Identification Of Teeth Research Articles

Identification of primary teeth by ‘MICAP’-a new tooth notation system

BackgroundVarious tooth notations are taught and demonstrated to students in undergraduate dental programme. Aimto identify the primary teeth using a new notation ‘MICAP’ (M-molar, I –incisor, C- canine, P – premolar) as dental charting tool. Subjects & methodsA mock dental charting based on MICAP format was developed. Undergraduate dental students (N = 176) divided into Group A [(pre clinical) n = 85] and Group B [ (clinical) n = 91], identified & notified five randomly selected primary teeth after MICAP demonstration by video and lecture. Pearson chi square test was used to analyse the data. ResultsApproximately ≥80% students correctly notified the teeth in MICAP format. Group B, comparing to A, had a better association to recognize #2dM [X2, 95% CI: 11.82, 0.278 (0.131, 0.591), p = 0.001] as mandibular deciduous right 2nd molar and write correctly ‘Maxillary deciduous left 2nd molar’ [X2, 95% CI: 16.98, 0.186 (0.79, 0.437), p = <0.001] into MICAP format [#dM2]. In addition, group B had more association (X2: 18.8, P = 0.001) on the response ‘MICAP could be adopted in dental charting’. ConclusionPrimary teeth could be identified by new notation (MICAP) format by undergraduate dental students. However, study module in dental curriculum and further more data are required before it may serve an alternate method of dental charting.

Qualitative analysis of teeth and evaluation of amalgam elements penetration into dental matrix using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.

In this study, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used for qualitative analysis of healthy and carious teeth. The technique of laser ablation is receiving increasing attention for applications in dentistry, specifically for the treatment of teeth such as drilling of micro-holes and plaque removal. A quality-switched (Q-switched) Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser operating at wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 90 mJ/pulse, repetition rate of 2Hz and pulse duration of 6 ns was used in this analysis. In the process of ablation a luminous micro-plasma is normally generated which may be exploited for on-line elemental analysis via laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique. We propose laser induced breakdown spectroscopy as a rapid, in situ and easy method for monitoring drilling process. The results of elemental analysis show the presence of some trace elements in teeth including P, Ca, Mg, Zn, K, Sr, C, Na, H, O and the permeability of some amalgam (teeth filling materials) elements including Hg, Ag, Cu and Sn into dental matrix. This study addresses the ability of LIBS in elemental analysis of teeth and its feasibility in acute identification of healthy and carious teeth during drilling process for future clinical applications.

Gender identification and morphologic classification of tooth, arch and palatal forms in Saudi population.

Aims:To determine various tooth form, arch form, and palatal form with gender identification between males and females of the Saudi population.Materials and Methods:Irreversible hydrocolloid impressions were made of the maxillary teeth of 100 dentate male and female subjects to obtain study casts. A standardized procedure was adopted to photograph the maxillary dental arches and the maxillary central incisors on the study casts taken from each subject. The outline form of tooth, arch, and palatal form were determined using a standardized method. The average of six prosthodontist's evaluation was considered who classified the outline tracings visually. The statistical analysis was performed using Chi-Square and results tabulated.Results:The predominant tooth is combination form in males and ovoid form in females, the predominant arch is ovoid form in males and square form in females and the predominant palatal form are both U and V shaped in males and U-shaped in females.Conclusion:Except for the tooth form there was a significant difference with arch and palatal form among males and females of the population group studied. The determined tooth, arch and palatal forms are useful in selection and arrangement of artificial teeth among Saudi edentulous population group. Generalizing from the study is questionable as the sample size is small. Further studies should be conducted in a larger sample to confirm the study results

Design of Computer Vision and Image Processing Technology Based Car Keys Tooth Identification Detection System

This paper can be used as acar key toothed recognition and detection technology and computer vision, imageprocessing technology combined with interdisciplinary applications. Car lockassembly complicated procedures, identification and car keys tooth detection isone of the key aspects of automotive lock assembly, lock a direct impact on theefficiency of the assembly process. The system can effectively improve theexisting car key tooth detection technology to reduce the cost of car keystooth detection recognition, while also rapid and accurate identification, sothat the entire lock assembly process much more efficient.

