Tone Of Autonomic Nervous System Research Articles

Neuromodulation for Atrial Fibrillation Control.

Trigger and functional substrate are related to the tone of autonomic nervous system, and the role of the autonomic nerve is more significant in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to non-paroxysmal AF. We have several options for neuromodulation to help to manage patients with AF. Neuromodulation targets can be divided into efferent and afferent pathways. On the efferent side, block would be an intuitive approach. However, permanent block is hard to achieve due to completeness of the procedure and reinnervation issues. Temporary block such as botulinum toxin injection into ganglionated plexi would be a possible option for post-cardiac surgery AF. Low-level subthreshold stimulation could also prevent AF, but the invasiveness of the procedure is the barrier for the general use. On the afferent side, block is also an option. Various renal denervation approaches are currently under investigation. Auditory vagus nerve stimulation is one of the representative low-level afferent stimulation methods. This technique is noninvasive and easy to apply, so it has the potential to be widely utilized if its efficacy is confirmed.

Interactions of productivity, content of separate amino acids, general protein in blood serum of chickens and tone of the autonomic nervous system

The regulation of metabolic processes and maintenance of a stable internal environment of the body is the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It influences all systems and organs, thus along with the neuro-humoral system providing control over the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Amino acids, as structural units of any protein molecule, are essential for the metabolism of proteins, enzymes and hormones. Certain amino acids are involved in neutralizing free radicals and are a donor of metal groups, can act as an energy source in case of a deficiency of carbohydrates and fats, and be structural units of connective tissue. Exchange of these compounds and their regulation by ANS have not been studied sufficiently, therefore, it is necessary to carry out research in this direction. The studies were aimed at finding the presence of the regulatory effect of ANS on the content of individual amino acids in the blood serum of 60-day-old Cobb-500 chickens. Determination of the ANS tone in Cobb-500 chickens at the age of 30–35 days was determined by the method of variation pulsometry. Electrocardiographic examination was performed in a quiet room without the use of sedatives. At the age of 60 days, blood was obtained from the saphenous vein of the chickens’ shoulder. Blood was sampled from 10 am to 1 pm, after a short fasting (2:00). It was found that sympathicotonic chickens had a higher content of individual amino acids compared to normotonics and vagotonics. In vagotonic chickens, the content of glycine and serine in the blood serum significantly exceeded the rate of chickens with a balanced tone of ANS. Correlative relationships between amino acid content were highly significant in poultry with balanced ANS tone. Vagotonic chickens had the highest correlations between ANS tone, heart rate and amino acid content (trend). Correlative relationships were present between ANS and body weight of chickens of different groups, serum protein. The correlation between total serum protein and body weight of chickens was different depending on the tone of the ANS. Fisher’s test revealed a significant effect of balanced ANS tone on the content of valine, serine and glycine and the weight of chickens. The effect of ANS tone on weight in vagotonic birds was high.

Особливості вегетативної нервової регуляції кальцію, фосфору, магнію в організмі корів за застосування кормової добавки “Гермацинк”

Особливості вегетативної нервової регуляції кальцію, фосфору, магнію в організмі корів за застосування кормової добавки “Гермацинк”

Dynamics of total protein content in blood of sows depending on peculiarities of nervous system activity

The article presents the results of studies on the dynamics of total protein content in blood serum of sows depending on the cortical and vegetative mechanisms of regulation under exposure to technological stimulus. Experiments were carried out on 3 years old pigs of large white breed. Types of higher nervous activity in pigs were determined using method of conditioned food reflexes. According to the studying of conditioned reflex activity 4 experimental groups were formed, 5 animals in each. The 1-st group consisted of sows with strong balanced mobile, the 2-nd – strong balanced inert, the 3-rd – strong unbalanced, and the 4-th – weak types of higher nervous activity. Then in experimental animals we studied the tone of the autonomic nervous system using trygeminovagal test, by the results of which we formed 3 experimental groups (normotonics, sympathicotonics, vagotonics), 5 animals in each. Before exposure to technological stimulus and in 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after its impact, blood samples were taken for biochemical studies in all experimental animals. Before exposure to technological stimulus content of total protein in swine blood serum between animals with strong types of higher nervous activity did not differ significantly. Animals with weak type of higher nervous activity had lower level of this metabolite than animals with strong balanced mobile type. After exposure to technological stimulus the total protein level in swine blood serum significantly decreased. In sows with strong balanced mobile type, the content of total protein starting from the 7-th day after exposure to technological stimulus returned to values that were before stress factor impact. At the same time, in sows with weak type of higher nervous activity, the level of total protein in blood returned to the reference values only in 28 days after exposure to technological stimulus. The basal level of total protein in blood serum in pigs with different tone of autonomic nervous system didn’t differ significantly. In sows normotonics was found a significantly higher content of total protein in blood serum than in sows vagotonics and sympathicotonics during first week after exposure to stress factor.

Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Reflex Tests for Assessment of Autonomic Functions in Preeclampsia.

Alterations in the autonomic cardiovascular control have been implicated to play an important etiologic role in preeclampsia. The present study was designed to evaluate autonomic functions in preeclamptic pregnant women and compare the values with normotensive pregnant and healthy nonpregnant controls. Assessment of autonomic functions was done by cardiovascular reflex tests and by analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Cardiovascular reflex tests included deep breathing test (DBT) and lying to standing test (LST). HRV was analyzed in both time and frequency domain for quantifying the tone of autonomic nervous system to the heart. The time domain measures included standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and square root of mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD). In the frequency domain we measured total power (TP), high frequency (HF) power, low frequency (LF) power, and LF/HF ratio. Cardiovascular reflex tests showed a significant parasympathetic deficit in preeclamptic women. Among parameters of HRV, preeclamptic group had lower values of SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HF, and LF (ms2) and higher value of LF in normalised units along with high LF/HF ratio compared to normotensive pregnant and nonpregnant controls. Furthermore, normotensive pregnant women had lower values of SDNN, TP, and LF component in both absolute power and normalised units compared to nonpregnant females. The results confirm that normal pregnancy is associated with autonomic disturbances which get exaggerated in the state of preeclampsia.

