Maxillary Osteomyelitis: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges

Abstract

Osteomyelitis, a condition characterized by inflammatory bone infection involving the medullary cavity, haversian systems, and periosteum, is relatively rare but grave. Historically more prevalent prior to the antibiotic era, it remains a formidable challenge, particularly when comorbid with systemic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus. This case report details the presentation of a 70-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presenting with maxillary osteomyelitis, evidenced by tooth mobility, purulent discharge, and exposed bone areas. Radiographic assessment revealed extensive maxillary bone involvement, corroborated by histopathological examination confirming chronic osteomyelitis. Treatment entailed partial maxillectomy under local anesthesia, necessitated by financial constraints, followed by subsequent monitoring and prosthesis placement. This case underscores the significance of timely diagnosis, interdisciplinary management, and the complexities inherent in treating osteomyelitis complicated by systemic diseases.