American alligator proximal pedal phalanges resemble human finger bones: Diagnostic criteria for forensic investigators

A scientific approach to bone and tooth identification requires analysts to pursue the goal of empirical falsification. That is, they may attribute a questioned specimen to element and taxon only after having ruled out all other possible attributions. This requires analysts to possess a thorough understanding of both human and non-human osteology, particularly so for remains that may be morphologically similar across taxa. To date, forensic anthropologists have identified several potential ‘mimics’ for human skeletal remains, including pig teeth and bear paws. Here we document another possible mimic for isolated human skeletal elements—the proximal pedal phalanges of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) closely resemble the proximal and intermediate hand phalanges of adult humans. We detail morphological similarities and differences between these elements, with the goal of providing sufficient information for investigators to confidently falsify the hypothesis that a questioned phalanx is derived from an American alligator.

Hodnocení shody identifikace lidských stálých zubů v závislosti na jejich zachovalosti

Hodnocení shody identifikace lidských stálých zubů v závislosti na jejich zachovalosti

Advanced Imaging Techniques in Endodontology: A Review

Variations in the external morphologic features of the crowns of the teeth accord with variations in the shape and size of the head. The length of the crown varies with the size and sex of the person and is generally shorter in females than in males. As the external morphology varies from person to person, so does the internal morphology of the crown and root. Anatomical variability of the teeth is often a complicating factoring root canal treatment and many different methods have been used to investigate the tooth morphology. Every root canal has its own individual form, therefore guidelines are required in both endodontic practice and for the purpose of research. The currently accepted concepts of root canal treatment require knowledge of root canal length. The success of endodontic treatment depends on the identification of teeth requiring treatment and then the recognition of the root canal system, so that it can be cleaned, shaped and obturated. False assumptions about the root canal anatomy of the teeth may lead to misdiagnosis, missed canals, improper debridement and breakage of instruments during root canal treatment. However, in order to achieve this, it is imperative that the operator should have detailed knowledge of the root canal anatomy of the tooth being treated. This review article emphasizes on the various techniques used in endodontics for studying the root canal morphology. Review Article Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(5): 790-804, 2014 791

Odontogenic inflammatory processes of head and neck in computed tomography examinations.

SummaryBackgroundInfections of odontogenic origin are the most common cause of inflammatory disease of head and neck region. Computed tomography allows for defining localization and extent of inflammatory lesions, visualizes soft tissue involvement, presence of an abscess or an osteolytic lesion around causative tooth.The aim of this study was to assess pathways, by which odontogenic infections spread into respective deep head and neck structures in computed tomography examination, taking into account the following criteria: frequency of involvement of respective deep cervical spaces, possibility to determine a probable causative tooth and concordance with the results of clinical examination.Material/MethodsThirty-eight patients cervicofacial inflammatory disease had undergone CT examination of head and neck region with a 64-slice CT scanner after intravenous contrast administration.ResultsAbscess was reported in 30 (79%) cases, while inflammatory infiltration was diagnosed in remaining 8 (21%) patients. There was full concordance between radiological report and intraoperative report In 33 cases (87%). The most commonly involved cervical space was masticator space – 31 patients (82%), followed by submandibular space – 27 patients (71%). Dental examination was impossible in 29 patient because of trismus. During analysis of CT studies we evaluated maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes for presence of osteolytic bone lesions around causative teeth roots and we found them in 30 cases (79%). In 32 cases (84%) cervicofacial infection were of mandibular odontogenic origin.ConclusionsIn most cases CT study in patients suspected of odontogenic craniofacial infection revealed presence of an abscess, needing urgent surgery. Inflammatory infiltration of dental origin most frequently involves masticator space, followed by submandibular space. In most cases CT scanning allows for identification of causative teeth, especially when trismus makes detailed clinical examination impossible.

