furcation defects according to the classification of Lindhe J. (1983).Quantitative assessment of the periodontal pockets microflora was performed. Reagent kits “RIBO-prep” (Next-Bio LLC, Russia), DENTOSKRIN® (NPF Litech LLC, Russia) were used to isolate RNA/DNA from clinical material and subsequent analysis by polymerase chain reaction. Spectrum of identifiable bacteria: Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia.The results of the study and their discussion. Fusobacterium nucleatum was found in 84.6% (33) of patients in periodontal pockets, 30.8% (12) – Treponema denticola, 28.2% (11) – Prevotella intermedia, 17.9% (7) – Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porhyromonas endodontalis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was isolated only in 5.1% (2) of individuals, Tannerella forsythia – in 2.6% (1). Combinations of 4 microorganisms were detected in 20.5% (8), from 3 - in 12.8% (5), from 2 - 15.4% (6). In 12.8% (5) of the examined patients were not isolated from any of the studied periodontal pathogens. When checking correlations between the level of hygiene and the number of pathogenic microorganisms detected, a moderate direct relationship was established between the value of the OHI-S index and the amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum r=0.36 (p&lt;0.05) and Prevotella intermedia r=0.30 (p&lt;0.05), as well as a moderate direct relationship between the value of the PMA index and the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis r=0.33 (p&lt;0.05), Porphyromonas endodontalis r=0.31 (p&lt;0.05), Prevotella intermedia r=0.30.Conclusion. In patients with chronic periodontitis of moderate severity, a microbial biofilm is formed on the surface of the periodontium, represented by anaerobic bacteria. In periodontal pockets, the amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia increases with the deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavty. With the development of inflammation in the gum tissues, periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis are more often detected, having more aggressive invasive and toxic properties in relation to periodontal tissues.