Особливості тонусу та реактивності вегетативної нервової системи у хворих на псоріаз курців тютюну

Особливості тонусу та реактивності вегетативної нервової системи у хворих на псоріаз курців тютюну

Dynamics of heart rhythm variability with supplementation of alpha-lipoic acid and zinc sulfate in postinfarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Purpose – to investigate the dynamics of heart rhythm variability (HRV) in patients with type 2 DM who have had non-Q-MI, during treatment with ALA and Zn sulfate.Materials and methods. 49 patients were examined (mean age 60,97±1,59 years) with type 2 DM who have had non-Q-MI. In addition to basic treatment patients received ALA 600 mg/day and Zn sulfate 248 mg/day for 4 months. 24-hour ECG monitoring with HRV evaluation was performed before treatment and after its completion.Results and discussion. Analysis of statistical rates of HRV in patients with type 2 DM who have had non-Q-MI after 4 months of ALA with Zn sulfate supplementation revealed a tendency to increase daytime RMSSD (p<0,2), daytime and nocturnal pNN50% (p<0,2). Concerning spectral rates of HRV in the daytime period of observation there was increase in highfrequency activity of HF (p<0.01), HFnorm (p<0,001) with increase in its contribution to the total spectral power HF% (p<0,001). It was also recorded a decrease in the percentage of low-frequency LFnorm% (p<0,001) and the growth of high-frequency HFnorm% (p<0,001) activity, which was reflected in sympathovagal interaction ratio LF/HF (p<0,001). In the night time it was also recorded reduction in LF/HF (p<0,05).Conclusions. The use of ALA and Zn sulfate for 4 months in patients with type 2 DM who have had MI, has a positive effect on heart rhythm variability, increasing the tone of autonomic nervous system and normalizing sympathovagal interaction.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СТРЕССА НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЙ ФУНКЦИИ У СТУДЕНТОК

Aim. To study the features of tropic and peripheral hormones in female university under stress considering the prevailing tone of autonomic nervous system. Materials and methods. We assessed the reproductive function in 49 girls with different types of autonomic regulation under stress. The assessment was based on studying the dynamics of levels of gonadotropins and sex hormones. The type of autonomic regulation was evaluated using rhythmocardiogarphy according to results of mathematical analysis of heart rate variability. Hormone levels were determined by enzyme multiplied immunoassay using Biorad iMark biochemical analyzer (USA) and Alkor-bio testing system (Russia) under normal conditions and under emotional stress. Results. In general group under stress the levels of luteinizing hormone and prolactin were lower the same values under normal conditions. In girls with dominating sympathetic nervous system the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol were usually high – 6.58 ± 0.63 and 92.17 ± 15.09, respectively. When parasympathetic tone dominated the tendency was towards low values of most of hormones under study and significantly low levels of estradiol; besides, under emotional stress the suppression of luteal phase was observed. Conclusion. Under emotional stress female students in their reproductive period have the altered activity of the axis hypothalamus – pituitary gland – gonads. Changes in sex gonadotropins under emotional stress may vary depending on the initial dominating tone of autonomic nervous system.

Calcitonin Secretion under Insulin Hypoglycemia

The increasing secretion of calcitonin and hypocalcemia under insulin hypoglycemia, induced with insulin injection (1 IU/100g), was established. Physiological mechanisms of the stimulating effect of insulin hypoglycemia on calcitonin secretion were studied in double-side adrenalectomized and pancreatectomized rats and under the blocking synaptic transmission in sympathetic ganglions or via peripheral cholino- and adreno-receptor structures. Insulin hypoglycemia didn’t expose the increasing secretion of calcitonin in rats under adrenalectomy and pancreatectomy. Ganglion-blocker pentamin (2.5 mg/100g body weight), blocker of M-cholino-receptors atropine (0.2 ml), α-adreno-blocker tropaphen (0.1 mg/100g), and β-adreno-blocker obzidan (0.1 mg/100g) evoked the inhibiting effect on calcitonin secretion in spite of simultaneously increasing of hypog-lycemia. Corticosteroids and, obviously, glucagon and also the tone of autonomic nervous system via peripheral M-cholinoreactive and α- and β-adrenoreactive structures take part in the activation of calcitonin secretion under insulin hypoglycemia.

Autonomic nervous system tone condition in gastric diseases

Studying vegetative nervous system in patients with various diseases of internal organs, we, by the way, paid attention also to its condition in gastric patients. It was interesting for us to check results of researches of other authors in this direction and also to trace connection of vegetative nervous system with types of gastric cell secretion in various gastric diseases. We determined the tone of autonomic nervous system by the method of Danilopolu and Garniol'a, as relatively more exact and devoid of sub'ectivism. We did not see any threatening, harmful influences on the patients from this method application. We studied 41 patients from 25 to 45 years old. Of them 20 patients had peptic ulcers (16 cases) and 12 duodenal ulcers (4 cases), 6 patients had hyperacidity, 12 patients had subacid and anacid catarrhs and 3 patients had stomach cancer.