Comparison between electrochemical ELISA and spectrophotometric ELISA for the detection of dentine sialophosphoprotein for root resorption

Root resorption is an undesirable sequela of orthodontic treatment. It is necessary to establish sensitive methods for identification of teeth at risk for resorption. The x-ray is the traditional method to diagnose root resorption, which is often at a late stage. Some researchers used enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay (ELISA) combined with spectrophotometry to study some biochemical markers of root resorption. However, spectrophotometric detection often has a poor detection limit. Electrochemical detection has inherent advantages over spectrophotometric detection, which is especially suitable for small biologic samples. We used ELISA combined with electrochemistry and ELISA combined with spectrophotometry to measure the biochemical marker dentine sialophosphoprotein in gingival crevicular fluid of orthodontic patients (treated for 8-12 months). Standard dentine sialophosphoprotein was used to calculate the linear regression equation. No significant difference was found between the electrochemical outcome and the spectrophotometric outcome. But the electrochemical results extended the lower end of detection from 5 pg per milliliter (by spectrophotometry) to 0.5 pg per milliliter. These results showed that ELISA combined with electrochemistry is a reliable and sensitive method to detect dentine sialophosphoprotein in gingival crevicular fluid.

Technical Note: Anatomic identification of isolated modern human molars: Testing procrustes aligned outlines as a standardization procedure for elliptic fourier analysis

The determination of the precise position of permanent first and second modern human molars, following standard tooth identification criteria, is often difficult because of their morphological similarities. Here, we proposed to evaluate the suitability of two-dimensional crown contour shape analysis in achieving this objective. The method was tested separately on 180 first and second maxillary molars (UM) and 180 first and second mandibular molars (LM) securely identified (in anatomical position in their sockets). Generalized Procrustes superimposition is used to normalize the outlines prior to applying elliptic Fourier analyses ("EFAproc" method). Reliability and effectiveness of this morphometric procedure was evaluated by comparing the results obtained for the same dataset with four other morphometric methods of contour analysis. Cross-validated ("leave one individual out") percentages of misclassification yielded by linear discriminant analyses were used for determining the anatomic position of modern human molars. The percentages of misclassifications obtained from every method of contour analysis were low (1.67% to 3.33% for the UM, 5.56% to 6.67% for the LM) indicating the high suitability of crown contour analyses in correctly identifying molars. A reliable protocol, based on predictive linear discriminant analyses, was then proposed for identification of isolated molars. In addition, our results confirmed that the EFAproc method is suitable for normalizing outlines prior to undertaking elliptic Fourier analyses, especially in the case of nearly circular outlines: it obtained better classification than the classic method of normalization of Fourier descriptors for UM and provided also some advantages over the three landmarks-based methods tested here.

Disyunción y extracción de primeros premolares maxilares en maloclusión clase II división 1- paciente mesofacial

The patient was a healthy 9 year old boy with malposition of the teeth in mixed dentition, in the facial profile analysis, an apparent increase in the lower third of the face is noticed, jaw is slightly retrognatic. .Class II Div 1 malocclusion, Incomplete eruption of dental piece 11, piece 12 has not erupted. (Tooth Identification , FDI system), showing slight giroversion of lower central incisors, overjet increased 5.5 mm, crossbite of upper right supporting area (primary pieces: canine, first and second molar). Upper midline was coincident with facial midline, teeth midline maxillary and mandibular aren’t coincident in centric occlusion or centric relation. , their mandibular dental midline is shifted 1½ mm to the right of the patient in centric occlusion and centric relation. He was treated with orthotics (maxillary disjunction) and orthodontics through the extraction of maxillary first premolars, upper incisor retrusion, leveling and alignment of the upper and lower dental arches. The total time of active treatment in the different phases was 5 years 10 months. Pre and Post treatment records are shown. Overjet, overbite and Spee curve are evident in the standard, and excellent alignment and symmetry in the dental arches. At the end of the case Class II molar and Class I canine relationship Is noticed. We obtained a very good facial aesthetics, no clinical discrepancy between OC and RC. The TMJ was free of symptoms.

An unusual cause of epistaxis in a young patient: the supernumerary nasal tooth

Eruption of supernumerary teeth into the nasal cavity is a rare pathological condition. Identification of such teeth is important as they can sometimes cause significant morbidity. This report describes a young female patient with a complaint of epistaxis from the right nasal cavity. The diagnosis of a supernumerary nasal tooth was confirmed by computed tomography and the tooth was removed endoscopically with minimal morbidity.

Dose to the Developing Dentition During Therapeutic Irradiation: Organ at Risk Determination and Clinical Implications

Irradiation of pediatric facial structures can cause severe impairment of permanent teeth later in life. We therefore focused on primary and permanent teeth as organs at risk, investigating the ability to identify individual teeth in children and infants and to correlate dose distributions with subsequent dental toxicity. We retrospectively reviewed 14 pediatric patients who received a maximum dose >20 Gy(relative biological effectiveness, RBE) to 1 or more primary or permanent teeth between 2003 and 2009. The patients (aged 1-16 years) received spot-scanning proton therapy with 46 to 66 Gy(RBE) in 23 to 33 daily fractions for a variety of tumors, including rhabdomyosarcoma (n=10), sarcoma (n=2), teratoma (n=1), and carcinoma (n=1). Individual teeth were contoured on axial slices from planning computed tomography (CT) scans. Dose-volume histogram data were retrospectively obtained from total calculated delivered treatments. Dental follow-up information was obtained from external care providers. All primary teeth and permanent incisors, canines, premolars, and first and second molars were identifiable on CT scans in all patients as early as 1 year of age. Dose-volume histogram analysis showed wide dose variability, with a median 37 Gy(RBE) per tooth dose range across all individuals, and a median 50 Gy(RBE) intraindividual dose range across all teeth. Dental follow-up revealed absence of significant toxicity in 7 of 10 patients but severe localized toxicity in teeth receiving >20 Gy(RBE) among 3 patients who were all treated at <4 years of age. CT-based assessment of dose distribution to individual teeth is feasible, although delayed calcification may complicate tooth identification in the youngest patients. Patterns of dental dose exposure vary markedly within and among patients, corresponding to rapid dose falloff with protons. Severe localized dental toxicity was observed in a few patients receiving the largest doses of radiation at the youngest ages; however, multiple factors including concurrent chemotherapy confounded the dose-effect relationship. Further studies with larger cohorts and appropriate controls will be required.

Identification of Supernumerary Teeth in 2D and 3D: Review of Literature and a Proposal

Supernumerary teeth occur in both syndromic and nonsyndromic patients, and dental professionals are likely to encounter such teeth in their professional careers. There are three main numbering systems used to identify teeth today: the Universal/ National, the Palmer/Zsigmondy notation, and the Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) numbering systems. However, a review of the literature suggests that none of these three consistently addresses the identification of supernumerary teeth. Being able to communicate the location of supernumerary teeth is important for dental professionals, especially in interdisciplinary situations. This article proposes a guideline to locate and identify supernumerary teeth in two and three dimensions, which may reduce treatment errors and improve communication among health care providers and third-party administrators.

Missing tooth identification and teeth numbering in dental X-ray and photographic imaging

In major disasters like air-plane crash, bomb-blast, fire accident and flood, the biometric means like finger print, retina, hand print, palm print, face details etc., may not be available. Hence in such a circumstance there is a need for another reliable, unique and useful means like tooth to develop an automated dental identification system. For dental biometric system the antemortem records has to be matched against the post mortem records. In the dental identification system, missing tooth detection and teeth numbering are few of the notable issues. This paper addresses these issues with the help of spline function, bifurcation techniques and template matching approaches. This review focuses these issues both for radiographic and photographic dental images since adequate radiographic records may not be available in almost all the instances. Experimental evaluation shows satisfied results which will abet the dental biometrics.

Lesson Plan on New Method of Teeth identification Introduced at Dental Schools in Malaysia and Pakistan

This article describes a new tooth notation system designed to be implemented for educational purposes in dental schools in Malaysia and Pakistan for identification of teeth and subsequently dental communication for wellness of dental patients. Its format is constructed as a lesson plan to present an uncomplicated tooth notation system by first letter of each tooth class (I-incisor, C-canine, P-premolar, and M-molar) to describe and communicate dental information. The new system is a promising and potential educational lesson that is innovative in its contents, easily understandable, and usable in dental charting as indicated by the results of a pilot study. However, further studies are required to investigate the strength of this new system.

A carboniferous chondrichthyan assemblage from residues within a Triassic karst system at Cromhall quarry, Gloucestershire, England

Abstract. Sixteen different Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian Courceyan to Chadian age, Mississippian) chondrichthyan teeth types have been extracted from Triassic erosional/aeolian fills in shallow karst systems found in the limestone quarry at Cromhall, Gloucestershire, England. These Carboniferous teeth have been found within a much larger assemblage of disarticulated bones and teeth belonging to small late Triassic terrestrial reptiles, for which Cromhall quarry is famous. The Carboniferous teeth are derived fossils, released during subaerial dissolution of the surrounding limestones. Owing to low specimen numbers and uncertainty of intraspecific character, 10 types of teeth are left in open nomenclature, although it is likely they represent new taxa. They belong to Jalodus, Ctenacanthiformes, Protacrodus, Orodus, Chomatodus, Petalodontidae, Euchondrocephali?, Helodus and Psephodus. A new genus and species, Cromhallia parvunda, of indeterminate phylogenetic relationships, is also erected. The assemblage includes also an identified suite comprising Thrinacodus ferox, Bransonella cf. nebraskensis and Stethacanthus cf. altonensis. The identification of all fish teeth found in the Cromhall assemblages as derived fossils from the Carboniferous removes any ambiguity regarding the fully terrestrial nature of the late Triassic fauna preserved in the residue‐bearing karst systems.

Buried teeth–identification, causes and management

Impacted teeth have several causes and can lead to problems if left untreated. Their management includes extraction, long-term orthodontic treatment or monitoring for problems, and depends on both human and clinical factors

Measurement method for the identification of individual teeth in milling operations

Internal sensors already available in the machine tools may prove to be an interesting approach to monitor the machining process. Accurate determination of the position of the individual tooth on a milling cutter is important to be able to correlate the measured responses from the machine tool position encoders to the tooth or teeth that may be the cause of the response.The aim of the work presented in this paper is to develop a measurement method to identify the individual tooth on a milling cutter by their angular position relative to a specified 0°-direction. If the lower and upper bounds of the cutting zone are known, together with the actual spindle position and the starting time of the cut, it will be possible to track and identify which teeth are within the cutting zone at a given time in the following off-line analysis of the responses. This may simplify the task of finding potential correlations between the state of individual teeth on the milling cutter with measured responses from various sensors during the milling process. The proposed method is based on a reflectance detector and uses accurate position information provided by the position encoders.A validation of the measurement method is also presented which shows that the error of the estimated angular position is approximately ±0.15° for the validation setup used in this case.

Intranasal Tooth—An Ectopic Eruption of Mesiodens in Nasal Cavity: A Case Report and Review

An intranasal tooth (INT) is an ectopic tooth erupting into the nasal cavity. It is a rare clinical entity. Ectopic and supernumerary teeth may be present in many regions of maxillofacial skeleton. Ectopic teeth may be supernumerary, deciduous or permanent. The clinical manifestations of intranasal tooth are quite variable and they may cause a variety of symptoms and complications. Their clinical and radiographic presentations are classical, posing little challenge to the diagnostician. The identification of such teeth can be important since they have potential to cause considerable morbidity. Here, we describe a case of intranasal tooth along with possible etiopathogenesis, clinical and radiographic features, differential diagnosis, potential complications and treatment modalities.